Bertolt Brecht: biography, lub keeb kwm ntawm lub neej, muaj tswv yim thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv

Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956 gg.) - ib qho ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws German theatrical nuj nqis, feemxyuam playwrights ntawm nws lub sij hawm, tab sis nws ua si thiab yog tseem nrov thiab muab tso rau hauv ntau theaters ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov no luag txawj sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj lug, raws li zoo raws li lub creator ntawm lub ua yeeb yam "Berliner Ensemble". Bertolda Brehta creativity coj nws mus rau tsim ib tug tshiab qauv ntawm "nom tswv ua yeeb yam." Nws yug los nyob rau hauv lub German nroog ntawm Augsburg. Los ntawm nws cov hluas nws xav nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam, tab sis nws tsev neeg hais tias nws yog ib tug kws kho mob, tom qab high school nws nkag mus hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Lyudviga Maksimiliana nyob rau hauv Munich.

Bertolt Brecht: biography thiab tej hauj lwm

Txawm li cas los, loj hloov coj qhov chaw tom qab ib tug lub rooj sib tham nrog tus naas ej German txawj sau ntawv Leon Fayhvangerom. Nws tam sim ntawd pom ib tug me nyuam tub hluas zoo kawg li txuj ci thiab pom zoo kom nws ua nyob ze cov ntaub ntawv. By lub sij hawm no Brecht tiav lawm nws ua si "Drums ntawm lub hmo ntuj", uas muab tso rau ib qho ntawm Munich lub theaters.

By 1924, tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum yeej xwb Berlin hluas Bertolt Brecht. Nws biography ntawd hais tias nws yog tos rau lwm amazing lub rooj sib tham nrog tus naas ej thawj coj Erwin Piscator. Ib xyoo tom qab, qhov no tandem tsim ib tug "proletarian ua yeeb yam".

Luv luv biography ntawm Bertolda Brehta ntawd hais tias cov playwright nws tus kheej yog tsis nplua nuj, thiab nws cov nyiaj yuav tsis txaus rau koj mus rau phau ntawv thiab yuav daim los ntawm nto moo playwrights. Uas yog vim li cas Brecht txiav txim siab los sau ntawv lawv tus kheej.

Tab sis nws pib tinkering uas nto moo plays, thiab ces mus staging nrov txawj tej hauj lwm rau cov uas tsis yog-kev lam.

theatrical ua hauj lwm

Creative txoj kev Bertolda Brehta pib nrog cov kev ua si "Lub Threepenny Opera" los ntawm John Gay, nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Lub neeg thov khawv lub Opera," uas ua ib tug ntawm cov thawj xws thwmsim debut, teev nyob rau hauv 1928.

Cov zajlus qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm lub neej ntawm cov ob peb pluag vagrants, uas nres ntawm tsis muaj dab tsi, thiab los ntawm tag nrho cov txhais tau tias nrhiav ib tug livelihood. Performance yuav luag tam sim ntawd los ua nrov li thov khawv, vagrants ua ntej twb tsis protagonists rau cov theem.

Ces Brecht, ua ke nrog nws tus khub Piscator nws txo nws hwj nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam "Volksbühne" tus thib ob tshiab los ntawm ob leeg ua si Gorky "Niam".

kiv puag ncig ntsuj plig

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, thaum lub Germans saib rau txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev siv ntawm lub xeev, thiab thiaj li muaj yog ib tug tej yam distemper. Thiab qhov no revolutionary ntsuj plig ntawm Bertolt heev npaum li cas raws tus ntsuj plig ntawm pej xeem txoj kev xav.

Qhov no yog ua raws li los ntawm ib tug tshiab ua si los ntawm Brecht lub theem adaptation ntawm tus tshiab los ntawm J. Hasek zaj dab neeg txog lub adventures ntawm lub zoo peeb zeej Schweik. Nws attracted tus mloog ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib uas cia crammed nrog humorous txhua hnub lub sijhawm, thiab feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - yeeb yuj anti-tsov rog lub ntsiab.

Tiam sis ntawm no rau tus neeg sau txoj dissatisfaction poob Nazis, uas tuaj rau lub hwj chim ntawm lub sij hawm no. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm 1933, lub German neeg ua hauj lwm theaters tau txwv. Tam sim ntawd nws twb yuam kom khiav tawm hauv lub teb chaws thiab Bertolt Brecht.

Biography qhia hais tias thaum lub sij hawm nws yuav txiv rau ib tug naas ej actress Elene Vaygel, thiab hais tias yog nrog nws, nws tsiv mus rau Finland.

Cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Finland

Muaj nws pib mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si "Niam Siab tawv thiab Nws cov me nyuam." Cov zajlus, nws peeped nyob rau hauv German pej xeem phau ntawv, uas qhia txog cov adventures ntawm ib tug torgashki thaum lub sij hawm lub Peb caug xyoo 'ua tsov ua rog.

State of Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws yuav tsis tsum sab laug nyob ib leeg, yog li ntawd kuv muab nws ib tug nom tswv xim nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si "Ntshai thiab kev nyuaj siab ploj ntawm lub Peb Reich" thiab tsom nyob rau hauv nws muaj tseeb yog vim li cas tuaj rau lub Nazi tog ntawm Hitler.

tsov rog

Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb ob Finland los ua ib tug pab pawg phooj ywg ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, Brecht, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau mus txawv teb chaws rov qab, tab sis lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv America. Nws txo nws hwj muaj nws cov tshiab kev ua si "Lub neej ntawm Galileo" (1941), "Zoo neeg Szechwan", "Mr. Puntilla thiab nws Matti tub qhe."

Raws li ib lub hauv paus raug coj lub nrov pej xeem cov dab neeg thiab satire. Nws nkawd yuav yooj yooj yim thiab ntshiab, tiam sis Brecht, kho lawv nrog philosophical kwvyees, muab lawv nyob rau hauv cov lus piv txwv. Yog li ntawd, playwright nrhiav tshiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia tawm ntawm lawv cov kev xav, tswv yim thiab kev ntseeg.

Taganka Theatre

Nws theatrical nrug twb nyob rau hauv nyob sib ze nrog cov neeg tuaj saib. Hu zaj nkauj, tej zaum cov neeg tuaj saib raug caw mus rau theem thiab ua rau lawv ncaj qha kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si. Tej no ua rau cov neeg ciav yam. Thiab nws yog heev zoo paub Bertolt Brecht. Nws biography muaj lwm heev interesting tshaj plaws: nws puv, lub Moscow Taganka Theatre kuj pib ua si Brecht. Director Lyubimov ua ib tug ua si "Zoo neeg Szechwan" hallmark ntawm lub ua yeeb yam, Txawm li cas los, txawm muaj ib tug ob peb lwm ua yeeb yam.

Thaum tsov rog lawm, nws rov qab sai li sai tau rau cov teb chaws Europe thiab Bertolt Brecht. Biography muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas nws hais nyob rau hauv Austria. Pab ua yeeb yam thiab sawv ovations twb nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws plays, uas nws tau sau rov qab nyob rau hauv America, "Lub Caucasian chalk vajvoog", "Cia li sawv ntawm Arturo povhwm poob haujlwm". Tus thawj ua si nws pom nws tus cwj pwm rau cov zaj duab xis Charles Chaplin tus "The Great dictator" thiab sim kom tiav hais tias, yog dab tsi tsis tas Chaplin.

Tsev ua yeeb yam "Berliner Ensemble"

Nyob rau hauv 1949, ntawm Berthold caw mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub GDR ua yeeb yam "Berliner Ensemble", qhov twg nws los ua tus artistic thawj coj thiab cov thawj coj. Nws sau tau theem txhia ntawm cov loj tshaj tej hauj lwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv: "Vassa Zheleznov" thiab "Niam" Iab, "tus ntshuab plaub lub tsho tiv no" thiab "Tus liab Lau qaib" G. Hauptmann.

Nrog nws ua yeeb yam nws cov kwv tij tog nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab, ntawm chav kawm, mus xyuas lub USSR, qhov twg nyob rau hauv 1954 nws twb muab tsub lub Lenin sib haum xeeb zog.

Bertolt Brecht: biography, daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1955 Brecht, thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 57 xyoo pib xav tias mob heev, nws tau muaj hnub nyoog, taug kev, leaning ntawm ib tug pas nrig. Nws ua ib tug yuav nyob rau hauv uas nws taw tes rau hauv lub hleb nrog nws lub cev tsis muab tso rau hauv pej xeem cov zaub thiab tsis tau hais tias farewell has lug hab.

Raws nraim li ib xyoo tom qab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam rau zus tau tej cov "Lub neej Gadileya" Brekhov rau ob txhais ceg suffers ib tug me plawv nres, raws li, los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, nws noj qab haus huv qub, thiab nws tau tuag ntawm ib tug loj heev lub plawv yuav nres lub yim hli ntuj 10, 1956.

Ntawm no nyob rau hauv no thiab nws yog ua tau kom tiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm "Breht Bertold: biography lub neej dab neeg." Nws tsuas tseem mus ntxiv tias nyob rau hauv kuv tag nrho lub neej, qhov no amazing txiv neej sau ntau phau ntawv sau tej hauj lwm. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu rau nws plays, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau saum toj, nws yog "Baal" (1918), "Ib tug txiv neej yog ib tug txiv neej" (1920), "Cov neej ntawm Galileo" (1939), "Cov Caucasian cwj mem av dawb" thiab ntau, ntau lwm tus neeg.