Pushkin lub sij hawm paj huam: ib daim ntawv teev cov hauj lwm

Poets ntawm Pushkin lub sij hawm - ib tug tshwm sim uas yog lub golden hnub nyoog ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam thiab hais tseg moj khaum 1810-1830 gg. (Rau reference: ua raws li - Nyiaj hnub nyoog - muaj frontiers 1894-1929 gg.). Yog hais tias lub golden teeb ntawm lub hnub muab, hmo hli - nyiaj, tab sis hais tias yog ib zaj dabneeg, thiab tseem yog heev nthuav.

Yuav ua li cas, ces, muaj yog xws li ib tug tshaj plaws - "paj huam ntawm Pushkin lub sij hawm"? Close rau Pushkin tsim ntau ci ntsa iab lyricists. Tab sis qhov no vajvoog yog ib zajlus kom ua lub paj huam uas nyob ze rau tus poj classics nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig, muab qhia rau nws cov philosophical views, kev sib raug zoo thiab cov pej xeem txoj hauj lwm, raug cai thiab zoo nkauj ntseeg, cov neeg uas sib cav nrog tib phau ntawv sau tej yeeb ncuab.

Poets Pushkin Times: daim ntawv teev

Los yog nqus tau daim ntawv no, ces koj yuav tsum tau txav mus zeb zoo zoo heev. Yog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog kom paub tseeb tias Zhukovsky Batiushkov thiab D. Davidov, ces Lermontov, Koltsov Polezhaeva thiab yog twb raug xa mus rau lub poslepushkinskoy era, raws li lawv tau lwm yam teeb meem thiab pathos nyob rau hauv cov paj huam.

Txawm li cas los, feem ntau nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov paj huam los ntawm Pushkin lub sij hawm - nws yog cov neeg uas nyob thiab ua hauj lwm nyob ib lub sij hawm nrog Pushkin. Thiab tsis muaj teeb meem li cas nyob ze lawv twb sab ntsuj plig thiab los ntawm ib tug txawj taw tes ntawm view, tus poj poet, yog decisive tsuas yog hais tias lawv twb koom nyob rau hauv cov paj huam nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thiab lossi txhim kho lawv kev txawj ntse los ntawm kev kawm los ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Yog li ntawd, leej twg yog cov paj huam los ntawm Pushkin lub sij hawm? Daim ntawv, ntawm chav kawm, koj pib nrog xws li ntxias li V. A. Zhukovsky ( "Svetlana", "Hiav txwv", "Lyudmila," "King ntawm lub hav zoov," "Yav tsaus ntuj"), K. Batyushkov ( "npau suav", " lus los ntawm I. M. Muravevu-Apostol "," Kuv hearth "," Ariosto thiab Tasso "," Petrarch "), PA Vyazemsky (" lawm paj "," kua muag ntawm farewell "," Zos lub tsev teev ntuj "," King Peas "" Zoo neeg "), DV Davydov (" pilgrim "," Borodino teb "," Hussar lees txim "," kuv song "," Txawj Ntse "," kuv hlub koj vim hais tias ... "," Siskin thiab rose "), F. N. Glinka (" nyob rau piiticheskoy Pushkin lub neej "," Essay nyob rau sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino "," txoj hauj lwm, free odrazhanie Phau Ntawv Hauj Lwm, "" Hurrah! Rau strike peb ib zaug "), M. V. Milonov (" Ntawm Rubella "," Kom kuv tus muam "," Ntog nplooj "," zaj Lus Hais rau cov tswv teb "), PA Katenin ( "Natasha", "tua neeg", "Goblin", "Olga", "Andromache") thiab lwm tus neeg uas twb coj qhov chaw nyob sau ntawv, thiab ib co twb npaum li cas cov laus thiab ntau txog tej tshaj Pushkin nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los, tom qab lub rooj sib tham nrog nws lawv ua paub txog nws cov haib los, tib neeg thiab artistic.

Cov ntau heev thiab nrov ntsiab ntawm lub golden hnub nyoog ntawm cov paj huam muaj ib tug phooj ywg cov lus. Poets Pushkin Times Batyushkov thiab Zhukovsky, uas nws xam tau tias yog nws cov xib fwb twb nws pog koob yawg koob, tab sis, ces qhov no zoo ntawm cov paj huam zoo tag nrho thiab txuas ntxiv Pushkin nws tus kheej. Alexander hlub Batiushkov thiab hu ua nws "lub philosopher ntawm lub high-spirited" thiab "Parnassian zoo siab sloth" vim hais tias Batiushkov kwv huam differed euphony los yog, ntau meej, ib suab paj nruas suab. Nws ntaus extraordinary alliteration, uas pheej rov qab ua tsiaj ntawv "s": "Kev zoo siab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav sawv"; "Lovelier caij nplooj ntoos hlav" thiab thiaj on. D.

Kawm ntawv ua ke-lyceum

Ces nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no yuav tsum tau muaj xws li nws classmates, high school cov tub ntxhais kawm, thiab cov phooj ywg: V. K. Kyuhelbekera ( "Griboyedov", "Ode rau tus tuag ntawm Byron", "Argives," "Nyob rau hauv 1829", "Txoj hmoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam"), A. A. Delviga ( "A. S. Pushkinu", "kua muag ntawm kev hlub", "Sonnet", "epilogue") thiab A. D. Illichevskogo ( "Hope", "Lub kaum hli ntuj 19", "Peb qhov muag tsis pom tus txiv neej", "Lub siab heev thiab yog vim li cas "," bricklayer thiab ntoo "). Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov kawg ntawm txoj povhaum ntawm Pushkin hu ua "lub amiable wit", "cov phooj ywg thiab foe" raws li nws tau ua twb xam tau tias nws lub ntsiab rival nyob rau hauv cov paj huam.

Peb twb nyob rau tias daim ntawv teev, thiab contemporaries uas tau ntsib nrog ib tug zoo kawg kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv sij hawm sib txawv ntawm nws lub neej, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, vim hais tias ntawm lawv tus kheej giftedness thiab txuj ci, lawv tseem pom nws txoj kev mus rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no NM Lus ( "The Tempest", "Caij nplooj ntoos hlav", "A. S. Pushkinu", "Trigorskoye", "Sawv ntxov"), EA Baratynsky ( "Achilles", "Muse", "dej tsaws tsag") . Lawv muaj tswv yim txoj kev uas nws mus, ces ncaim nrog Pushkin.

Yuav kom qhov no daim ntawv teev peb thiaj ntxiv tau lwm pab pawg neeg - cov neeg uas muaj heev me ntsis txuj ci, tab sis tom qab muaj cov haib tus ntawm cov cwm pwm thiab ntxim nyiam ntawm Pushkin tus ntse, heev yooj yim mus kawm lub npe thiab qhov yooj yim ntawm ib tug ntshiab thiab pob tshab poetic style. Nws KF Ryleev ( "Ivan Susanin", "tuag Ermak", "Dimitriy Samozvanets"), FA Tumansky ( "Birdy," "Elegy", "motherland"), VI Tumansky ( "Odessa "," Singer, "" Tiff "," Reconciliation "), V. G. Teplyakov (" Zeej "," Dawb nplooj ntawv "," Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv "," Kuv poj niam laus "), DP Oznobishin (" Wreath " "tus paub tsis meej ntawm tus yaj saub," "khib dab", "Duma"), A. I. Podolinsky ( "cov ntau", "Portrait", "Zaj", "Star"), thiab lwm tus neeg.

xyaum nquag li

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no muaj ib co xyaum nquag li thiab epigones ntawm Pushkin, uas twb cia li kov yeej lub poetic txuj ci ntawm tus poj ntse heev (PA Pletnev, M. D. Delaryu, V. N. Schastny, AA Shishkov, E. F. Rozen) .

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tag nrho cov npe - nws yog ib lub kws sau paj lug Pushkin lub sij hawm. Davydov, txawm li cas los, ib tug laus kawm ntawm Pushkin, belongs rau kev txaus siab ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no. Pushkin xav heev ntawm nws poetic tej hauj lwm, thiab nws mus nqa tej phuam rau "ceev" cov verses.

Hussar Davydov muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb thiab mas thawj poetic suab. Nws muab tso rau hauv ib tug txawj daim npog qhov ncauj siab tawv thiab reckless, witty, nqa tej phuam thiab zoo siab heev kws sau paj lug revelers-Grunt kws sau paj lug uas yeej tsis hesitated mus ua txhaum li ib txwm kev qhia kom thiab decorum, thaum nws nyiam lub simplicity thiab ncaj ntawm lus cutesy mannerisms, los ntawm uas nws yog bored .

Gusar-kws sau paj lug

Tseeb, nyob deb los yog angelvmi nws yog tus paj huam ntawm Pushkin lub sij hawm. Davydov Denis Vasilevich cov valiant cov phooj ywg yog npaj rau txhua yam exploits, thiab yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv "free sib daj sib deev" ntawm fights. Nws yuav tsis sawv careerists thiab campaigners, tag nrho cov liab daim kab xev thiab xyaum. Nws yog ib txwm, txawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv so, tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub motherland thiab cov tub rog luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Nws cov paj huam yog nws nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev, nws tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub battles, campaigns, thiab cov Team sib ntawm battles, thiab hais tias nws yog zoo siab rau.

Heev thawj kws sau paj lug Pushkin lub sij hawm. Davydov Denis Vasilevich Raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub daim npog qhov ncauj dashing hussar thiab kws sau paj lug razgulnika, li ntawd, tawm hws ntau thiab nws tsis tau coj tawm, yog tias merged nrog nws.

Nyob rau hauv nws lyrics tsis nyuaj "hussar" songs, satirical kwv huam thiab kev hlub Elegy, nws tsim ib tug tshiab hom hero - ib tug tub rog-patriot, txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub, nquag, uas qhib ntsuj plig ntawm tus txiv neej.

Vyazemsky - ib tug kws sau paj lug Pushkin lub sij hawm

Ntxiv cov ntsiab yuav tsum yeej muab sau tseg tias Pushkin hlub thiab hwm Vyazemsky. Nws ciali mus nws hais tias nws yog incorporated los ntawm qhov ntse thiab yog kev txiav txim zoo ntawm tiam no. Nws yog ib qho extraordinarily erudite txiv neej ntawm encyclopedic paub.

Dhau li Vyazemskij - adherent thiab theorist ntawm Lavxias teb sab Romanticism. Tab sis nyob rau hauv nws sau, nws hlub mus rau hauv cov nqe lus, uas tau muab rau cov tej hauj lwm ib yam dryness thiab me ntsis muffled lub siab lub ntsws thiab romantic mus ob peb vas. Nws poetic kab lis kev cai yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau Pushkin. Vyazemsky xam tau tias yog nws tus kheej lub txais ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua, ib tug kiv cua ntawm lub Fabkis philosophers xws li Voltaire, uas yog ci ntsa iab hnub nyoog ntawm Enlightenment.

Pyotr Andreyevich Vyazemsky sawv raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug vim hais tias ntawm txoj kev hlub ntawm kev kawm ntawv thiab yog vim li cas, nws tau attracted siab, nws yog ib tug dawb-thinker, striving rau pab neeg peg xeem thiab tsoom fwv cov kev ua ub. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, nws yog ib tug conservative, thiab feem ntau tended tsoos ntaub ntawv ntawm paj huam - txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub Ode phooj ywg cov lus, melancholic Elegy, fables, cov lus piv txwv, epigrams, satire thiab didactics.

A. A. Delvig

Ib tug ntawm cov paj huam los ntawm Pushkin lub sij hawm yog Anton Antonovich Delvig hais tias, tsis zoo li Vyazemsky, nws Romanticism hnav nyob rau hauv classical lwm yam. Nws siv lub ancient, Roman thiab Greek, poetic qhov ntev thiab xaiv rau nws cov paj huam hom ntawv nyeem idyll. Piv txwv li, cov nyhuv uas cov tib scene yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug txias silence nyob rau hauv cov ntoo nyob rau hauv lub sparkling qhov chaw. Nws lyrical - ib tug tag nrho yog tsis tshuam hloov lawv txoj kev xav thiab kev ntshaw. Ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov kwv huam yog hu ua - "idyll". Ntawm no nws qhia zaj dab neeg txog ib tug txoj kev hlub ntawm ob tug tub hluas ntxhais hluas, uas yog muab khaws cia tseg rau txhua tus lwm yam mus ib txhis. Nyob rau hauv nws lyrical sketches nws muaj peev xwm mus qhia qhov teeb meem no, qhov tob thiab nom tswv cajceg ntawm cov kev sib tw uas txoj kev xav. Qhov xwm heev ntawm lub gods thiab sympathized nrog lawv, thiab txawm tias thaum lub cim yog tuag, ntau dua rog guarded cov nplaim taws ntawm lawv tej kev hlub.

Thaum nyeem ntawv tej hauj lwm ntawm Delvig tej zaum nws yuav zoo li hais tias nws yog ib tug lig classicist, uas nyob rau hauv cov romantic lub sij hawm (nws qhia nws cov style, luaj li cas thiab ib hom ntawv nyeem, coj cia li nyob hauv lub classicists). Tab sis kaj nws rau lawv yog tsis tsim nyog. Delvig - tiag tiag romantic tsim ntawm ntev-poob ancient lub sij hawm, los ntawm lub contingent ntiaj teb no ntawm classical kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib raug zoo.

Nws yog chim nyob rau hauv hnub no lub koom txoos, qhov twg muaj tau ntev lawm yeej muaj tseeb kev hlub thiab kev phooj ywg, qhov twg ib tug neeg pom tau tias dissonance nrog zej zog, nrog rau lawv tus kheej thiab ntshai ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Delvig nkag tau mus rau ib hom ntawv nyeem idyll txawv txawv rau no hom ntawv nyeem ntawm kev tu siab rau qhov kawg ntawm lub golden hnub nyoog.

Pushkin nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem pom zoo nrog Delwig, nws kuj pom tau hais tias ib tug harmonious thiab zoo nkauj, ua ntej los yog tom qab tuag, tab sis tom qab rov qab, tsuas yog lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li daim ntawv. Kev tu siab thiab kev txom nyem, kev tu siab thiab kev tu siab, raws li tau zoo raws li tag nrho cov uas yog zoo nkauj, - ib ntus qhua nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj lub hwj chim mus ib txhis.

Zoo nkauj yas thiaj li hu ua Golden muaj hnub nyoog ntawm lub paj huam yog Pushkin lub sij hawm. Delvig - lwm priceless nws kho kom zoo nkauj.

NM lus

Txawv heev nyob rau hauv suab nrov yog cov paj huam Nikolaya Mihaylovicha Yazykova, uas tau sau hais txog lub romantic pathos ntawm tib neeg txoj kev ywj pheej. Nws ntseeg nyob rau hauv nws thiaj li unrestrainedly kev xyiv fab thiab carefree kev lub neej. Lus - kws sau paj lug Pushkin lub sij hawm, uas hlub lub neej thiab yog ib txwm zoo siab nws wildness nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov ces. Xws li ib tug cwj pwm tsis yog nyob ntawm seb tej philosophical los yog nom tswv views, nws yog reckless. Lus tsis tsom xam thiab ua kom to taub. Nws lyrics muaj teem nyob rau qhov xwm ntawm tus txiv neej raws li ib tug sovereign thiab dawb lub qab. Nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm nws tsim yaam tshab tseem slipping ib co gloom thiab kev tu siab, tiam sis nws yog heev tsawg, xws li mob tsis tshua muaj lus. Qhov no lub xeev ntawm lub siab tsis yog frightening, tsis muaj zog, thiab yooj yim txaus los mus kov yeej.

Lub poetic lus ntawm tus neeg sau qhia ib tug heev ntshiab thiab siab xeev ntawm elation thiab ib tug txoj kev hlub rau lub neej. Li no nws central lwm yam - tej zaj nkauj thiab qhuas. Lus yuav ua tau tej hom ntawv nyeem, seb nws yog ib tug Elegy los yog ib tug song, song, los yog cov lus, tig mus rau hauv ib zaj nkauj los yog ib tug eulogy. Thiab lawv ua txhua yam rau yuav yeej los ntawm delight thiab kev xyiv fab.

Yuav kom kawm tau li cas kom meej meej qhia no txoj kev ywj pheej raws li ib tug romantic delight ntawm tus ntsuj plig, cov lus tig mus rau Pushkin, uas pab coj nws poetic style rau zoo tag nrho. Kwm ntsiab ntws tsis muaj obstacles, lo lus cia clung rau txhua lwm yam, mastered rau lub poetic lub sij hawm, nws yuav txuas hnub nyoog nws ua hauj lwm tsis muaj qhov kawg. Piv txwv li - cov lus "D. V. Davydov. "

EA Baratynsky

Yog hais tias liam Yazikova contemporaries nyob rau hauv cov neeg txom nyem kev xav, nyob rau hauv lwm kws sau paj lug, Baratynsky, txawj nyeem ntawv tsis tau los siav lawv dhau heev lawm.

Tau muaj tswv yim Evgeniya Abramovicha Baratynskogo, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tom qab Pushkin yog lub feem ntau no: kws sau paj lug ntawm nws tiam, uas tuaj rau cov ntaub ntawv tom qab Zhukovsky thiab Batyushkov. Nyob rau hauv nws cov paj huam mas yeej elegies thiab kwv huam. Nws yeej tsis tuaj mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam raws li ib qho zoo heev kws sau paj lug elegik.

Heev txawv yog lawv cov tswv yim tswv yim kws sau paj lug Pushkin lub sij hawm. Baratynsky sib txawv heev los ntawm lawv cov counterparts nyob rau hauv Peru thiab Batiushkov Zhukovsky, uas yeej ib txwm cia siab rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Zhukovsky twb ntxias hais tias kev zoo siab yog lub nyob mus ib txhis tos rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab hais tias yog qhov twg lawv yuav nrhiav tau kev thaj yeeb, tranquility thiab kev hlub. Batyushkov tom qab nws "me ntsis philosophy" nyob rau hauv uas nws taw tes qhia tawm hais tias ib tug neeg yog yug los rau ib ntsiag to secluded lub neej thiab hlub ib zaug poob lawm thiab tam sim ntawd pib mus nrhiav qhov chaw nkaum nyob rau hauv kev ntseeg.

Tab sis Baratynsky yog chim nyob rau hauv txhua yam, nws tsis ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev kaj siab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, tsawg npaum li cas nyob rau hauv lub ntuj, thiab ua xyem xyav tau kev zoo siab "no" thiab "muaj." Raws li nws, tus txiv neej chiv bifurcated thiab tawg thiab thiaj li yuav tsis nrhiav tej yam kev sib raug zoo nrog nws tus plig los yog nrog sab nraum lub ntiaj teb no. Nws ntseeg hais tias nws yog txoj cai ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev txiav txim.

Baratynsky heev interesting speculates tias cov tib neeg lub cev yog hauv ntiaj teb no thiab khi mus rau lub ntiaj teb, thiab tus ntsuj plig yog lossi nraus nyob rau hauv lub ntuj, thiab nws yog immortal. Tiam sis feem ntau, tus ntsuj plig tsis txhob sawv ntsug tag nrho hauv ntiajteb no yaam puab paub thiab tuag ua ntej lub cev, thiab lub cev raws li nws yuav devoid ntawm vim li cas thiab qhov txhia, thiab yog li ntawd meaningless. Nws kuj xav hais tias ib tug neeg muab tus mob siab rau los ntawm cov uas nws nyob quaj tawv heev thiab tag nrho, tab sis lub neej nws tus kheej squeezed nyob rau hauv ib tug heev nqaim lub sij hawm ncej ntawm destiny.

Tag nrho cov contradictions yuav tsis ploj tsis tso tseg, los yog rov, vim nws yog txoj cai ntawm lub neej. Baratynsky - skeptic, nws tsis yog li ntawd kev txhawj xeeb txog hnyuj hnyo nyob rau tib lub siab li pawg xav txog nws. Hais txog nws lub neej, nws hais raws li inevitable rau tus tib neeg raug kev txom nyem uas nrog nws txij thaum yug mus tuag.

Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm Baratynsky contemporaries pom ib tug txawj ntse kws sau paj lug Pushkin feem ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, nws ua hauj lwm ho tsis to taub qhov thuam. Tab sis lub Lavxias teb sab Symbolists, nws twb ntaus nqi raws li ib tug loj thiab ywj siab lyricist thiab philosopher, sim embody nyob rau hauv poetic kab ntawm ib yam dab tsi no: thiab yooj yim mus rau kis.

nqi

Pushkin lub sij hawm paj huam yeej tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm kev sib haum xeeb thiab sib raug zoo. Lawv txawj sib tham feem ntau mus phem heev, tom thiab uncompromising polemic tawm tsam nyob rau hauv kev sib tham ntau heev ua rau muaj kev txaus siab tw.

Raws li koj tau pom, muaj ib co teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov zajlus lub neej, tab sis cov paj huam ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua Pushkin lub sij hawm tsim sai heev thiab mus txog ib tug siab kab lis kev cai. Thiab ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws yog txhua yam rau nws nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw A. S. Pushkinu, tsaug, nyob rau theem ntawm ntse heev uas tau befallen Russia mechanism rau lub creation ntawm paj huam thiab cov paj huam dovedshy lus mem tsis tau zoo tag nrho.

Pushkin lub sij hawm paj huam qhib rau peb lub golden hnub nyoog ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, uas tseem unsurpassed lub sij hawm glittering muaj tswv yim sib ntaus ntawm cov domestic Muses. Thiab tam sim no peb muaj lub sij hawm yuav txaus siab rau lawv kawg li tej hauj lwm.

xaus

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis tsuas mus rau Pushkin paub ntawm cov lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam yog yam ntxwv, tab sis nws yog lub hnub nyob rau hauv lub ntuj, uas nyiam raws li peb qhov system planetary lwm kaj thiab sparkling, zoo-cim poetic ntiaj chaw, txhua tus uas muaj lub peev xwm los nyiam rau hauv nws cov orbit ntau me satellites.

Poets Pushkin sij hawm - ib tug majestic foundation ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Nrog lawv creativity tas yuav mus ntsib thiab tshawb tau. Tu siab, lub sij hawm no vzroschennaya Pushkin galaxy ntawm paj huam ua tau heev, thiab muaj yog tsis muaj txoj kev los tham txog txhua tus. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv los ua lub ntsiab dai kom zoo ntawm lub bohemian ntiaj teb no ntawm paj huam.