Caryatid - ib tug architectural caij, uas yog nrov nyob rau hauv tej style

Caryatid - yog lub npe ntawm tus architectural txhua, uas coj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug poj niam daim duab. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws piv txwv muaj nyob rau hauv sab qab teb lawj ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm lub Erechtheion rau lub Acropolis nyob rau hauv Athens.

ancient legends

Nyob rau hauv lub Hellenistic kab lis kev cai "caryatid" - ib tug nkauj xwb ntawm cariÃ, nto moo lub tuam tsev Peloponnese. Brown fij tseg rau tus vajtswv poj niam Artemis. Raws li Caryatids, nws zoo siab, seev cev ntawm cov Walnut ntoo nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm cariÃ. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, tus ntxhais nkauj xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug ecstatic seev cev nqa rau lawv cov taub hau baskets ntawm freshly hlais reeds. Lawv portrayed lub nroj tsuag las voos.

Roman kes duab vajtse Vitruvius yuav tsum caryatid - ib tug qhev. Vitruvius pom yuav ua li cas lawv yog siv raws li kab nyob rau hauv lub Ionic architecture. Tab sis lub caryatid - nws hloov zuj zuj Persian kem. Cov Pawxia, tab sis yog, tau siv los pab txhawb cov tsiaj vaj tse.

Erechtheion

Lub rau nto moo tshaj plaws caryatids txhawb lub ru tsev ntawm sab qab teb lawj ntawm lub Erechtheion cuav rau lub Athenian Acropolis. Lub tuam tsev no yog ua los ntawm Pericles txawm ntawm 421-406 xyoo BC. e. kev pab ancient ntoo kev cai dab qhuas duab puab Athens. Nws kuj tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm kev teev hawm cov Erechtheus (mythical huab tais ntawm Athens) thiab nws cov kwv tij, xws li Poseidon. Cov caryatids khaub ncaws ntub hom thiab stick mus rau lub cev. Cov kev cai ntawm ob txhais ceg thiab ncej puab yog bold thiab dynamic. Peb ntawm lawv yog leaning lub cev nyob rau txoj cai ko taw, thiab lwm yam - nyob rau sab laug. Hairstyles yog tseem ceeb heev. Lawv yog cov hnyav thiab bulky, tsim lug txhim khu cov feem ntau insecure qhov chaw - lub caj dab tej daim, uas dauv ib tug loj load. Ob txhais tes sculptures, hmoov tsis, tau poob. Los ntawm tseem muaj sia nyob Roman cov ntawv luam yuav tsum tau pom hais tias txoj cai txhais tes tuav lub me me cov hlab ntsha rau libations, thiab rau sab laug txaus siab thiab me ntsis tsa lawv tej khaub ncaws. Nws yog assumed tias lawv yog txiav nyob rau hauv txawv sculptors Rhiav Alcamo, ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Phidias. Interestingly, qhov no yog lub lawj sawv dua lub qhov ntxa ntawm cov mythical huab tais Cecrops. Cov kev siv ntawm tus caryatids, tej zaum yuav tau ib tug tribute rau nws nco. Tam sim no cov kauj ruam yog lawv cov ntawv luam. Tsib thawj caryatids yog nyob rau hauv lub Acropolis Tsev khaws puav pheej, qhov uas lawv muaj peev xwm yuav xyuas los ntawm tag nrho cov sab, thiab lub thib rau - cov British Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv London. Ntsiab lus cov lus los ntawm cov keeb kwm, peb yuav hais tias caryatid - ib tug zoo nkauj keeb nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm txhua, uas tej zaum kuj muaj ib tug kabmob muaj nuj nqi.

Renaissance thiab tshaj

Thaum lub sij hawm no lawv pib siv nyob rau hauv lub interiors nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm fireplaces. Nyob rau hauv lub Baroque lub sij hawm lawv yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Scotland raws li ib tug overmantel nyob rau hauv lub zoo nrog rau lub tsev fuabtais Mitchells. Nyob rau hauv lub lig German Baroque caryatids nyob rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais Sanssouci Frederick lub Great nyob rau hauv lub Schloss. Pej thuam hnav khaub ncaws poj niam kuj tau pib yuav tsum tau siv raws li ob txhais ceg rau cov ntxhuav, txee thiab ceg txawb tswm ciaj.

Faj tim teb chaws style muab nws lub xim rau cov zoo nkauj keeb. cov artist lub tswv yim txuas ntxiv mus nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug poj niam zoo nkauj uas muaj ib tug txheej ntawm ntuj.

Nyob rau hauv 1881, Ogyust Roden sculpted pob zeb poob nyob rau hauv lub qhov hnyav daim duab caryatids. Nws tsuas pom ib lub nra hnyav rau ib tug hluas nkauj, uas yog tseem ua tau li.

Txiv neej counterpart caryatids

Nws muaj ob lub npe: Telamon thiab Atlanta. Cov thawj lub npe, lub caij nyoog lub npe, lub ntsiab lus "cov nyiaj them yug" los yog "kev pab txhawb nqa". Nws yog tus mythical tus tub ntawm Aeacus thiab cov Aeneid. Nws yog tus vajntxwv Salamis. Qhov no ua kis las nws zaum ntawm lub oars thaum lub Argonauts ua raws li cov Chais ya cov plaub, nws koom nyob rau hauv Calydonian yos hav zoov rau tsiaj qus npua teb, twb harassing cov neeg zej zog, uas tau yeej Theseus.

Atlant tib yam - nws yog mighty Titan, uas tuas nyob rau hauv nws lub xub pwg nyom lub tsev ceev nyiaj ntawm saum ntuj ceeb tsheej. Yog ua tau, yog hais tias xws li ib tug tsim txom rau nws? Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas nws yog hnyav, ua siab loj thiab ua siab ntev cia nws ua kom nws. Nyob rau hauv Greek mythology, nws twb muab mus rau hauv pob zeb los yog pob zeb.

paired duab puab

Atlanta thiab caryatids adorn lub facades ntawm vaj tse, kev pab txhawb nqa balconies, kom muaj raws li ib tug zoo nkauj muaj nuj nqi. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo yog cov Atlanteans txhawb lub portico ntawm lub Tshiab Hermitage nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Chiv, raws li kes duab lub vajtse L. Klenze, nws yuav tsum tau kom caryatids. Tab sis qhov no peb tes num twb muab tso tseg, thiab yim xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1848, AI Terebenev tsim kaum sculptures ntawm Atlantis tsaus granite mined nyob rau hauv lub mine ntawm lub pas dej Ladoga. Lawv sawv ntsug nyob rau hauv ib tug pedestal ua los ntawm Karelian ntxhib-grained granite. Ua hauj lwm rau lub sculptures yog rau ob lub xyoos. Sculptor thawj ua ntawm pob zeb yuav siv sij hawm txog ib puas thiab tsib caug masons. Lub tiav lawm ua hauj lwm tau tshwm sim los universal admiration. Atlanta thiab caryatids yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub classical style. Common txawv yog hais tias lub Atlanteans txhawb lub entablature ob txhais tes thiab caryatids nqa nws nyob rau hauv lub taub hau. Qhia ntxiv txog lub tswvyim ntawm "entablature".

Architecture: Hais ntawm cov vaj tse

Fabkis lo lus "entablature" txhais tau tias lub qab nthab ua los ntawm kab teeb. Nws muaj architrave, Frieze thiab Cornice. Nyob rau hauv architecture, lub architrave muaj ob lub ntsiab:

• ib tug crossbeam, uas yog muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm cov kab ntawm keeb los yog qhov rais, nws yog nyob rau hauv sab saum toj;
• Cov tib beam, uas yog pw nyob rau hauv lub capitals ntawm lub kab, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog rau ntau yam kev txiav txim, piv txwv li lub canonical nuj nqis.

Niaj hnub nimno siv caryatids

Greeks tau tshwm sim los ua caryatids ntxhais los ntawm Kariya. Hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws, lawv sculptures khaws cia lub tsev. Qhov no kev lig kev cai tseem. Tiam sis feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub sawv nyob rau theem ntawm lub xyoo pua architecture, es tsis txhob ntawm marble los yog pob zeb siv qhob steklokompozit. Hauv tsev siv ntoo los yog plaster.

Nyob rau hnub no, thiab lub Atlanteans thiab caryatids nyob rau hauv coob nyob rau hauv niaj hnub architecture. Eclecticism, Art Nouveau, Neo-Renaissance - lawv yog cov tau qhov txhia chaw. Lub Scope ntawm lawv style tsis yig. Lub tswv yim ntawm cov artist, uas siv rau lawv, yog tsis kaw, thiab thim kev tshoov siab los ntawm tus kev lig kev cai ntawm kev mus los ntawm lub xyoo txhiab.