Cov duab puab "Laocoön thiab nws cov tub": kev piav qhia thiab kev txheeb xyuas

Tu siab kawg ua hauj lwm ntawm Parian marble peb sculptors "Laocoon thiab nws cov tub." Cov duab puab depicts lub futile sim ntawm nws txiv thiab nws cov me nyuam khiav los ntawm txoj kev puag ntawm Entangling lawv nab lub cev.

Tom qab tswvyim hais ua dabneeg

Cov zaj dab neeg pib nyob rau hauv cov heev thaum ntxov hnub. Nyob rau hauv qhov zoo nkauj Leda, tus poj niam ntawm King Tyndareus ntawm Sparta, tus ntxhais ntawm Helen ntawm Zeus. Thaum nws loj hlob tuaj, nws yog tus zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov mortals.

Npaum li cas rau nws kom Tsim los ntawm Woo suitors, tab sis Helen xaiv Menelaus zoo nraug. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Tyndareus nws yog npaj rau tus muaj koob muaj npe zwm txwv.

Tus huab tais ntawm Troy yug tus tub ntawm Priam. Soothsayer kwv yees hais tias me nyuam tub no yuav ua kom puas tag nrho cov trojans. Raws li tus huab tais cov lus qhia nws pov rau hauv lub hav zoov li hais tias nws tuag muaj, tab sis nws loj hlob mus rau hauv ib tug zoo nraug hluas nraug thiab pab tsiaj ntawv peacefully.

Yog vim li cas rau lub phaum ua tsov ua rog hauv lub trojans thiab cov Greeks

Peb goddesses - Athena, Hera thiab Aphrodite - tau txais los ntawm lub siab phem vajtswv poj niam ntawm discord Eris Kua nrog lo lus "Fine". Lawv yuav tsis ua rau faib ntawm lawv tus kheej. Txawj ntse Hermes ntxias Paris los ua ib tug kws txiav txim plaub nyob rau hauv lawv cov lus tsis txaus siab. Aphrodite cog lus Paris txoj kev hlub ntawm cov feem ntau poj niam zoo nkauj, Helen, thiab tau txais lub coveted kua. Paris nyiag Helen ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thiab coj nws mus rau Troy. Yog li pib ib tug ntev thiab ntshav rog ntawm lub trojans thiab cov Greeks rau qhov zoo nkauj Helen.

Nyob rau sab ntawm lub Greeks ua Athena, hu ua Apollo pab cov trojans. Nws yog ntshaw kom paub tias thaum twg xav tias yuav muaj ib tug duab puab "Laocoon".

stealth Greek

Ntev, ntev lub sij hawm, kaum xyoo yog ib tug tsov rog. Greeks besieged Troy tsis muab li. Muaj ntau heroes tau tuag nyob rau hauv ob sab. Wily Odysseus figured tawm yuav ua li cas mus rau hauv lub besieged nroog ntawm Greeks kev coj tus kheej Greek tub cheev xwm. Lub Greeks ua ib tug loj loj ntoo nees. Lawv pab los ntawm Athena. Lawv muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv nws pab tub rog thiab resorted mus rau kev ntxias: caij lawv ships thiab caij nkoj mus deb mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Nrog Glee mus xyuas lub camp ntawm Greeks thiab cov trojans nres nyob rau hauv surprise thaum nws pom cov loj loj nees.

Ib tug neeg uas muaj rau muab nws pov rau hauv lub hiav txwv, thiab ib co - mus noj tam sim ntawd rau Troy raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm yeej. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev taw tes yuav tsum tau duab zog. Tus pov thawj Laocoon duab puab uas yuav tsum tau los sib tham, yuav tsis khiav cov kev wiles ntawm Pallás Athena.

simplicity trojans

Kev ntseeg rau cov pej xeem sab laug lub pov thawj ntawm tus vaj tswv hu ua Apollo. Duab puab "Laocoon" qhia tau hais tias tsis yog tus taw tes. Nws thov nrog cov pej xeem tsis txhob kov tus nees, tus poj calamity qhia tseg. Laocoon txawb nyob rau hauv ib tug nees hmuv, thiab sab hauv ringing hlau riam phom. Tab sis nws yog clouded siab "winners". Lawv tsis ntseeg tias peb yuav tsum ntshai lub Greeks, txawm tias thaum nqa khoom plig. Lawv cia siab rau Hmoob, leej twg hais tias tus nees yuav tsum ntxias Pallás Athena, yog hais tias lawv yuav coj nws mus rau nws. Raws li nws hais tias, nws tuaj ntawm lub hiav txwv ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb xa Athena - ob giant nab. Nws yog heev ntxias tus trojans, thiab lawv coj tus nees mus rau hauv lub nroog.

Lub tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm Laocoon thiab nws cov tub

Los ntawm lub hiav txwv kuv thov Poseidon Laocoon thiab nws cov tub. Cov writhing lub cev rings thiab flashing liab raws li coals, ob lub qhov muag thiab crests ntawm lub taub hau, ceev thiab sai swam rau ntug dej txaus ntshai dab. Nab, muaj tau txais tawm ntawm lub hiav txwv, rov cov kev huam yuaj. Qhov no qhia cov duab puab "Laocoon". Nruj nreem qhwv ib tug nab nyob ib ncig ntawm haib lub cev ntawm cov neeg thiab ua kom zawm lawv. Venomous tom ua tsis tau tsuas yog mob, tab sis kuj tuag. Tag nrho cov no qhia tau hais tias cov duab puab "Laocoon". Hais tias yog dab tsi coj carefree ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub yeej ntawm lub inhabitants ntawm Troy.

Keeb kwm pom duab puab

Ob txhiab ob puas xyoo dhau los nyob rau hauv Pergamum tsis paub hais tias sculptors ntawm bronze nrum duab puab pab pawg neeg uas cim lub ntiaj teb no kev sib ntaus los ntawm Laocoön thiab nws cov tub nrog nab. Thawj zoo. Ib daim ntawv sculpted nyob rau hauv marble nyob rau hauv Rhodes Greeks. Nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Hellenistic Baroque nws tuaj rau peb "Laocoon" (sculpture). Nws sau Agesandr Rodossky thiab nws cov tub Polydoros thiab Athenodorus. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv 1506 Feliks De Fridis vineyards nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lub toj ntawm Rome. Muaj ib zaug sawv lub tsev Aurea. Sai li sai tau raws li lub Pope Julius II kawm txog qhov tseem ceeb xyuas, ces tam sim ntawd xa mus rau nws kev soj ntsuam ntawm kes duab lub vajtse Giuliano da Sangallo thiab Michelangelo. Kws kes duab vajtse tam sim ntawd daim ntawv pov thawj lub authenticity ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, uas yog piav los ntawm Pliny. Buaonorroti txiav txim hais tias nws tau ua los ntawm 2 daim ntawm marble, txawm hais tias Pliny hais txog ib tug tib pob zeb.

Nws tom ntej txoj hmoo

Thaum kawg ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua, Bonaparte coj lub sculptural pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv Paris. Nyob rau hauv lub Louvre, nws yog qhib rau kev soj ntsuam, thiab tom qab lub yeej ntawm Napoleon tau rov qab los ntawm lub British mus rau lub Vatican. Tam sim no nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej Pio-Clementine (Vatican).

Txoj cai caj npab ntawm Laocoon pom nyob rau hauv 1905 Czech archaeologist Ludwig Pollak nyob rau hauv lub khw Roman masons thiab muab nws mus rau lub Vatican Tsev khaws puav pheej. Nyob rau hauv 1957, nws tau tso rau hauv ib lub sculptural muaj pes tsawg leeg (ntaub ntawv coj los ntawm tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv lus Askiv Digital Duab puab Project: Laocoön).

Nrog nws ntau cov ntawv luam ua. Italian - nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm Rhodes thiab lub Uffizi Gallery, Moscow - nyob rau hauv lub Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej. Pushkin, Odessa - nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Archaeology.

"Laocoon" puab: piav qhia

Yog hais tias peb pib los ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm G. E. Lessinga, uas painting, duab puab - ruam paj huam, tus tuav ntawm nws tus kheej u qhia kom tas uas tsis ntsees hais tias tus sau.

Daim duab Laocoon feem ntau attracted xim vim lub fact tias nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab kuj vim hais tias cov sau phau ntawv no kom zoo zoo ua hauj lwm txhua txhua nqaij ntawm nws haib lub cev. Trojan uas txom nyem tawm tsam nrog ob tug giant nab. Rog twb tshuav nws, thiab nws pib mus txiav txim nyob rau thaj. Nws yog tseem sim los pab txhawb lawv tus kheej. Lub sab laug ko taw rests nyob rau hauv av nrog koj cov ntiv tes. Txoj cai ceg yog bent thiab nphav lub thaj. Lub sab laug tes yog ua nyob rau hauv vain thim los ntawm lub cev tus nab lub taub hau. Nws yog npaj txhij kom xa ib tug neeg tuag taus tom, qhib nws lub qhov ncauj thiab pom cov hniav tuag tau. Lub sab tes xis ntawm Laocoon bent thiab braided rings ntawm tib nab. Nws lub taub hau tig rov qab. Ncauj qhib nyob rau hauv ib tug Grimace ntawm kev mob thiab ntshai heev ntawm tab tom yuav tuag, tub khaus tawm tsam thiab paub txog ntawm nws tus kheej ntxhov tuag.

Nws zoo li nws pom yav tom ntej Laocoon. Duab puab, cov kev qhia tawm ntawm uas tseem ua rau iab apprehension ntxhov tuag thiab Laokoon thiab nws cov tub.

Kom nws txoj cai, tus tub yau yog kiag li entwined nrog ib tug nab nplhaib. Nws tsa nws trembling sab tes xis, tab sis lub snakes tau tom nws nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsos. Tus tub hluas pib poob, tawm hauv lub thaj, qhov twg nws leej txiv.

Peb mus txuas ntxiv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov duab puab "Laocoon thiab nws cov tub." Hauj lwm ntawm cov duab puab xaus.

Cov tij laug tshuav nws txiv puv nws lub ntsej muag tag nrho ntawm ntshai heev, ib tug ntsiag to thov tso nws los ntawm nws txhais ceg obvivshego nab tus Tsov tus tw.

Nws yuav tsis tau lis nws muaj ib txhais tes. Cov tuav, txawm li cas los, nws nkawd hais tias nws muaj kev cia siab ntawm qhov ciaj sia, hais tias, hmoov tsis, yog tsis muaj tseeb. Tag nrho peb ntawm lawv yuav tuag.

Kuv xav mus ua kom tiav qhov kev piav qhia ntawm ob quotations. Euripides: "Tsis muaj dab tsi pleases lub qhov gods, raws li ib yam ntawm cov tib neeg raug kev txom nyem." Nws kuj zoo piav lub Greek gods Sophocles: "Lub gods yog kam mus pab ib tug neeg thaum nws mus kom tau raws li nws txoj kev tuag."

Paj Roman emperors rau cov duab puab

Roman imperial tsev ntseeg yuav xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub trojans. Nws yog lawv hero Aeneas, tus tub ntawm Venus, vajtswv poj niam, khiav mus rau lub tsev nyiaj ntawm Tiber. Nws yuav Lavinia thiab nrhiav tau lub nroog nyob rau hauv nws yawm (Xyaum de maum nees). Nws cov kwv tij Ascanius nrhiav Alba Longa (tam sim no Castel Gandolfo). Thaum no tus taw tes, tom qab ib tug ob peb tiam yuav tsum yug los founders ntawm lub nroog Loos, Romul kuv Rem. Roman emperors khav hais tias lawv yog los ntawm cov gods.

Guest viewers

Viewers ntseeg tau hais tias Lessing yog txoj cai hais tias cov depiction ntawm cov mob heev uas cov Laocoon, cov duab puab yuav tsum raug rau cov kev cai ntawm kev zoo nkauj. Laocoon tsis quaj, tiam sis tsuas yog groans. Athena twb tau xa tau ib tug tsis ncaj ncees rau txim rau nws. Nws yog ua txhaum tsuas yog hais tias ceeb toom nws cov khub pej xeem los ntawm yus txiaj ntsim ntawm Greeks kabmob uas patronized Athena. Txiv neej - cia li ib tug tsis paub pab qho khoom ua si nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov gods.