Cov feem nthuav tseeb txog Bunin

Txawj sau ntawv, sau xov xwm, kws sau paj lug thiab critic Ivan Bunin yuav suav hais tias ib tug pob zeb diamond ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Nws yog ib tug self-txaus neeg, yeej ib txwm nws xaiv nws tus kheej txoj kev. Kuv yeej tsis koom nyob rau hauv tej phau ntawv sau zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tog, xav tias tsis tsim nyog nws kos duab thiab kev nom kev tswv.

Qhov tsab xov xwm muaj ib co nthuav cov lus tseeb hais txog Bunin, uas muaj ntau yam nyob rau hauv nws biography. Hauv qab no tus nyeem ntawv mus ntsib cov lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm tus kws.

Cov me nyuam thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas

Lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawv yug 10/10/1870, lub (qub style) nyob rau hauv Voronezh, qhov twg nws niam nws txiv tsiv nrog cov laus cov me nyuam. Nthuav lus tseeb hais txog Bunin txog feem ntau rau nws cov keeb kwm, vim hais tias nws tau koom ib tug ancient noble tsev neeg, uas nws keeb kwm mus rov qab sib sib zog nqus mus rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog.

Txawm li cas los, los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, nto moo thiab respected qub aristocratic tsev neeg ntawm qhov kev txiav txim los ua neeg pluag, thiaj li Ivan thaum yau coj qhov chaw nyob rau ib tug me me ua liaj ua teb, nyob qhov twg mus rau qhov chaw ib tug ntawm cov pab pawg neeg tsev neeg Estates. Kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov tub koom nyob rau hauv lub tsev kws qhia ntawv - menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub Moscow University. Nrog nws Vanya muaj ib tug zoo kev sib raug zoo, thiab Bunin lub neej nrog loj hlob cus plaws ntawm nws thawj thawj saib, ua tsaug rau nws tsis tau tsuas yog rau ib tug muaj zog txawj ntse, tab sis kuj rau kev phooj ywg.

Teebmeem nthuav tseeb ntawm lub neej Bunin, ib tug yuav tsis nco qab txog tias ib tug txawj ntse tub hluas Eletskii externally kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv ib co kawm (nyiam) yog tseem sai dhau ib tug tag nrho lub tsev kawm ntawv cov kev kawm. Kev kawm ntawv nws yeej pab cov laus tus kwv tij Julius.

Cov thawj kab

Muab sau khaws cia lub crumbs ntawm nthuav cov lus tseeb hais txog Bunin, bibliographies pom tias compose nws pib heev thaum ntxov - raws li thaum ntxov raws li 6 xyoo. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm xya, nws sau nws thawj thawj zaj paj huam. Tus sau, uas tau ua los ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv, nws lees hais tias nws piv nws tus kheej nrog Lermontov thiab Pushkin.

Lub impetus rau lub awakening txuj ci Ivan hu cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm nws tus thawj xib fwb, uas qhia nws nrog ib tug sau ntawm "English paj huam" thiab phau ntawv "Lub Odyssey." Ib tug zoo tswv yim rau cov tub ntxhais ntse tus me nyuam muaj pej xeem nkauj, legends, lus dab neeg, lub zos uas nyob ntawm lub zos me. Tag nrho cov no los tsim ntawm ib tug muaj tswv yim cwm pwm.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub kev sau ntawv txuj ci ntawm cov me Ivan kuv muaj lwm tus tub yog heev artistic. Nws nrov nrov thiab nrog qhov hais tawm hais kwv huam, xws li nws tus kheej. Raws li ib tug neeg laus, nws kuj yog ib qho zoo heev nyeem prose, tus kheej kom muaj siab txawm lub dullest cov neeg tuaj saib.

Nyob rau hauv lub pib

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich, interesting tseeb uas yog teem tawm nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm luam tawm rau thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv 16 lub xyoos. Thaum xws li ib tug hluas uas muaj hnub nyoog, nws qhia rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv ntawm mature thiab no: tej hauj lwm: cov kwv huam "Nyob deb nroog Pauper," "Tus ntxa S. Ya. Nadsona," dab neeg "Nefedka", "Ob tug wanderer". Nws yog nrog cov hauj lwm pib ib tug ntev thiab fruitful txoj kev uas yuav ua ib tug hero nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.

Nyob rau hauv 1889, ib tug hluas txawj sau ntawv imbued nrog lub revolutionary-kev ywj pheej lub tswv yim thiab tuaj koom lub zog populists. Tab sis sai sai no nws yog chim nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ntawm cov radical intelligentsia, thiab txav kom deb ntawm nws. Ivan tsiv mus rau hauv lub nroog ntawm dav dawb hau. Ntawm no nws pib mus rau luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Orlovsky Gazette".

Nws thawj sau los ntawm cov kwv huam luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1891. Nws twb enthusiastically tau txais los ntawm critics thiab cov kev nyeem ntawv pej xeem.

fruitful ua hauj lwm

Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej Bunin muaj feem xyuam rau nws mus ntsib nyob rau hauv 1895, St. Petersburg thiab Moscow. Ntawm no nws tau ntsib nrog rau cov tswv yim tseem ceeb - Bryusov, Grigorovich, Kuprin, Chekhov, Sologub thiab Balmont. Lawv txhaj nws mus rau hauv ib tug loj txawj milieu, nyob rau hauv uas lub kws sau paj lug thiab novelist yog yooj yim thiab lawm merged.

Bunin coj ib tug tus kheej xov xwm nrog Antonom Pavlovichem Chehovym, uas hu ua nws "ib tug zoo kawg txawj sau ntawv." Nws mlom yog Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Ivan A. thov nws cov neeg tuaj saib thiab zoo siab kom tau raws li tus kheej nrog lub zoo Lavxias teb sab tswv ntawm lo lus.

Nthuav lus tseeb hais txog Ivan Bunin nyob rau hauv 1896, supplemented los ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug txhais lus. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no pom lub artistic translation ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm "Cov Song ntawm Hiawatha" rau cov uas Bunin twb muab tsub lub Pushkin nqi zog ntawm cov thawj degree. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua hauj lwm no, Yauhas tau qhia nws tus kheej English.

Nyob rau hauv 1897 nws luam tawm thawj phau ntawv ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv - "Thaum lub kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no", nyob rau hauv 1898 - ib tug sau ntawm kwv huam, "Nyob rau hauv lub qhib saum ntuj." Cov hauj lwm muaj heev heev nyob ntawm critics thiab cov pej xeem.

Nyob rau hauv 1900 nws luam tawm ib zaj dab neeg "Antonovsky apples". Nws twb tau txais ambiguously. Piv txwv li, Maxim Gorky, hais tias txoj kev tshav ntuj sau ntaub ntawv, sharply cem nws ntawm teej tug mus rau ib tug noble tsev neeg. Bunin feem ntau criticized "noble yug" hais tias nws tsis tu. Contemporaries - thiab kiv cua thiab ntseeg - pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim uas Ivan yog coj txawv txawv arrogance. Nws yog ib tug yooj yooj yim thiab sincere neeg.

traveler

Ntxiv pov nthuav tseeb txog Bunin, ib tug yuav tsis nco qab hais tias tus kws passionately fond ntawm mus txawv tebchaws. Nws nyiam mus saib qhov chaw tshiab, lub rooj sib tham tus neeg tshiab, lawv txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab kev cai.

Ivan mus xyuas ntau European lub teb chaws: Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Switzerland, Fabkis. Muaj ntau cov kwv tij mus rau lub Caucasus, uas tshwm sim rau nws los voj voog "Duab ntxoov ntxoo Noog" thiab zaj dab neeg "ib tug ntau ntawm cov dej."

Hlub txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa thiab Asia, nws tau taug kev deb thiab dav.

thoob ntiaj teb paub

Muaj coob tus neeg xav tsis thoob sij hawm uas tseem biography Bunin, interesting tseeb txog nws. Tsis hais qhov tseeb hais tias Bunin - tus thawj Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv uas yeej lub Nobel nqi zog. Qhov no siab puav pheej uas nws tau txais nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1933. Los ntawm lub sij hawm uas rau nws thoob plaws ntiaj teb nrog paub lawm. Nws tej hauj lwm raug luam tawm nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. sau lub koob meej mus txog rau nws ncov.

Tej lub neej

Sij hawm uas tseem biography Bunin. Nthuav lus tseeb txuam tsis tau tsuas yog nrog ib tug muaj tswv yim txoj kev, tab sis kuj nrog cov tus kheej lub neej ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv. Nws yuav txiv peb lub sij hawm.

Nws thawj thawj lub neej nrog rau ib tug hluas nkauj Varvara Pascenco yog hai. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis nrhiav ib qho lus thiab nws thiaj li sib nrauj. Rau Bunin yog ib tug loj kev chim siab uas Varvara tam sim ntawd plaws tom tom qab sib nrauj mus yuav nws tus phoojywg.

Qhov thib ob tus poj niam ntawm tus kws ua nplua nuj thiab zoo nkauj Greek Anna Tsakni. Nyob rau hauv kev sib yuav, ib tug tub, Nicholas, uas yog heev fond ntawm Bunin. Tus tub tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 5 xyoos los ntawm kub taub hau. Tus poj niam ntawm tus kws sab laug. Ntau cov me nyuam Ivan tsis yog.

Peb tus poj niam thiab muaj tseeb kev hlub yog Vera Muromtseva. Nws yog tsis tsuas ib tug poj niam Bunin, tab sis nws tus phooj ywg, nws tus khub. Nrog nws, nws pom kev thaj yeeb thiab kev zoo siab. Tom qab cov txawj sau ntawv tuag nyob rau hauv 1953, nws sau tau ib memoir "Lub neej Bunin," ntsia mus rau hauv nws archives, npaj cov ntawv sau rau cov ntawv qhia.