Basil Oshchepkov: biography, cov duab thiab nthuav tseeb

Nyob rau hauv South Sakhalin Lub ib hlis ntuj 6, 1892 nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm cov convicts yug lub tsaub tub Oshchepkov Vasily Sergeyevich - tom ntej no zoo kawg kis las thiab tus tsim ntawm lub teb chaws judo. Tus tub tau yuam kev, thiab muab lub fact tias nyob rau hauv hnub nyoog 11 nws tau los ua ib tug tub ntsuag, peb yuav tsuas yog twv dab hmoo awaited tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib qho nyuaj zog.

Lub neej nyob rau hauv tsev loj cuj thiab cov niam txiv

Peb twb nyuaj heev txawv txoj hmoo, nyob rau hauv lawv tsis muaj tsuas criminals tiam sis tseem "nom tswv" cov nuj nqis. Koj muaj peev xwm xa, thiab zoo tib yam cov neeg uas tau txais ib tug kab lus rau ib tug me nyuam ua txhaum.

Tab sis nws tsis yog li ntawd heev thiab monotonous nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse thiab kev kawm cua thaum nyob rau Sakhalin, raws li nws tej zaum yuav zoo li. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Nicholas II muaj peev xwm kom tau ib tug zoo kev kawm ntawv, nws loj hlob zoo-paub cov nuj nqis thiab zaum ntawm lub tsev lojcuj:

• Antarctic explorer Dmitry Girev;
• Narodovolets thiab soj ntsuam Ainu Bronislaw Pilsudski;
• "Convict kev kawm ntawv" tau txais Daniil Kharms.

Yog li ntawd, tsis yog txhua tus yug los rau hauv tsev lojcuj yog doomed tu siab txoj hmoo. Nyob rau hauv Nyiv Basil Oschepkin tau txais mus rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm 13 mus Archbishop Nicholas rau Nyiajpoom teb, no rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tub hluas tau txais kev cai dab qhuas kev kawm ntawv thiab pib kawm judo.

Niam - Maria Semenovna - yug nyob rau hauv 1851, tuag nyob rau hauv 1904. Thaum nws tus tub yog 8 xyoo, Mary twb pauv mus rau ssylnopoeselenki, nws tau tiv thaiv 18 xyoo hauv nkuaj, thiab 60 lashes rau ib txoj kev khiav los ntawm ib qho nyuaj zog. Leej Txiv - Sergey Zaharovich Plisak - ntoo, tuag nyob rau hauv 1902. Oschepkina niam thiab txiv tau cohabiting.

Tshiab Xyoo Eve Basil Oshchepkov - Sambo ntse heev nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, ua kevcai raus dej pov thawj Aleksandrom Uninskim. Godfather nws los ua ib tug senior clerk managerial troops on Sakhalin George Pavlov-Smirnov. Godmother - Kochina Ivanovna.

Biography luv luv

Oshchepkov Vasily Sergeyevich - nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm kawm tiav ntawm lub chav xyaum tes taw Tokyo. Nyob rau hauv Nyiv nws yog nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1907. ces:

• ntse kawm tiav los ntawm lub Kodokan tsev kawm ntawv;
• Nws los ua tus thawj Lavxias teb sab thiab plaub European kawm tiav uas yog tau muab lub secrets ntawm lub Japanese unarmed combat;
• lub USSR tsim ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm judo thiab nce kev ua si nawv;
• thawj judo kev sib tw nyob rau hauv 1917;
• nyob rau hauv 1932, kev ua si nawv twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub TRP kev pab cuam;
• nyob rau hauv 1937, Vasily Sergeyevich twb puas tau raug ntes thiab tua.

Thaum pib ntawm lub XX xyoo pua Lavxias teb sab kev tiv thaiv tej lus qhuab qhia uas yuav tsum tau ib tug tsim nyog, kev kawm kev txais tos cov neeg ua haujlwm. Huab tais Nicholas II kos npe rau ib tsab cai nyob rau hauv 1903 mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug tshwj xeeb kontrazvedochnoy kev pab cuam. Rau xws li lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe coj Japanese cov kws txawj los yog high school kawm tiav nyob rau hauv judo rau Nyiajpoom Teb. Rau Russia, qhov no khoom kim heev yog inadmissible vim hais tias Nyiv tau nyiam ua hauj lwm nrog cov Western lub xeev.

Cov tsev kawm ntawv rau txoj kev kawm ntawm nws tus kheej tiv thaiv tau tsim nyob rau hauv pub leejtwg, thiaj li tsis nyiam xim. Tej zaj lus qhia tau ua nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm txawv tsev, ib tug ntawm cov uas yog ib tug Theological kawm vaj lug kub, uas tuaj Lavxias teb sab me nyuam tub Basil Oshchepkov. Kawm ua tub rog tej zaum yuav tau cov hluas, uas lawv niam txiv tau raug tua nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab-Japanese kev tsov kev rog.

Txoj kev tshawb no thiab kev kawm tau

Nyob rau hauv 1911, 29 Lub kaum hli ntuj, cov tub ntxhais Oshchepkov nkag mus rau hauv Kodokan tsev kawm ntawv. Nws yeej ib txwm pom nqhis dej rau kev txawj ntse, nws yog ib qho nyuaj-ua hauj lwm thiab feemxyuam. Lub ntsiab yuav tsum tau rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau cim txhua txhua lo lus cob qhia Jigoro Kano. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg yog distracted thiab tsis saib tus kws kho mob, nws tsis noj.

Txhua tus neeg thov yog nyob rau hauv nruj tswj ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Tub los ntawm Russia yog heev yooj yim mus kawm rau zaum nyob rau hauv Japanese. Vasey loog ob txhais ceg, tab sis nws tsis tau sawv, li no sib hwm rau nws saib.

Ib xyoo tom qab pib ntawm txoj kev kawm Oshchepkov tau txais ib tug thawj dan nyob rau hauv judo thiab ib tug me ntsis tom qab - lub thib ob. Nws kom huv si kawm cov kev qhuab qhia honed txheej txheem tag nrho nws tus kheej thiab tau txais txoj cai los khi ib tug dub siv. Basil Oshchepkov los ua tus thawj Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, uas twb tsim nyog raws li ib tug tswv. Nws yog ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd muaj yeeb koob, nws hwm, hlub thiab qhuas, hu ua lub Lavxias teb sab dais uas tau tiav nws lub hom phiaj.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus judo nyob rau hauv high school, qhov uas nws kawm rau cov hluas ua kis las, ua cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv:

• Nyiv thiab lub Far East dab neeg;
• ntaub ntawv;
• qauv sau ntawv;
• nyeem ntawv cov tsiaj ntawv;
• Neeg txhais lus ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm cov khoom;
• memorizing Theological disciplines;
• Lavxias teb sab lus.

Basil ntse ua tiav nws cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv 1913. Nws daim ntawv pov thawj muaj ib tug zoo meej tau qib thiab ob peb tias "zoo".

Creation ntawm cov thawj judo tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia

Nyob rau hauv Russia Vasily Oshchepkov rov qab nyob rau hauv 1914 tom qab kawm tiav. Nws tau raug txhais nyob rau hauv lub Amur tub rog District nyob rau hauv Harbin li ib tug neeg txhais lus nyob rau hauv counterintelligence. Tom ntej no, nws tau txais nyob rau hauv lub Amur koog tsev kawm ntawv txawj ntse department. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws ua ib qho Russia tus thawj judo tsev kawm ntawv.

Qhov no yog ib thaj av lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev ua si nawv: lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1914 - yog lub hnub yug ntawm lub teb chaws judo. Ces tus Japanese wrestling yog ib tug tiag tiag txawv, txawm muaj zog ua si nawv European powers. Thiab nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv lub zos me me ua judo seem nyob qhov twg Basil Oshchepkov sambo thiab judo yuav qhia leej twg uas xav tau.

Cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tuaj rau hauv lub seem thiab koom nrog ib tug kws kws qhia, tau sau ntau tshaj 50 cov neeg. Kev kawm coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm nroog haiv neeg "Cov kev ua si" nyob rau hauv Vladivostok, tsev dim kom txog rau thaum tam sim no thiab tam sim no lub gym Pacific Fleet no. Txij li thaum 2012 cov tub ntxhais hluas lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Aleksandrovsk yog muaj npe tom qab tus naas ej wizard. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tos txais ntawm lub tsev muaj duab Vasiliya Oschepkova.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv raws li khiav judo seem, nrog ib tug pej xeem ntawm tsib caug cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tus tswv twb muaj no ob regional Sambo kev sib tw nyob rau hauv 2014 thiab 2015.

Nyob rau hauv Moscow, Vasily Oshchepkov judo kawm tub ceev xwm, tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm thiab liab Martial Arts.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws kev ua si Vasily Sergeyevich kawm sau ntawv thiab ua raws li lub tiam sis ntawm cov kawm Askiv, nws sau ib tug loj cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm 1937 raws li ntau yam kev tiv thaiv tus kheej, martial arts thiab judo.

Raws li ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub ntiaj teb Encyclopedia, tsim nyob rau hauv ces, cov thawj judo kev sib tw nyob sab nraum ntawm Nyiv twb muaj nyob rau hauv 1919. Tab sis lub zos ntawv xov xwm archives hais txog lub Lavxias teb sab judo kev sib tw uas yog nyob rau ntawm tsawg kawg yog ob lub xyoos ua ntej lub European debut.

Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm Vasily mus rau Aleksandrovsk rau Sakhalin uas nws tau yug, thiab yuav ua rau ib tug nyob ua qauv qhia ntawm films. Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1923, Vasily Sergeyevich pib ib fruitful kev sib koom tes nrog rau tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv lub Soviet pab tub rog - nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntse. Oshchepkov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub pseudonym "DD". Nyob rau hauv nws films, nws muab qhia nqi txawj ntse, ces nws mus rov qab mus rau teb chaws Nyiv Pooj.

Lub postwar xyoo

Oshchepkov Vasily Sergeyevich Sambo qhia physical education qhia ntawm lub USSR. Qhia geography Basil txhab thiab nyob rau hauv 1925, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Novosibirsk nyob rau hauv cov tub ceev xwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum lub hauv pem hauv ntej, nws tau txais lub profession ntawm cov tub rog tshuab txhais lus, ces nws yuav them taus heev txawv teb chaws mus ncig ua si. Oshchepkov lossi zoo nyob rau hauv nws tej yam txaus siab, nws kawm thiab mastered rau lub tshiab, tsim lawv cov lawv cov txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd maj muaj lwm qhuab qhia - Sambo.

Cov kev cai ntawm kev sib ntaus tau ua division ntawm qhov ceeb thawj pawg, hloov rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov neeg koom:

• es tsis txhob ntawm lev yog wrestling lev;
• Japanese kimonos tau hloov los ntawm nqaim plev;
• kev ua si briefs tau siv es tsis txhob ntawm judo ris;
• mus tua cov neeg tua hluav taws tuaj tawm nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb khau thiab tsis barefoot.

Tseem Ceeb hloov tau raug kev txom nyem tsis tau tsuas yog cov kev cai ntawm lub nriaj nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj nws muaj quas teeb meem, nruj tswj tau ua rau lub noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg. Lub sib tuav tes yog ib yam tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus sib txeeb. Tw tuav tes nrog txhua lwm yam ua ntej thiab tom qab fights.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm martial arts system thiab cov menyuam kawm Oshchepkova

Oschepkovskaya system tsim thiab paub tsis tus ntawm txawv teb chaws, xws li Japanese, cov tsev kawm ntawv judo. Vasily Sergeyevich muaj ntau dua cov kev ua si kev kawm ntawv, tab sis nws tau cog lus tseg thiab mus kom ze rau lub lag luam ua tiag tiag scientific. Master pheej kev txawj ntse thiab ua judo cim kev ua si nawv, tab sis nws tsis yog heev dua lwm yam rau no.

Thaum lub sij hawm, lub Japanese lawv tus kheej muaj menyuam nqe ntaus rog sambo txheej txheem, hais tias nws yog ntau zoo meej tshaj judo. Oshchepkova sib ntaus sib tua style yog coj mus rau kev pab nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv hauv tsev thiab cov tub rog units. Master yuav siv sij hawm ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv kev tsim ib co ntawm cov "Npaj txhij rau Labor thiab kws muaj txuj ci ntawm lub USSR." Ntawm cov kawm tiav ntawm Vasily Sergeyevich tau tej masters li:

• VG Kuzovlev;
• VV Sidorov;
• NM Galkovsky;
• IV Vasiliev;
• RA schoolchildren;
• AA Harlampiev thiab ntau lwm masters.

Nyob rau hauv lub 30s Oshchepkova summoned rau Moscow, uas nws muaj peev xwm los qhia cov Soviet cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm judo.

Raug ntes thiab tuag

Qhov kawg ntawm tus 30s yog lub tsaus ntuj tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau judo - ib tug ua si nawv raug txwv raws li "alien rau lub Soviet txoj hauj lwm ntawm ntau cov neeg." Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1937 Vasily Sergeyevich qhib nyob rau High School coaches txhij txhua nyob rau hauv judo.

Lub creator ntawm Combat Sambo Vasily Oshchepkov raug ntes rau espionage nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1937 thiab ib lub hlis tom qab ntawd nws yuav tuag nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj. Nws tau los ua tus founder ntawm judo, tab sis nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov Sambo muab nws, yog devoted mus rau kev txaus siab ntawm lub Soviet tub ceev xwm, tab sis raws li ib tug version, raug tua tam sim ntawd tom qab lub ntes, nyob rau lwm yam - tau tuag ntawm koj lub plawv nres.

Nyob rau hauv 1937 judo cais los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawv qib siab cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub cev kev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj ntawm lub tib lub xyoo muab ib tug decree ntawm attracting pej xeem Oshchepkova txhaum foob rau espionage nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov teb chaws Nyiv Pooj. Thaum hmo ntuj arrests twb ntau thoob plaws lub teb chaws. Peb poob nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm twg los nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw cov neeg uas tau txawv teb chaws. Oshchepkov cwj pwm, hmoov tsis, no cov qeb ntawm cov neeg.

Qhov no tragic xav txog overtook ntau authoritative thiab ci ntsa iab txiv neej ntawm lub sij hawm. Tom qab 20 xyoo, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub ntes yuav muab saib thiab clarified tias Vasiliya Oschepkova coj mus rau hauv tus me nyuam thiab them nrog illegally. Nws to taub hais tias judo li xws li nws yog, yuav tsis tau daws tau tag nrho cov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus kheej.

Thaum lub sij hawm, nruj, khi style ntawm sib ntaus sib tua kuj kis tau "free kev kawm", qhov twg tag nrho cov hom kev kawm tau honed rau perfection thiab npaum li cas los ntawm lwm yam thoob ntiaj teb lub tsev kawm ntawv. Yog li yug ib tug tshiab kev ua si nawv - Sambo. Thiab nws pib qhia Vasili Oshchepkov kev sib ntaus los sambo.

Tej lub neej

Founder ntawm Sambo Vasily Oshchepkov yuav txiv peb lub sij hawm. Tom qab sib nrauj los ntawm nws tus thawj tus poj niam, Ekaterina Zhuravleva, lub plawv ntawm peb hero ntaus lub 17-xyoo-laus ntxhais los ntawm Harbin. Maria ces tiav lawm kawg qauv sau ntawv hauv chav kawm ntawv. Nws yog kev sib nrig sib hlub thaum xub thawj pom, tab sis Maria tuag ntawm tuberculosis. Nws peb tus poj niam - Anna Ivanovna Kazembek, Basil pom nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub neej Oshchepkova twb zoo mob nrog rau cov kev ua si, noj qab haus huv, nws yog sib txawv. Nws txawm nyob rau hauv kev kawm yeej tsis coj tawm T-shirts thiab shirts, cov menyuam kawm ntawv hais tias, hais tias nws overcomes daim tawv nqaij kab mob. Txawm li ib tug tub hluas nws muaj teeb meem nrog cov plaub hau, nws shaved do hau vim hais tias lysel.

Lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm judo

Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union judo rooj txhawb siab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub 60s, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov kev qhuab qhia muaj nyob rau hauv lub Olympics. Reconstituted rau lub hauv paus ntawm martial arts sib ntaus sib tua Sambo.

Nyob rau hauv lub biography thiab keeb kwm Oshchepkova Sambo txoj kev loj hlob yog ib qho kev nthuav taw tes. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau domestic qhov chaw yog nws hu ua tus founder ntawm cov kev qhuab qhia. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, yuav tsum paub hais tias ib tug ntawm cov creators ntawm qhov nrov ua si nawv yog peb compatriot, zoo nkauj heev. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv kev ncaj ncees nws yuav tsum tau hais tias hais tias muaj tw ntawm daim ntawv no.

Nyob rau hauv no tsis sib haum zoo li lwm lub ntsej muag, thiab heev rightly - Spiridonov Viktor Afanasevich, uas yog tseem xam tau tias yog ib tug tho kev-sambo wrestlers. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog siv lub sij hawm "Samba" ua ntej. Muaj ib co neeg uas yuav lav lub npe ntawm pioneer judo thiab sambo. Oshchepkov zoo nws yuav tsum tau txais xws li ib tug lub npe tias nws reworked cim zoo-paub martial arts, tsim nws tus kheej style.

Judo txoj kev loj hlob yog ua raws cov Japanese duel Kodokan judo. Qhov no kos duab tau technically kho thiab enriched nrog cov tshiab txoj kev, coj los ntawm ntau thoob ntiaj teb tiv thaiv systems ntawm martial arts, wrestling, boxing. Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov kev qhuab qhia tau hloov zuj zuj mus rau hauv ib qho zoo tagnrho nws tus kheej-muaj system.

Oshchepkova judo system twb siab tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 30 tus. Txhim kho nws yuav pab leading Soviet tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam martial arts, menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov neeg pab.

Lub cim xeeb ntawm cov ntse heev ntawm Sambo

Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub teb chaws judo nyob rau hauv lub 2000s, nws yog lub koom haum tournaments Sambo nyob Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg 2012 ib tug monument tswv Sambo twb qhib nyob rau hauv Vladivostok. "Kev ua si nawv judo Federation" yog koom nyob rau hauv lub popularization ntawm cuab yeej cuab tam Oshchepkova Sakhalin. Lub regional tub ceev xwm txaus siab rau lub tswv yim mus rau npe rau ib tug ntawm cov tshiab txoj kev nyob rau hauv Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk npe VS Oshchepkova.

Oshchepkov tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb, tshiab martial art raws li judo. Ntau xim tau them mus rau ciav hom kev kawm, thiab ua hauj lwm tsis muaj khaub ncaws, tricks, coj los ntawm suav martial arts.

Summing li

Nws tsis yog tau los overestimate tus pab mus rau lub teb chaws kev ua si nawv ntawm Vasily Sergeyevich Soviet neeg soj xyuas uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Nyiv rau ntau xyoo. Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm nws lub neej thiab tam sim no ib puag ncig los ntawm legends, ib tug yuav hais tias tseeb: ib tug tshwj xeeb cwm pwm - Vasily Oshchepkov. Nws biography yog tsis muaj ab tsi rau tus neeg tshawb fawb - enthusiasts uas tseem tabtom mus rau restore cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws lub neej.

Cov tag nrho lub neej ntawm tus tswv li qhov ua kom tiav ntawm ib tug txawv txawv kab lus: nws tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm cov convicts dim qhov twg tag nrho cov tuag. Txuj ci tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv Nyiv nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm Nicholas rau Nyiajpoom teb, nws tau mus kawm lub Lycée thiab tau qhab nia kev mob siab. Nws los ua ib tug thwj tim ntawm judo tsim Jigoro Kano.

Cov kev tsov kev rog, kev txom riots nyob rau hauv Primorye - yog dhau los ntawm Oshchepkov Basil. Nws yog ib tug scout nyob rau hauv Sakhalin thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Nyiv, rov qab mus rau lub Soviet Union, kiag li muab mus rau lub kev ua si nawv ntawm judo seem qhib thiab tsim qhov kev qhuab qhia.

Nws tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub Japanese Army, collaborated nrog lub koob muaj npe counterintelligence thiab nyob tau ib lub sij hawm ntev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub tshav microscopic.

Qhov no zoo ua luaj ua si nuj nqis, tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 44 xyoo, ntawm lub ncov ntawm lawv muaj tswv yim possibilities, muaj ntau yam ntawm nws cov kev nquag kev pab them nqi, nws tsis tau paub.