English kws sau paj lug los ntawm thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog rau tam sim no hnub, tshwj xeeb yog lawv creativity

English paj huam tau yug los ntawm lub lem ntawm 12-13 centuries, nws yog inextricably txuas nrog lub npe ntawm cov creators ntawm kev sau ntawv kos duab raws li Dzheffri Choser, Robert Burns, Dzhon khoom siv, thiab ntawm chav kawm, Uilyam Shekspir. Tus thawj ua hauj lwm ntawm no txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv lub UK yog xav tau lub paj huam "Beowulf", npe hu ua tom qab nws protagonist - lub siab tawv tub hluas uas tiv thaiv lawv lub teb chaws los ntawm lub ntsoog loj heev tawm tsam ntawm tus zaj. Cov paj huam tau sau nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 13th xyoo pua thiab yog ib tug beautifully fwm piv txwv ntawm ib tug ancient Anglo-Saxon ntaub ntawv. Ntau tshaj 10% ntawm cov ntawv nyeem (qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov uas, incidentally, yog 3182 kab) yog sau rau ntawm lub qub lus Askiv.

English paj huam - nws cov nuj nqis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, sau ntawv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, tsis hais ntawm lawv haiv neeg, kev ntseeg thiab qhov chaw ntawm chaw nyob. tsuas ib tug luv luv chav kawm ntawm lus Askiv paj huam yog kawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab universities. Lavxias teb sab schoolchildren paub zoo kawg nkaus zoo uas yog Uilyam Shekspir, tab sis nws yog tsis zoo li lawv paub hais tias lub npe ntawm Dzhozefa Addisona, Metyu Arnolda, Robert Browning.

Qhov tus tsim ntawm cov lus Askiv ntawv nyeem raws li ib tug tag nrho yog pom tias yuav tau cov neeg sau ntawm "Cov Canterbury Tales" Dzheffri Choser, uas nyob rau hauv lub 14th caug xyoo. Nws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv Middle English, thiab sab laug tsis tiav. "Canterbury dab neeg" yog ib tug sau ntawm zaj dabneeg luv luv sau nyob rau hauv nqe thiab prose daim ntawv (tag nrho cov 22). Tag nrho zaj dab neeg yog sawv cev ntawm lub pilgrims taug kev mus rau Canterbury los pe hawm lub relics ntawm lub martyr Thomas Becket (nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab txhais lus ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj feem ntau tshwm li Foma Kenterberiysky).

Medieval sau phau ntawv coj los style ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm nws tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Yog li, ib tug lub suab ntawm tus naas ej Shakespeare tsis tau meej pem nrog lub suab ntawm lwm sau phau ntawv, nyob rau hauv tis heev heev translations ntawm nws tej hauj lwm rau hauv txawv teb chaws hom lus. Muaj ntau ntawm cov teeb meem tsa los ntawm William Shakespeare, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, nyob rau hauv nws tragedies thiab comedies, thiab nyob twj ywm yam niaj hnub no. Raws li cov kwv huam ntawm Shakespeare muab ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ua yeeb yam thiab cia ib tug ntau ntawm movies nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv paub ntawm tus sau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Muaj ntau Lavxias teb sab kev txawj nyeem ntawv paub lub npe ntawm George Byron. Qhov no lus Askiv Romantic kws sau paj lug los ua nto moo nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Tswv Byron. Byron hauj lwm lub npe hu rau Russians vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov heev heev translations ntawm paj huam ntawm lub nyiaj muaj hnub nyoog. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws txawj masterpieces ntawm Tswv Byron suav hais tias "Le Corsaire", "Ka-ees," "Lara."

Muaj ntau English paj huam 16-19 centuries, sau nws tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cov hlab ntsha ntawm Romanticism. Piv txwv li, Dzhon khoom siv, leej twg tuag nyob rau hauv 1821, coj tuaj rau lub teb chaws ib tug txiav txim nqi ntawm cov paj huam romantic nrhav. Nws tej hauj lwm uas tau sau nrog elegant txawj piav qhia ntawm tag nrho cov yeej ntawm lub neej, kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov uas lwm tus lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub tej hauj lwm no yog Keats 'Ode rau ib tug Grecian urn "thiab" Endemion ".

Ntawm cov creators ntawm kev sau ntawv kos duab nyob ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw English paj huam - cov poj niam: Elizabeth Browning, Jean Indzhelou, Sara Kolridzh, Emily Bronte. Cov yav tas, incidentally, nto moo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab txawv teb chaws admirer ntawm poetic kos duab raws li cov neeg sau ntawm "Wuthering Heights" thiab ntau tej hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub rau daim ntawv.

Sau phau ntawv ntawm 19-20 centuries deb ntawm lub romantic style, lawv tej hauj lwm yog feem ntau sau ib daim ntawv nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm naturalism. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, qhov zoo tshaj plaws paub yog cov lus Askiv paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Harry Graham, sau ntawm "poetic kev khwv nyiaj txiag", cov khoom siv Rayt, sau ntawm "Parrot Sergeant Smith" thiab lwm tus neeg. Lawv muaj tswv yim kev tshawb fawb tshuav ib tug cim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm ntawv thiab e-phau ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub siab lub ntsws ntawm ntau admirers ntawm lawv tej txuj ci. Niaj hnub nimno English paj huam thiab lawv cov predecessors, tsis muaj tsis ntseeg, tshuav ib tug nplua nuj kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam rau yav tom ntej tiam li cov pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws.