Cov kab mob thiab microbes nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab mob (cov duab)

Qhov tseeb hais tias peb yog surrounded los ntawm cov kab mob, qhib lub Dutch paub txog Leeuwenhoek. Tom qab ntawd, Pasteur muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj ib qhov txuas ntawm lawv thiab ntau cov kab mob. Microbes nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ib co ntawm cov thawj thiab muaj peev xwm nyob mus txig nyob rau tam sim no, muaj nyob ze li ntawm txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub kub cua ntawm volcanoes thiab nyob rau hauv lub permafrost nyob rau hauv lub arid deserts nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no hiav txwv dej. Ntxiv mus, lawv yog zoo tswm nyob rau hauv lwm yam uas muaj sia nyob thiab loj zoo muaj, tej zaum kuj nqa nws tus tswv rau txoj kev tuag.

Raws li sab microbes?

Antoniy Levenguk invented lub tshuab kuaj kab mob thiab nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm hlub mus saib dab tsi yuav tsis tau pom nrog tus liab qab qhov muag. Nws yog 1676. Thaum lub inventor txiav txim siab los nrhiav tau tawm yog vim li cas kua txob tincture ntawm burning tus nplaig, ntsia nws nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob, thiab kev daws xav tsis thoob li. Thaum txoj kev nco ntawm ib yam khoom, xws li yog nyob rau hauv tej yam ntawm fantasy ntiaj teb no, circling, gliding, thawb los yog nteg tseem pua pua ntawm sticks, khoom, qwj, hooks. Hais tias yog dab tsi microbes nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob. Leeuwenhoek pib mus xyuas nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob tag nrho cov uas tuaj mus rau tes, thiab qhov txhia chaw tshaaj ua ntej pua pua ntawm tsis paub hais tias creatures, uas nws hu ua animalkulyami. Tus paub txog scraped los ntawm lawv cov kev kho hniav cov quav hniav thiab kuj ntsia nws nrog ib qho kev ntsuas. Raws li nws tom qab sau nyob rau hauv cov quav hniav animalkuley yog ntau tshaj li cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub UK. Cov yooj yim kev tshawb nrhiav tab tom tag nrho cov science hu ua microbiology (pwm nyob rau khob cij yees duab).

Microbes - uas yog qhov no los yog hais tias?

Microbes hu ua ib tug loj loj pab pawg neeg ntawm protozoa, uniting beings nuclear-dawb (cov kab mob, archaea), thiab muaj ib tug ntxhais (fungi). Nyob rau lub ntiaj teb, lawv muaj ntau ntau. Ib txhia cov kab mob, muaj txog ib tug lab hom. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nta lawv yuav mus rau uas muaj sia nyob. Muaj ntau nthuav zoo li microbes nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob. Lawv saib heev ntau haiv neeg. Qhov ntev microbes sib txawv los ntawm 0.3 mus 750 microns (1 micron sib npaug ib thousandth ntawm ib millimeter). Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv lawv yog cov puag ncig zoo li ib tug pob (cocci), pas nrig-zoo li tus (Bacillus thiab lwm tus), cov mus rau hauv kauv (spirilla, vibrio), xws li cubes, cov hnub qub thiab bublichki. Muaj ntau microbes muaj flagella thiab villi rau ib tug muaj kev vam meej zog. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog ib leeg-celled, tab sis muaj multicellular, piv txwv li, fungi, cov kab mob thiab ntsuab algae (yees duab pwm kab mob).

Livelihoods thiab vaj tse

Feem ntau cov paub rau hnub no microbes muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug nrab sov kub. 40 degrees thiab saum toj no, lawv yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau ntau tshaj li ib teev, thiab thaum hau tua instantly. Tsis tas li ntawd rau cov teeb meem tawg thiab ncaj qha tshav ntuj. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lawv muaj cov huab ncaws pob los mas txawm + 400 ° C! Ib tug flavobaktin kab mob nyob rau hauv lub stratosphere, yog tsis ntshai ntawm tej khaub thuas los yog cosmic tawg.

Tag nrho cov kab mob ua pa. Tsuas yog ib tug pa nws xav tau kev pab, thiab lwm leej lwm tus - carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen thiab lwm yam hais. Qhov tshaj plaws xwb uas koj xav tau tag nrho cov microbes - kua. Yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj dej, lawv yuav nplua txawm lub hnoos qeev. Cov no yog cov kab mob uas nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tib neeg. Nws yog Kwv yees hais tias txhua tus ntawm peb txog 2 kg microbes. Lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv lub plab, cov hnyuv, lub ntsws, daim tawv nqaij, nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj. Heev heev heev cov kab mob nyob rau hauv cov rau tes (nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab mob nws yog zoo kawg nkaus ntshiab). Thaum lub sij hawm hnub, peb lees paub txhais tes rau ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev kawm, tsawm cov kab mob uas yog nyob rau hauv lawv, nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes. Ordinary xab npum tua feem ntau cov kab mob, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tes, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntev si thiab yug ntse (yees duab rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov kab mob).

khoom noj khoom haus

Microbes, xws li tib neeg beings, pub cov nqaijrog, carbohydrates, mineral tshuaj, cov rog. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog cov "zoo li" vitamins.

Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau hauv lub microbes hauv ib lub tshuab kuaj kab mob nrog ib tug zoo zoom, koj yuav saib tau lawv cov qauv. Lawv muaj nucleoid khaws cia DNA, ribosomes, proteins uas tsim los ntawm cov amino acids, thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb daim nyias nyias. Los ntawm nws microbes nqus khoom noj khoom haus. Muaj autotrophic kab mob assimilating lawv yuav tsum tshuaj los ntawm inorganic tebchaw. Muaj heterotrophic, uas yuav tsuas yuav noj ready-made organic tebchaw. Qhov no zoo kawg li poov, pwm, putrefaction kab mob. Tib neeg cov zaub mov cov khoom rau lawv feem ntau coveted Wednesday. Muaj paratrofnye microbes uas muaj nyob tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov organic teeb meem lwm yam nyob beings. Cov no muaj xws tag nrho cov kab mob. Lub ib thooj ntawm microbes tsuas yog halophiles, yuav tsis muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas ib tug siab ntsev concentration. Qhov no feature yog siv nyob rau hauv pickling zaub mov (yees duab gonorrhea kab mob).

tu tub tu kiv

Tiam, tej yam kab mob muaj nyob rau kev sib deev kev, albeit nyob rau hauv ib tug heev txheej thaum ub daim ntawv. Nws cov lus dag nyob rau hauv cov kis ntawm roj ntsha noob los ntawm niam txiv rau cov xeeb ntxwv hlwb. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev hu lub "niam txiv" los yog haum ntawm ib leeg. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, mikroby- "me nyuam" yuav tau cov yam ntxwv ntawm leej niam leej txiv. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob me nyuam los mus faib los ntawm ib tug transverse constriction los yog budding. Peb coj raws li lub microbes nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob, koj yuav saib tau npaum li cas ib co ntawm lawv nyob rau ib kawg muaj ib tug me me sprout (bud). Nws yog loj hlob sai heev, nws yog ces sib cais los ntawm lub niam kab mob thiab pib ywj siab lub neej. Microbial "niam" nyob rau hauv no txoj kev yuav ua tau ib 4 mus rau cov me nyuam, ces tuag (yees duab Helicobacter pylori, ua hnyuv ulcers, mob cancer).

Lub microbes yog cov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob?

Ib txhia neeg xav hais tias cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob - yog tib yam. Tab sis qhov no yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Kab mob, ua rau feem ntau heev heev cov ntaub ntawv lub neej, yog tus kab mob uas nyob tsuas yog nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm lwm tus neeg. Yog hais tias peb yuav saib tau lub microbes nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob los yog magnifying khob, cov kab mob uas muaj tsawg tshaj li ib puas lub sij hawm cov kab mob, yuav pom tau tias tsuas muaj hwj chim loj electron rub kom pom loj. Txhua txhua zaug xwb tus kab mob no - cab uas ua rau tus kab mob nyob rau hauv tib neeg, nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab txawm kab mob. Cov yav tas yog hu ua bacteriophages. Nyob rau lub ntiaj teb, lawv yog loj npaum li cas tshaj cov kab mob. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv hiav txwv dej diav ntawm txog 250 lab. Seawater yog li ntawd pab tau hais tias nws muaj cov kab mob tua bacteriophages. Thaum uas txuas mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov kab mob, lawv ua kom puas nws lub plhaub thiab tau hauv. Muaj cov kab mob pib tsim lawv tus kheej zoo, raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tus tswv tsev cell tuag. Cia li coj virusofagi. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj rau zus tau tej cov tshuaj tua kab mob (nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab - bacteriophages).

Kab mob-phooj ywg

Amazingly, tsuas ib feem kaum ntawm peb trillions ntawm hlwb - ua tau tib neeg. Lwm tus yuav mus rau cov kab mob thiab microbes. No Diam duab kab mob nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab mob yog bifidobacteria. Lawv pab tau peb zom zaub mov, tiv thaiv pathogens, tsim amino acids. Peb hnyuv kab mob no tsis tshua muaj neeg pab tau. Txawm li cas los, tsuas yog raws li ntev raws li lawv tus xov tooj yog nruj me ntsis balanced. Sai li sai tau raws li tej kab mob yuav ntau tshaj li tsim nyog, ib tug neeg muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob, los ntawm dysbiosis rau plab ulcers.

Yuav kom pab tau thiab yog lactic acid cov kab mob, "raug kev lag luam" yogurt rau peb, cheese, yogurt. Cov kab mob thiab siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cawv txiv hmab, poov xab, tej herbicides, chiv thiab tshaj.

Peb phem tshaj yeeb ncuab

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub "zoo" cov kab mob, muaj yog ib tug loj loj pab tub rog ntawm "phem" - pathogenic. Cov no muaj xws Yersinia pestis, tus kab mob diphtheria, syphilis, tuberculosis, cancer thiab thiaj li nyob. "Phem" microbes nyob ib ncig ntawm peb trillions. Lawv yog qhov txhia chaw, tab sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib tug ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv pej xeem qhov chaw - nyob rau hauv cov leeg nyob rau hauv pej xeem thauj, nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj, nyob rau hauv pej xeem chaw. Kab mob nyob rau hauv koj txhais tes nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab mob, thaum peb saib lawv tom qab rov qab los ntawm lub khw, cia li teeming nrog. Yog li ntawd, lub ob txhais tes yuav tsum tau ntxuav nquag, tab sis tsis muaj fanaticism. Siv antibacterial cov neeg ua hauj yog undesirable, raws li nws ua rau yus dryness ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab tsis muaj zog txog lub cev.

Cov shocking pom ua thiab cov kab mob rau ntawm cov hniav nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob. Lawv tuaj rau peb nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj nrog zaub mov, hnia, thaum ua pa. Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj los qhia rau, yog hais tias tsuas rau ib tug txhuam hniav yuav suav txog li 100 lab cab. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias tus menyuam txhuam hniav yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv tib lub chav tsev nrog lub chav dej. Microbes nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj yog cov originators ntawm caries, ncig kab mob, mob kab mob. Kev ua yuav tiv thaiv tau lawv lub tu ntawm cov hniav thiab tus nplaig, thiab tom qab txhua pluas mov - antibacterial tshuaj yaug qhov ncauj npaj.