Bogolyubskaya icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv (duab). Peb yuav tsum thov Vajtswv li cas?

Paub ntau Russians Bogolyubovo icon ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv no yog hu ua tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj icons nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lub tsev teev ntuj Cuab yeej cuab tam. Nws tau sau ntawv yuav luag ib txhiab xyoo dhau los, muaj ntau yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia muaj feem xyuam nrog nws, thiab ntau ntau txuj ci tseem ceeb vim yog nws lub hwj chim muaj hwj chim. Txog nws qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg Lavxias yog pom los ntawm ntau lub npe (cov ntawv luam) los ntawm thawj daim duab, thiab qhov tseeb tias tib neeg xav ua qhov kev cai no nrog kev thov Vajtswv txawm hnub no. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub icon, nws tseem ceeb rau cov ntseeg - qhov tsab xov xwm no.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov tsos ntawm lub icon

Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nyob rau hauv 1157 Suzdal Grand tub huabtais Andrey Yuryevich Dolgoruky yog nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev los ntawm lub Upper Hauv lub zos nyob rau hauv Suzdal, nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas nws twb nrog lub icon of Our pojniam ntawm Vladimir. Lub Rau Hli 18, 10 mais ntawm Vladimir, lub tsheb nres nres nres dheev thiab, txawm tias cov dag zog ntawm cov nees, lawv tsis tswj kom tsiv nws. Tus thawj coj ntawm tus tub huabtais tau tsoo ib qho marquee hauv qhov chaw no. Lub sijhawm thaum thov Vajtswv, Vajtswv Dawb Huv ntawm Vajtswv tau tshwm sim rau tus thawj coj thiab txib kom nws mus teem sijhawm rau pawg ntseeg ntawm Bogolyubsky icon ntawm Leej Niam, uas muaj npe nyob rau ntawm nws lub caij Christmas, thiab Vladimir lub rooj sibtham kom pauv mus rau Vladimir.

Tus tub huabtais, tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim, kom lub tsev hais plaub icon painters sau cov duab ntawm nkauj xwb rau lub rooj tsavxwm ntawm cypress hauv daim ntawv uas nws tau tshwm sim rau nws thaum thov Vajtswv. Yog li ntawd, Bogotaubsky icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv tshwm, tus yees duab ntawm uas yog qhia hauv qab no. Nyob rau ntawm no lub cim Theotokos sau ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov siab, nrog tsa tes hauv kev thov Vajtswv thiab nrog ib lub ntsej muag uas ntsib Leej Tub. Nyob rau sab xis ntawm nws sab xis nws yog ib txoj kev nyeem nrog txoj kev thov Vajtswv sau rau tus Tswv. Cov duab ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb Mary xwm icons uas nrog cov neeg pej xeem Duke nyob rau hauv nws cov lus - Tswv Yexus Khetos, Vladimir Icon ntawm thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Michael thiab Gabriel thiab Ioanna Predtechi.

Kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Bogolyubsk Icon

Thaum xub thawj Bogolyubskaya icon ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv pom nws qhov chaw nyob rau Bogolyubovo, nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev teev ntuj ua los ntawm tus tub huabtais nyob rau ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb, ua ke nrog Vladimir icon. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias thaum tom ntej ntawm lub icon ntawm Vladimir, Bogolyubskaya coj los ntawm nws miraculous hwj chim, ua tsis muaj tsawg revered.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub ntawm Orthodox hnub caiv hais tshaj 260 Revered icons ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv, muaj miraculous hwj chim, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev muaj ntau tshaj 860 yam ntawm nws. Rau ntau icons, lawv hnub ntawm kev ua koob tsheej yog teem, rau lawv lawv thov Vajtswv, akathists thiab troparia yog sau. Txhua lub cim ntawm Blessed Virgin tau nws cov nyhuv: ib tug heals, lwm tiv thaiv, qhov peb pab nyob rau hauv tsev neeg affairs.

Muaj ib hnub ntawm kev pe hawm thiab Bogolyubskaya icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv. Kev ua koob tsheej yuav siv sijhawm rau Lub Rau Hli 18, Art. Style thiab Lub Rau Hli 1 - nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshiab. Nyob rau hnub no lwm cov dluab ntawm Bogolyubsk icon kuj tau teev ntuj: Moscow, Zimarovskaya, Uglichskaya, Kozlovskaya, Yuryevskaya, Elatomskaya, Tula, Tarusa, Usmanskaya Bogolyubskaya icon ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv, cov duab uas tau hais nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Qhov chaw ntawm lub cim

Raws li twb tau hais los saum no, thaum thawj lub cim no yog nyob rau hauv pawg ntseeg ntawm Nativity ntawm Theotokos, ua los ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv Dolgoruky. Tom qab lub tuam tsev no tau tsim los ntawm Bogolyubsky Monastery, nyob rau hauv uas lub icon yog mus txog thaum nws kaw thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Txawm li cas los, tom qab lub monastery raug kaw, nws tau khaws cia rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Joachim thiab Anna ntawm lub nroog ntawm Vladimir. Txij li thaum 1946 cov duab yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos ntawm Vladimir. Nyob rau hauv 1992 nws twb pauv mus rau Knyaginin Assumption Monastery, thiab nyob rau hauv 2009 twb raug xa mus rau lub hloov tshiab (restoration) nyob rau hauv lub Vladimir-Suzdal Tsev khaws puav pheej Bogolyubovo icon ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv, nyob qhov twg nws yog hnub no.

Hom kev cim duab

Iconography nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog hais txog kev txais yuav los ntawm cov cai thiab cov qauv hauv cov duab ntawm cov duab lossis cov xwm txheej.

Nyob rau hauv lub depiction ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb muaj ntau ntau zoo paub lub iconographic hom:

• Oranta (duab ntawm Virgin Mary nrog nws txhais tes tsa nrog outwardly xib teg thiab nrog tus me nyuam rau nws ob txhais tes - cim symbolism intercession).
• Eleusa (daim duab ntawm tus nkauj xwb nrog tus menyuam mos rau ntawm nws txhais tes, nias nws sab plhu rau sab plhu ntawm Niam - lub cim qhia txog Vajtswv txoj kev hlub tshaj plaws rau cov neeg).
• Hodegetria (daim duab ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb nyob rau lub zwm txwv nrog tus menyuam hauv nws txhais tes tuav lub nqhis, nrog nws txoj cai txhais tes hauv nws cov kev taw qhia, cim cov kev teev hawm ntawm tus menyuam mos).
• Panahranata (daim duab ntawm lub Virgin Mary nyob rau lub zwm txwv nrog tus mos ab ntawm nws txhais tes nrog nws sab tes xis nyob rau hauv nws cov kev taw qhia - cim lub greatness ntawm lub Virgin)
• Agiosoritissa (daim duab ntawm Blessed nkauj xwb tsis muaj me nyuam nyob rau hauv ib qho kev thov kev pabcuam posture - cim cim rau kev thov Vajtswv rau tib neeg).

Iconography ntawm daim duab

Bogolyubskaya icon ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv yog hais txog qhov kawg iconographic hom - Agiosoritissa, tab sis nws muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov duab depictions ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb. Hauv particular, nws muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm Odigitria thiab Oranta. Nyob rau hauv lub nras, uas yog nyob rau ntawm txhais tes ntawm Niam Huab Tais, kev thov Vajtswv yog sau tseg, hais rau tus Tswv ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm neeg ntiaj teb. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias cov ntawv nyeem sau rau ntawm daim ntawv no, hloov txhua txhua lub sij hawm kho tshiab ntawm lub icons.

Bogolyubskaya Niam ntawm Vaj tswv yog zoo li cov dluab ntawm nkauj xwb, nteg tawm hauv mosaics hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov raug Maria, nyob hauv lub nroog Palermo. Zoo sib xws yuav ua tau rau cov duab uas yuav raug nyob rau hauv Fresco ntawm Mirozhsky Monastery nyob hauv Pskov, zoo li lub ntsej muag ntawm Virgin Mary nyob rau hauv lub compositions "Kawg txiav txim siab" thiab "Lub Sentence". Muab cov lus qhia no, cov neeg sau keeb kwm xaus lus tias thawj tus neeg sau ntawm lub cim no yog Byzantine icon neeg nyiam tuaj rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Prince Dolgoruky thiab rov qab mus rau nws teb chaws tom qab.

Paub cov npe npe

Lo lus "sau" nyob ntawm no muaj tus nqi ntawm ib daim ntawv sau los ntawm tus tseem cia nrog.
Lub siab veneration ntawm lub icon yog evidenced los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo txhiab lub xeem neeg Russians tsim kaum ob ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawm nws, muaj saws nws cov miraculous hwj chim. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv no series yog Moscow, Uglich thiab Zimarov icons ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv (Bogolyubskaya). Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cim icons rau cov neeg Lavxias yog zoo: ua ntej lawv tau thov Vajtswv thaum muaj kev sib cav sib ceg, kev ntxias ntawm neeg txawv teb chaws, cov kab mob tuag taus.

Moscow

Moscow icon qhia txog tus ntxhais nkauj ntawm nws txhais tes, thov Vajtswv rau Leej Tub, thiab ua ntej nws, txhos caug, sawv cov neeg ntseeg. Daim ntawv no tau tshwm sim rau qhov tseeb tias nws tau txais kev cawmdim Muscovites los ntawm cov kab mob phem heev ntawm kab mob plague hauv 1771. Txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Bogolyubsky cim ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv hauv Moscow yog nyob rau pawg ntseeg ntawm Petus thiab Povlauj.

Zimarovskaya

Zimar lub cim qhia tau tias Blessed nkauj xwb tsis muaj me nyuam, puv ntoob, ntsib Leej Tub, foom koob hmoov rau nws los ntawm ntuj ceeb tsheej. Lub cim tseem ceeb rau nws lub peev xwm los kho neeg los ntawm cov kab mob loj - mob kis kab mob, mob caj pas. Mus txog 1925 lub cim nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Zimarovo Ryazan thaj av, tab sis tom qab 1925 nws tau xiam, thiab txij thaum ntawd los nws cov nyob qhov twg tsis paub.

Uglich

Nws tau sau nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, thiab 200 xyoo tom qab ntawd lub icon tau pauv mus rau ib qhov chaw tshiab. Lub icon yog nto moo rau qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Uglich cov neeg tuaj ntawm pestilence nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Niaj hnub no, lub icon yog nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Uglich, nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Dmitry.

Dab tsi yog lawv thov Vajtswv rau ua ntej ntawm Bogolyubsky icon?

Lub Theotokos yeej ib txwm ua sawv ua ntej uas yog tus pab cuam ntawm nws thiab tus Tswv. Cov lus thov ntawm Bogolyubsky Icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv feem ntau muaj daim ntawv thov rau kev cawmdim ntawm tus txiv neej los ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev puas tsuaj, lub teb chaws txoj kev sib cav thiab kev thuam tawm tsam cov neeg, hluav taws hauv hav zoov thiab cov teb, los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab kev txom nyem, los ntawm cov kab mob tuag taus, los ntawm dej nyab, kev cua dub thiab kev tuaj yeem, Aggressors los ntawm lwm lub xeev thiab los ntawm kev sib ntaus kev sib ntaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg taug kev tuaj yeem thov lub cim ntawm txoj kev vam meej rau txoj kev, thiab cov niam tsev thov kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lawv cov me nyuam hauv ib lub teb chaws.

Preservation ntawm Icon hauv peb hnub

Qhov kawg restoration nqa tawm ices thawj daim duab ntawm Bogolyubsky icon, ua nyob rau hauv unusually colourful xim. Yog li, cov ris tsho ntawm Virgin Mary yog xwm txheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ntsuab-grey chiton thiab ib tug cib maforium. Lub qhov muag ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv yog xiav thiab nws lub puab tsaig yog qhov txawv txav. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no lub cim pib paub tsis ntev los no. Mus txog rau tam sim no, thawj daim duab ntawm cov hauj lwm no tau raug muab zais los ntawm ntau cov xim ntawm cov xim muaj hlau thiab cov pa, tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov qub qub.

Qhov tseeb hais tias lub tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab icon yog nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog sau rov qab hauv 1915 los ntawm tus naas ej Byzantinist N.P. Kondakov. Ua tsaug rau nws cov lus, qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev tshwm sim tau ua tiav thaum xyoo 1918. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1946, tus kws kho dua tshiab F.A.Modorov tau siv qhov "strengthening" ntawm cov xim muaj hlau nrog ib txheej paraffin hauv cov tshuab tsis zoo, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau hauv lub xeev ntawm txoj haujlwm. Yog li, nyob rau xyoo 1956, lub cim tau pauv mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej uas cov neeg ua haujlwm tau pom zoo tias qhov kub ciab casting tau hnyav dua qhov kev txuas ntawm cov xim rau hauv av. Yog li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab los tshem tawm cov txheej kab tawm ntawm daim duab. Tau 20 xyoo, lub tsev cia puav pheej qub tau ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm lub cim los ntawm paraffin, tab sis qhov kev nyuaj siab lub xeev ntawm kev ua pa thiab xim muaj lub sijhawm ntawd ua tsis tau.

Lub xeev ntawm lub icon worsened txawm ntau tom qab nws tau muab cia rau hauv lub Assumption Cathedral nyob rau hauv Vladimir, nrog ib tug ua txhaum ntawm kub thiab humidity tsoom fwv los ntawm lub negligence ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv 2009, lub icon tau pauv mus rau Vladimir-Suzdal Museum, qhov twg lub xeev ntawm lub icon tau pom zoo raws li kev puas tsuaj.

Niaj hnub no Bogolyubsky icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv yog khaws cia rau hauv ib chav tshwj xeeb uas tau nruab chav ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab cov neeg ua noj ua haus tsis cog lus tuaj rau nws kom pom nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Temples ntawm Russia muaj npe tom qab Bogolyubsky icon

Nyob rau hauv Russia, peb cathedrals tau ua: lub Cathedral ntawm lub Bogolyubsky Icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Bogolyubovo Suzdal koog tsev kawm ntawv, Michurinsk Michurinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv Tver - nyob rau hauv lub Vysokopetrovsky monastery.

Ntxiv rau cov cathedrals, 12 chapels ntawm Bogolyubsk icon tau ua nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws - piv txwv li nyob rau hauv Dobrynino (Sobinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv), hauv Pavlovsk (Yuryev-Pavlovsky cheeb tsam), nyob rau hauv Shustino (Kolchuginsky koog tsev kawm ntawv), Boldino (Petushinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv), nyob rau hauv Ivanovo thiab Tarusa, nrog rau. Teterinskoye (Nerekhtsky koog tsev kawm ntawv), nyob rau hauv Krasnoyarsk thiab lwm cov Lavxias zos thiab lub zos. Moscow Chapel Bogoliubsk Leej niam ntawm Vajtswv yog nyob rau Kalitnikovskaya tojntxas nyob rau hauv Davydkovo thiab barbarous pej thuam.

Ntxiv rau lub cathedrals, 69 pawg ntseeg tau tsa nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm lub icon.

Temples ntawm Moscow, uas qhia iconolysk icon

Nyob rau hauv Moscow, Moscow Bogolyubsk icon ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv yog pehawm, nyob saum lub rooj vag ntawm Tuam Tshoj-nroog. Cov rooj vag no nyob ze ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Peter thiab Paul ntawm lub qhov rooj Yauzsky hauv Kulishki, ntawm Petropavlovskiy txoj kab 4, lub tsev 6.
Lub Moscow icon tau sau nyob rau hauv ib xyoos nrog tus thawj - hauv 1157. Nyob rau hauv hnub ntawm kev ua koob tsheej, lub icon yog muab tshem tawm rau peb hnub los ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab ua kev thov Vajtswv pab nrog nws.