Cephalosporins 4 tiam ntsiav tshuaj. Tshuaj tua kab mob-cephalosporins 4 tiam

Cephalosporins yuav mus rau beta-lactam tshuaj. Lawv sawv cev ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws chav kawm ntawm antibacterial tshuaj.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Tus tshiab no yog cephalosporins 4 tiam. Ncauj ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no yog tsis muaj. Qhov seem peb yog sawv cev los ntawm txoj kev hais lus ntawm ncauj thiab parenteral siv. Cephalosporins muaj siab productivity thiab kuj tsis tshua muaj toxicity. Vim li no lawv nyob ib tug uas txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub zaus ntawm kev siv nyob rau hauv lub soj ntsuam xyaum ntawm tag nrho cov antibacterial nrog.

Indications Siv rau txhua tiam cephalosporins nyob ntawm seb lawv pharmacokinetic zog thiab antibacterial kev ua si. Cov tshuaj muaj ib tug yam ntxwv zoo sib thooj rau lub penicillin. Nws txiav txim rau lub niaj mechanism ntawm antimicrobial los, raws li zoo raws li tus ntoo khaub lig-kev tsis haum tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib co neeg mob.

ntau yam ntawm kev ua si

Cephalosporins muaj ib tug bactericidal nyhuv. Nws yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub txhaum txoj kev ua rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob. Ntawm cov thawj rau peb tiam nyiam ho broaden cov ntau yam ntawm kev txiav txim thiab txhim khu lub antimicrobial ua si rau Gram-tsis zoo microbes nrog me ntsis txo nyhuv on kab-zoo microorganisms. Rau cov general rau tag nrho cov xov xwm zog muaj xws li tsis muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem nyob rau Enterococci thiab ib co lwm yam microbes.

Muaj ntau cov neeg mob xav nyob rau hauv, yog vim li cas tsis tso 4 tiam cephalosporins nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj? Lub fact tias cov tshuaj muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb molecular qauv. Nws tsis pub tus active cov khoom xyaw kom penetrate lub qauv ntawm lub plab hnyuv mucosa hlwb. Yog li ntawd, lub 4 tiam cephalosporins nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj yog tsis muaj. Tag nrho cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no yog tsim rau cov parenteral thawj coj. Muaj nyob rau hauv 4 tiam ntawm cephalosporins nyob rau hauv ampoules nrog lub kuab.

4 tiam cephalosporins

Tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no raug heev dua lwm yam los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog ib tug tshiab kuj qeb ntawm cov tshuaj. Cephalosporins 3, 4 tiam muaj zoo xws li cov ntau yam ntawm cov teebmeem. Qhov txawv yog nyob rau hauv tsawg phiv nyob rau hauv lub thib ob pab pawg neeg. Txhais tau hais tias "Cefepime", piv txwv li, ib tug xov tooj ntawm tsis ze rau qhov thib peb-tiam tshuaj. Tab sis vim muaj ib co peculiarities nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj qauv, nws muaj lub peev xwm mus txeem los ntawm lub txheej phab ntsa ntawm gram-tsis zoo microorganisms. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no txhais tau tias "Cefepime" kuj ruaj khov rau hydrolysis los ntawm beta-lactamases (chromosomal) C-chav kawm ntawv. Yog li ntawd, sib nrug los ntawm cov yam ntxwv peculiar rau koob thib 3 tiam cephalosporins (txhais tau tias "ceftriaxone" "Cefotaxime"), cov tshuaj teev tej nta li:

• tej yam rau microbial overproducing beta-lactamases (chromosomal) C-chav kawm ntawv;
• siab ua si txheeb ze rau cov uas tsis-fermenting kab mob;
• ib tug ntau dua kuj mus hydrolysis ntawm beta-lactamase kis spectrum (tus nqi ntawm no feature yog tsis meej txog rau thaum xaus).

Ingibitorzaschischennye tshuaj

Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li ib tug yeeb tshuaj "Cefoperazone / Sulbactam". Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog monosredstvom, ua ke medicament tau broadened spectrum ntawm kev ua si. Nws muaj feem xyuam rau cov co kab mob, feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm Enterobacteriaceae, muaj peev xwm ntawm cov beta-lactamases.

tshuaj

Parenteral Cephalosporins 3, 4, tiam ntawm ib tug zoo heev absorbed thaum muab mus rau hauv cov nqaij. Medicaments rau qhov ncauj thawj coj yus muaj los ntawm ib tug siab haum nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv ib ntsuj av. Bioavailability yuav yog nyob ntawm seb cov medicament. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub chav 40-50% (rau cov tshuaj "Cefixime", piv txwv li) rau 95% (rau cov nyiaj "Cefaclor" "cefadroxil" "Cephalexin"). Ncauj haum ntawm tej yam tshuaj yuav qeeb noj kom tsawg. Tab sis xws li ib tug yeeb tshuaj raws li lub "Cefuroxime ascetic" thaum lub sij hawm haum hydrolyzed. Ntau sai tso tawm ntawm lub active tivthaiv thaum nws txhawb nqa zaub mov.

4 tiam cephalosporins zoo faib nyob rau hauv ntau ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob (tsis suav cov prostate), raws li zoo raws li secrets. Thaum siab tshuaj ntau yog pom nyob rau hauv synovial thiab peritoneal, pericardial thiab pleural kua, cov pob txha thiab tej tawv nqaij, nqaij mos, siab, leeg, mob raum thiab lub ntsws. Muaj peev xwm kis tau tus BBB thiab tsim ib tug kho concentration nyob rau hauv CSF yog ntau pronounced nyob rau hauv lub thib peb-tiam tshuaj xws li "Ceftazidime" "ceftriaxone" raws li "Cefotaxime" thiab tus neeg sawv cev plaub - txhais tau tias "Cefepime".

Metabolism hauv thiab feem

Feem ntau ntawm cephalosporins yog tsis raug lwj. Tsuas yog ib tug yog ib tug tshuaj "cefotaxime". Nws biotransfomiruetsya ua raws li los ntawm tsim ntawm active khoom. Tas cephalosporins 4 tiam, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm yam, mas ob lub raum. Thaum fading nyob rau hauv cov zis muaj nyob kuj END.

Cov tshuaj "Cefoperazone" thiab "Ceftriaxone" yus los ntawm ib tug muab ob npaug rau tshem tawm - rau daim siab thiab ob lub raum. Rau feem ntau cephalosporins ib nrab-lub neej yog li ib mus rau ob lub sij hawm. Ib tug ntev lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau rau cov nyiaj "ceftibuten," "Cefixime" (3-4 teev) raws li "Ceftriaxone" (8.5 teev). Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau npe rau lawv ib zaug ib hnub twg. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas raum tsis ua hauj lwm, ntau npaum cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau kho.

phiv

Tshuaj tua kab mob - Cephalosporins 4 Tiam - ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo txim, xws li:

• Kev tsis haum tshuaj. Cov neeg mob tej zaum yuav muaj erythema multiforme, tawm pob, urticaria, ntshiab kev mob kev nkeeg, eosinophilia. Tshwm sim los ntawm pawg no kuj muaj xws li anaphylactic poob siab, kub taub hau, angioedema, bronchoconstriction.
• Hematologic tshua. Cov lawv yog muab ib tug zoo Coombs, leucopenia, eosinophilia (tsis muaj), hemolytic anemia, neutropenia.
• Hlab hlwb puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm ntau dua koob tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas raum tsis ua hauj lwm cai convulsions.
• Siab: muaj zog transaminases.
• Digestive ntshawv siab. Ntawm cov tsis zoo los yog heev raws plab, pseudomembranous mob plab, ntuav thiab xeev siab, mob nyob rau hauv lub plab mog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kua quav nrog cov ntshav tawg tsam tshuaj ntxeev.
• Local tshua. Cov no muaj xws infiltration thiab ce nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm intramuscular txhaj tshuaj thiab phlebitis nrog tso dej txhaj tshuaj.
• Lwm yam los yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub paum Candidiasis thiab lub qhov ncauj.

Indications thiab contraindications

4 tiam cephalosporins muab thaum hnyav nizkominalnyh advantageously kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm multidrug-resistant microflora. Cov no muaj xws empyema pleura, rwj nyob rau hauv lub ntsws, mob ntsws, Septicemia, cov pob txha thiab ob leeg mob. 4 qhia tau hais tias lub cim cephalosporins kab mob nyuab los ntawm hom nyob rau hauv lub mob txeeb zig, tiv thaiv neutropenia thiab lwm yam immunodeficient lub xeev. Tshuaj tsis muab rau ib tug neeg intolerance.

precautionary ntsuas

Nyob rau hauv thov tus ntoo khaub lig-hom kev tsis haum tshuaj cai. Cov neeg mob saib tsis tau penicillin cim ib tug zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau tus thawj-tiam cephalosporins. Cross kev tsis haum tshuaj thaum ua ntawv thov cov thib ob los yog peb pab pawg no weaker (nyob rau hauv 1-3% ntawm cov neeg). Nrog ib tug keeb kwm ntawm tam sim ntawd yam tshua (e.g., anaphylactic poob siab , los yog urticaria), ntawm cov thawj tiam tshuaj raug nrog ceev faj. Cov kev npaj ntawm cov nram qab no pawg (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov plaub) yog kev.

Cev xeeb tub thiab lactation

Cephalosporins tsa antenatal tsis muaj tshwj xeeb txwv. Txawm li cas los, txaus tswj kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuaj twb tsis ua. Nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj ntau ntawm cephalosporins yuav txeem mus rau hauv cov mis nyuj. Tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov tshuaj thaum lub sij hawm lactation yog yuav hloov nyob rau hauv lub plab hnyuv microflora, Candidiasis, daim tawv nqaij ua pob liab vog, sensitization ntawm cov me nyuam.

Pediatrics thiab geriatrics

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm tus me nyuam mos yuav tej zaum ua rau kom cov ib nrab-lub neej nyob rau lub keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm inhibition ntawm lub raum feem. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus cov neeg mob, ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub raum muaj nuj nqi, thiab yog li ntawd cov yuav slowdown nyob rau hauv tshem cov tshuaj. Qhov no tej zaum yuav tsum tau hloov li cas lawm Circuit Court daim ntawv thov thiab ntau npaum.

raum tsis ua hauj lwm

Txij li thaum tshem tawm ntawm feem ntau cephalosporins tshwm sim feem ntau los ntawm lub raum system nyob rau hauv ib tug active daim ntawv no, ntau npaum regimen yuav tsum muab kho rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob. Thaum siab koob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog voj diuretics, aminoglycoside los yog yuav tshwm sim nephrotoxic nyhuv.

siab kawg

Ib co tshuaj yog tas nyob hauv cov kua tsib, thiab yog li ntawd cov neeg mob uas muaj mob loj siab tus kab mob, lub ntau npaum yuav tsum raug txo. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob muaj yog ib tug siab propensity rau los ntshav thiab gipoprotrombinemii nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov txhais tau tias "Cefoperazone". Raws li ib tug tiv thaiv kev ntsuas pom zoo vitamin K.