Sib Nqus Levitation: txheej txheem cej luam, cov yam ntxwv thiab cov piv txwv

Raws li peb paub, lub ntiaj teb, vim tam sim no lub ntiaj teb no kev txiav txim, muaj ib tug tej yam gravitational teb, thiab cov tib neeg npau suav yeej ib txwm tau mus kov yeej nws los ntawm kev txhais tau tias. Sib Nqus Levitation - lub sij hawm ntau heev tshaj xa mus rau txhua hnub muaj tiag.

Chiv, nws txhais tau tias cov hypothetical muaj peev xwm mysteriously kov yeej lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab txav neeg los yog tej khoom nyob rau hauv cov huab cua tsis accessories. Tam sim no, txawm li cas los, lub sij hawm "sib nqus levitation" yog twb heev scientific.

Tsim ob peb lub tswv yim, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv no phenomenon. Thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev cov lus cog tseg rau yav tom ntej lub caij rau cov ntau yam siv. Txawm li cas los, lub magnetic levitation ua tsis yog khawv koob tricks, thiab siv heev ua tau nyob rau hauv physics, namely uas kawm magnetic teb thiab txhua yam uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog lawv.

Heev me ntsis kev tshawb xav

Cov neeg nyob deb muab tshem tawm los ntawm science, muaj ib tug xaav hais tias cov magnetic levitation yog coj davhlau magnet. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no lub sij hawm yog meant kov yeej lub ntiajteb txawj nqus kawm siv ib tug sib nqus teb. Ib tug ntawm nws tus yam ntxwv yog cov magnetic siab, nws cia li siv rau "nriaj" nrog rau cov hauv ntiajteb no attraction.

Cias muab, thaum lub ntiajteb txawj nqus cia li nkaum kiag tus kwv, qhov sib nqus siab yog hais li ntawd tias nws yog repelled los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab - txog li. Yog li ntawd, yog ib tug levitation magnet. Lub crux ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov kev tshawb xav yog hais tias ib tug zoo li qub teb yog tsis ruaj tsis khov thiab tsis tsom rau ntawm ib tug muab point, yog li ntawd zoo thaum nws lub attraction tsis tau heev. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau koom haum pab hais uas muab ib tug dynamic magnetic teb stability, li ntawd, cov hlau nplaum levitation phenomenon yog kev. Raws li stabilizers txawv txoj kev yog siv rau nws. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho - fais tam sim no los ntawm ib tug superconductor, tab sis muaj lwm yam uas nyob rau hauv daim teb no.

Kev levitation

Ua tau, lub magnetic ntau yam hais txog ib tug dav heev lub sij hawm los mus kov yeej lub gravitational rub. Yog li ntawd, kev levitation: ib tug saib xyuas ntawm txoj kev (heev nyuag).

Nrog magnetic technology, peb zoo li yuav tsum tau to taub, tiam sis yog tseem yog ib tug hluav taws xob txoj kev. Tsis zoo li cov thawj, tus thib ob yuav siv tau los muab cov khoom ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv - tsuas yog magnetized) txawm dielectrics. Faib li electrostatic thiab electrodynamic levitation.

Cov tau tus hais nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub teeb mus nqa tawm lub zog yog tseem xav tias yuav Kepler. Ib lub teeb siab muaj pov thawj Lebedev. Lub particle tsab ntawv tsa suab nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb qhov chaw (kho qhov muag levitation) photophoresis hu ua zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab - tsis zoo.

Levitation cua, tsis zoo li tus kho qhov muag yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no hnub technologies. Incidentally, lub "cushion" - ib qho ntawm nws ntau ntau yam. Qhov yooj yim airbag tau yooj yim heev - ib cov cab kuj substrate thiab ib tug plurality ntawm qhov drilled los ntawm lawv, compressed cua tshuab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov huab cua nqa quab yuam sib npaug rau hauv lub ceeb thawj ntawm lub kawm, thiab nws hovers nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.

Xeem lub npe hu rau science nyob rau ntawm no point txoj kev - levitation siv acoustic tsis.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib co piv txwv ntawm magnetic levitation?

Visionaries npau suav ntawm ib tug portable ntaus ntawv qhov luaj li cas ntawm ib lub hnab ev uas yuav "levitate" ib tug txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub tsim nyog cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas. Science tau noj ib tug txawv txoj kev, ib tug ntau cov tswv yim thiab ua tau - yog tsim los ntawm ib tug lub tsheb ciav hlau mus rau ib tug sib nqus levitation.

Keeb kwm Supertrain

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, siv ib tug linear lub cev muaj zog, yuav tsum yog (thiab txawm patented) German engineer thiab inventor Alfred Zeyn. Thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv 1902. Tom qab hais tias, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm electromagnetic ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab tsheb ciav hlau nruab nrog lawv, nyob punctually: 1906 Franklin Scott Smith muaj lwm tsab, nruab nrab ntawm 1937 thiab 1941. ib tug xov tooj ntawm patents rau tib lub ntsiab lus yog Hermann Kemper, thiab ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej lub Briton Eric Leyzveyt tsim ib tug ua hauj lwm tsab ntawm lub cav nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov loj. Nyob rau hauv lub 60s nws kuj tau koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob taug Hovercraft, uas yog ua qhov tseem high-ceev tsheb ciav hlau, tab sis nws tsis ua li, vim hais tias vim tsis muaj nyiaj nyob rau hauv 1973, peb tes num twb muab tso tseg.

Tsuas yog rau xyoo tom qab, dua nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, ua tau magnetic levitation tsheb ciav hlau, nrhiav tau ib tug daim ntawv tso cai rau cov neeg nrog caij thauj. Tus khiav, pw nyob rau hauv Hamburg, muaj ib tug ntev ntawm tsawg tshaj li ib kilometer, tab sis lub tswv yim yog inspired los ntawm ib haiv neeg yog li ntawd lub tsheb ciav hlau yog ua thiab tom qab lub exhibition, muaj mus nqa 50,000 cov neeg rau peb lub hlis. Cov kev ceev ntawm nws, los ntawm niaj hnub qauv, yog tsis yog li ntawd zoo kawg - tsuas yog 75 km / h.

Tsis Fair, thiab coj mus muag maglev (li ntawd lawv hu lub tsheb ciav hlau, siv ib tug magnet), shuttling ntawm lub tshav dav hlau thiab lub railway chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv Birmingham txij li thaum 1984, thiab tau tuav nws post rau 11 xyoo. Qhov ntev yog txawm me me, tsuas yog 600 m, thiab cob qhia tshaj qhov web mus txog 1.5 cm.

Japanese version

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lub hype txog magnetic levitation tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe subsided. Tab sis los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub 90 lub lawv yog nquag xav nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug high-tech lub teb chaws zoo li teb chaws Nyiv Pooj. Nws lub teb chaws yog twb muab ib co zoo nkauj uas nws kim heev kev taug, uas ya maglev siv khiav cov phenomenon ntawm magnetic levitation. Lawv yuav mus rau tib lub teb chaws thiab ceev cov ntaub ntawv teev los ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau. Qhov kawg ntawm lawv tsom cov kev ceev tsis pub tshaj ntawm ntau tshaj 550 km / h.

Ntxiv zeem muag ntawm

Nyob rau hauv ib tes, lawv muaj peev xwm yog txaus nyiam maglev ceev mus: raws li cov lus teb ntawm theorists, lawv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej rau overclock mus txog 1000 kilometers moos. Tom qab lawv actuates ib tug sib nqus levitation thiab cheeb tsuas huab cua kuj. Yog li ntawd muab lub siab tshaj plaws aerodynamic qhia txog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab zoo heev thiaj li nws feem. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, vim lub fact tias lawv tsis kov cov kev tsheb nqaj hlau, lub coj ntawm tej u yog cov tsis tshua qeeb, uas yog kev lag kev luam lig heev.

Lwm plus - txo lub suab nrov nyhuv: lub Maglev txav yuav luag twj ywm lawm pa u. Cov lawm kuj yog lawv siv cov hluav taws xob, yog li kom txhob muaj tej yam nyob rau hauv qhov thiab qhov ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub sib nqus levitation tsheb ciav hlau muaj peev xwm los mus kov yeej lub steeper slopes, thiab nws eliminates qhov xav tau rau tso lub railway kab bypassing toj thiab descents.

Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv Zog

Tsis muaj tsawg interesting tswv yim orientation yuav suav hais tias coob leej ntau tus siv ntawm magnetic bearings nyob rau hauv tseem ceeb ntshav mechanisms. Lawv installation daws ib tug tseem ceeb teeb meem pib cov ntaub ntawv uas coj.

Raws li koj paub, lub classic bearings hnav tawm haum sai sai - lawv tas li muaj siab txhua yam loads. Nyob rau hauv ib co chaw, qhov yuav tsum tau los hloov cov qhov chaw txhais tau tias tsis tau tsuas yog ib co nqi ntxiv, tab sis kuj yog ib tug siab yuav raug rau cov neeg uas ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub mechanism. Sib Nqus bearings yog peev xwm ua hauj ntau lub sij hawm ntev, yog li ntawd lawv daim ntawv thov yog heev haum rau tej huab tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv nuclear fais fab, cua los yog technology industries, nrog heev tsawg / kub.

aircraft

Qhov teeb meem ntawm yuav ua li cas los mus siv magnetic levitation, ib tug tsim nyog lo lus nug tshwm sim: thaum twg, thaum kawg, yuav tsum ua thiab xa mus rau hnyav noob neej ib tug tag nrho cov aircraft, uas yuav siv magnetic levitation? Tseeb, anecdotal pov thawj hais tias xws li "UFO" muaj muaj. Noj, piv txwv li, lub Indian "Vimana" ancient era los yog twb los ze zog rau peb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm piv Hitler "diskolety" siv, xws li txoj kev ntawm Workers electromagnetic nqa. Fwm heev drawings thiab txawm cov duab ntawm uas twb muaj lawm ua qauv. Cov lus nug tseem: yuav ua li cas muab tag nrho cov tswv yim no mus rau hauv kev muaj tiag? Tab sis, ces tsis dhau zaum prototypes nyob rau hauv niaj hnub inventors nws tsis mus. Los sis tej zaum nws tseem yog ib yam nkaus thiab tsis pub leejtwg paub ntxiv?