Bologna system

Bologna system xeeb ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem raws li ib tug tsiaj ntawv cov lus teb rau cov globalization ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Los ntawm lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no twb tau teev tseg rau hauv lub preconditions rau cov creation ntawm ib tug tib nyiaj txiag, nyiaj txiag, thiab nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab cov nom tswv qhov chaw, yog li ntawd muaj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau kev sib haum xeeb thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm tus kheej.

Qhov ntau haiv thiab fragmentation, uas txawv nyob rau hauv lub kawm ntawv qib siab system, cia txoj kev sib sau ntawm ib qho ntawm lub qhov chaw hauv lub Laus ntiaj teb, thiab tus qauv ntawm lub tshiab cov teb chaws Europe assumed lub unimpeded zog ntawm ob ua hauj lwm thiab capital thiab cov khoom, uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav tsum tau muaj kev sib piv thiab ib tug qauv diploma.

Uas yog vim li cas lub Bologna system raug tsim, nyob rau hauv uas tau kos mus txog thiab cov qauv rau cov tiam tom ntej ntawm kev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv particular rau ib ob-theem kawm: nyob rau hauv ib tug bachelor degree thiab ib tug master degree.

Mus kawm ntawv qib siab nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug system, ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv, kawm rau ib lossis ob semesters nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws yuav tsum tau mus ntxiv lawv txoj kev kawm mus rau lwm tus, thiab tsis muaj prejudice rau lawv txoj kev kawm. Ua li no, nws tsum tau kho tshiab European ib scale credits. Thiab yog li ntawd ib zaug xwb standard twb qhia: "cov qhab nia" los ntawm cov uas kwv yees li cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm complexity ntawm cov kev kawm, thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov, muab los ntawm ib tug diploma, ua ke nrog, paub meej txoj kev kawm ntawv nws tau txais. Txhua xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb sau raws nkaus Ii 60 credits.

Bologna system yuav tsum tau ib tug ntshiab standardization ntawm tag nrho cov me nyuam kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv uas paub meej tias qhov zoo thiab qhov ntawm nrhiav kev txawj ntse. Nws yog ib cov kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau muab kev ua hauj lwm rau cov pej xeem ntawm teb chaws Europe, tau txais kawm ntawv qib siab, raws li tau zoo raws li yuav ua tau kom lawv competitiveness ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb.

Nws pom hais tias baccalaureate kawm tiav yuav tsim lub ib thooj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev ua ub no, thiab cov kawm tiav - cov kev txawj ntse tseem ceeb, uas yog tswv lub vos-profile paub txog tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Bologna system tso cai rau koj mus muab cov mas yuav kis tau paub. Piv txwv li, cov menyuam kawm ntawv tej zaum yuav Bachelor ib muaj nuj nqi, thiab ib tug master degree tau txais lwm hais tias xaus qhov kev xyaum kom txog thaum nyuam qhuav them system tau txais lub thib ob tag.

Bologna system ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia tau muab ntau yam kev pab cuam uas zoo cuam tshuam rau lub teb chaws, ib tug neeg thiab cov chaw haujlwm theem. Niaj hnub no, peb lub teb chaws, raws li ib tug tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm tus txheej txheem, tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug ntau active cawv rau cov nyob sab Europe high school cov kev kawm.

Ib qho tseem ceeb kom zoo dua, uas tau coj nrog nws lub Bologna system, tau ua tus dag ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai. Tam sim no muaj ntau yam ntau cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe muaj lub sij hawm los kawm Lavxias teb sab lus, kom tau ntsib nrog rau cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab kawm ntawv qib siab.

Yog tsis muaj ib tug tsis ntseeg, tsa thiab prestige ntawm Lavxias teb sab kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tsev, uas yog tam sim no guaranteed xa lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm rau ib semester los yog ib tug tag nrho lub xyoo kawm ntawv mus kawm nyob rau ntawm lub European universities, cov neeg koom tes, thiab muaj zog lawv attractiveness rau menyuam kawm ntawv.

Coj lawv qhia neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws cov tsev kawm ntawv kev qhia ntawv, universities twb tau mus tiag tiag txhim kho cov kev txawj ntse ntawm lawv cov xib fwb.

Heev sai sai no nws yuav tsum tau significantly nce thiab qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm peb cov xib fwb los yog tus menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lwm hom lus, uas yuav qhib rau lawv nkag tau mus rau lub tseem thiab tsis mus siv tau rau txawv teb chaws ntawv, tsis tsuas yog rau cov kev, journalistic thiab txawj.

Txawm li cas los, los ntawm kos npe rau Bologna tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv 2003, peb lub teb chaws tau nug hais tias tus Lavxias teb sab science kab zauv uas muaj ntau unknowns. Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw - nws yog lub peev xwm kom tau khaws cia rau hauv lub sawv ntawm qhov nrov thoob lub ntiaj teb no peb yooj yim science, thiab tib ob, lub uncertainty txog cov tsi xam pom nyob rau hauv lub Bologna qauv ntawm kev kawm ntawv sib tw, raws li zoo raws li kev ntshai tias lub hnub nyoog kawg no bachelor degree kawm tiav yuav ua commonplace filling niches scarce hnub no ua hauj lwm kev txawj ntse.