Xov xwm thiab Society, Txiv neej tej teeb meem
Cov KH-90 "Koala": kev specifications
Hypersonic missile KH-90 - ib tug tshiab Lavxias teb sab super-riam phom nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau Washington lub missile tiv thaiv qhov kev pab cuam. Tsos thiab specifications cuaj luaj rau pom tseeb yog vim li cas yog ib tug tub rog tsis pub leejtwg paub. Raws li ib txhia qhov chaw, xws cuaj luaj yuav tsum coj mus rau kev pab los ntawm lub xyoo 2010.
Lavxias teb sab President hais tias lub hypersonic missile KH-90 "Koala" yog tau kov yeej tej yam uas cov paub thiab missile meej ntaus lub hom phiaj raws li nws sab av loj thiab lwm yam continents.
Zaj dabneeg hauv lub foob pob ua ntxaij
Ntiaj teb no missile project yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union rov qab rau hauv lub sixties. Lub tswv yim muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm warheads tshaj cov cua mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb orbit hais tias nws yog muab rau hauv ib tug txiv neej-ua satellite, thiab tom qab lub braking engine twb raug xa mus rau lub nkag rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Nyob rau hauv 1971, muaj lub npaj peb tes num ntawm me me xaiv yaam cruise missiles, Soviet designers tau tig mus rau tus tsoom fwv los mus siv qhov project no. Nyob rau hauv xyoo ntawd, lub teb twb tsis ua raws li. Tab sis los ntawm thaum pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tswv yim cruise missiles nyob rau hauv 1975 los ntawm lub tebchaws United States txij li thaum 1971. tsis nco qab lawm designers tau kom mus pib lub project nyob rau hauv 1976 thiab ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv 1982. Los ntawm kawg ntawm 1983 twb npaj mus coj "lub tshiab khiv ua" foob pob ua ntxaij mus rau kev pab. Yuav tsum mus rau lub foob pob ua ntxaij yog cov siab tshaj plaws. Thiab ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog mus cuag nws cov supersonic ceev. Nyob rau hauv lub eighties ceev twb plaub Makhov.
Lub MAKS-1997 nyob rau hauv lub NGO Pavilion "Zaj sawv" (lub koom haum no twb tsim cuaj luaj) qhua twb tau pom hypersonic aircraft GLA, uas tau los ua tus tsab ntawm lub neej tom ntej ntawm ib tug tshiab cruise missile.
Rau cov neeg uas xav to taub seb nws zoo li missile KH-90, yees duab saum toj no.
foob pob ua ntxaij Feature
SFA yuav tsum nqa ob tug warhead muaj peev xwm ntawm ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog ib puas kilometers ntawm tsoo lub hom phaj rau lawv tus kheej. Chiv, qhov ntev ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij yog sib npaug zos rau kaum ob meters. Tom qab, Txawm li cas los, nws twb tau mus txo mus rau ib tug ntev ntawm yim rau cuaj meters. Tom qab sib cais los ntawm lub aircraft carrier nyob rau hauv lub foob pob ua ntxaij qhia tawm voos tis nrog ib tug ntsua kev tsis ntau tshaj li xya meters, raws li zoo raws li tus Tsov tus tw. Tom qab uas lub khoom-hom tsuj roj, tas cov missile nce mus txog supersonic ceev. Ces pib ua boosters, tsim ib tug ceev ntawm plaub mus rau tsib Makhov. Lub voos kheej-kheej ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm xws li ib tug missile los txog rau peb txhiab tsib puas kis lus mev.
community launch tsheb
Tu-160 yog supersonic, xaiv yaam missile muaj ib tug tis nrog nce mus nce los cheb. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub eighties nyob rau hauv lub Tupolev thiab cov nqi nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab txij li thaum 1987.
Chiv, tej caj npab mus rau muab tso rau ib puas tsav tsheb, tab sis vim hais tias ntawm lub persistence ntawm Americans hais tias lub bombers yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus ntawm teb chaws Nyab Laj, kuv yuav tsum tau nres ntawm peb caug-peb lub tsheb.
Tom qab USSR tsaus muag bomber tau muab faib nruab nrab republics.
Los ntawm 2013, muaj kaum nyob rau hauv lub Armed Forces ntawm Russia xws aircraft. Lawv tag nrho raws li nyob rau hauv lub Volga nyob rau hauv Engels.
"Dawb Swan"
Nws yog cov coob thiab heaviest supersonic kev sib ntaus los aircraft nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, uas muaj cov loj tshaj plaws nqa mus-off loj ntawm cov bombers. Pilots ntawm lawv tus kheej muaj siab hlub hu ua nws "Dawb Swan" vim hais tias ntawm lub graceful thiab slender zoo.
Tiam sis nws muaj lwm lub npe, "ib tug rab ntaj nrog kaum ob tuaj", "constraint", "lub teb chaws riam phom", "Lavxias teb sab ya txuj ci tseem ceeb." Ib tug NATO hu ua nws ib co yog vim li cas, nees nkaum ib.
TU-160M yog upgraded Tu-160, uas yog ntsia tau rau hauv ib tug tshiab hluav taws xob khoom thiab riam phom X-90 foob pob ua ntxaij. Nws yuav nqa ib tug standard riam phom, piv txwv li, 90 OFAB-500U, tab sis ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib cov cab kuj X 90 hypervelocity Maneuvering foob pob ua ntxaij.
Txhua tshuab nws muaj nws tus kheej lub npe, rau Piv txwv li: "Ilya Muromets", "Alexander Molodshy", "Mikhail Gromov," thiab lwm tus neeg.
Propellants thiab cov tsav mus cuag hypersonic
Hypersound - ib tug ceev uas yog siab tshaj 5 tshaj tawm los ntawm lub teeb los yog tsib Mach. Rau cov heev luv luv lub sij hawm uas ceev tau mus txog ntau cuaj luaj nrog cov pa xyaw rau lawv. Tab sis ya ntawm ib tug kub ceev rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yog tau yog hais tias qhov missile yog muab nrog ib tug scramjet. Nws tseem hu ua skramdzhet.
Lub ntsiab feature thiab kom zoo dua ntawm no engine yog hais tias nws tsis tau nqa nrog lawv ib tug oxidant. Nyob rau hauv no cav siv atmospheric oxygen. Roj rau yeej tseem zoo GPRVD yog hydrogen los yog kerosene.
Yuav kom tsim xws li ib engine pib nyob rau hauv lub fifties ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Thiab tus thawj cua ntsawj ntshab ntawm aircraft nrog xws li xyaw tau nyob rau hauv lub sixties. Designers tsim qhov chaw system - reusable "Kauv", uas muaj ib tug hypersonic aircraft accelerates thiab orbital tub rog aircraft, muaj ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij koob. Hypersonic dispersing dav hlau yuav tsum leeb rau Mach rau hydrogen roj thiab mus txog rau plaub thiab ib tug ib nrab nyob rau hauv kerosene. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub kawg nws tau txiav txim rau equip lub apparatus ntawm turbojet xyaw.
Hypersonic pryamotochniki pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub seventies, siv lawv pab kiag li lawm anti-aircraft missiles.
NASP thiab TU-2000
Nyob rau hauv 1986, nyob rau hauv teb mus rau lub US kev pab cuam Appolo, raws li NASP project nyob rau hauv lub USSR, nws twb txiav txim siab mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug nam sib npaug ntawm NASP, reusable ib leeg-theem video conferencing. Project bomber TU-2000 tau pom zoo nrog rau cov teev pib hnyav nyob rau hauv peb puas thiab rau caum tons, ib tug ceev ntawm Mach rau, ntau yam kaum txhiab kilometers nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm peb caug kilometers.
Cov ua hauj lwm twb ua, tab sis vim hais tias ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, lawv pib hnav sluggish. Cov neeg koom ntawm peb tes num tuaj tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug thoob ntiaj teb thiab pib muab kev koom tes nrog Fabkis designers. Txawm li cas los, ua hauj lwm ua ke, raws li qhia los ntawm lub hai thwmsim, nws yog hai.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub NASP project kuj tsis txawv ntau npaum li cas zoo thiab kaw nyob rau hauv lub nineties.
Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, tsis Russia los yog cov United States tsis yog yuav mus muab li nkaus rau hypersonic.
"Security-2004"
Nyob rau hauv xyoo 2004, cov lus qhia ntawm "Security-2004" twb muaj. Lawv kawm los ntawm bombers TU-160 nrog rau riam phom hu ua missile KH-90 "Koala".
Hais tias tib lub xyoo, cov thawj coj ntawm Russia VV Putin hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab Armed Forces yuav tau txais nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej xws tauj systems uas yuav muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm high-precision ntawm hypersonic ceev thiab kuj zoo kawg Maneuvering thaum tsav tsheb nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub hom phiaj ua hauj lwm ntawm ncua kev ntawm ntau tshaj ib tug teb chaws.
Kws txawj hais tias cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv nws hais lus twb xa mus rau lub missile.
Cov foob pob ua ntxaij yog hu ua tus X-90
Zog ntawm Guj kuj tau txiav txim siab los siv lawv cov tshiab American lub sij hawm. Xws li yog cov lus teb rau Washington qhov kev kawm ntawm missile KH-90 (uas yog "Koala").
Nws sau los ntawm tus xaiv yaam bombers Tu-160M - cov kev txaus siab thiab cov tub rog zaum ntawm Russia hnub no.
Tom qab sib cais los ntawm lub community launch tsheb ntawm lub KH-90 nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm xya txhiab mus rau nees nkaum txhiab meters ntawm voos qhib nws tis thiab tus Tsov tus tw. Acceleration rau supersonic ceev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm lub chaw no lub sij hawm ib tug khoom foob pob ua ntxaij koob. Ces los txog rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntsiab engine, los ntawm kev uas X-cruise missile 90 nce mus txog ib tug ceev ntawm Mach tsib. Ntau cuaj luaj - peb thiab ib nrab txhiab kilometers.
Tests cuaj luaj KH-90
Cov coj noj coj ua ntawm peb lub teb chaws ntseeg hais tias tsis muaj lub xeev yog tus tswv ntawm hypersonic cuaj luaj tsuas yog Russia. Nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, ib zaug uas lawv txoj kev loj hlob, txawj subsonic cuaj luaj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Russia xws ua hauj lwm txuas ntxiv mus, tab sis yog muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm ib ntus kev cuam tshuam. Nyob rau hauv 2001, nws qhia "Topol" missile community launch. Kws txawj sau tseg hais tias nws cov warhead differed coj cwj pwm txawv. Thaum lub sij hawm commemorative ce nyob rau hauv 2004 nws tau launched ob ballistic cuaj luaj "Topol-M" thiab cov RS-18. Tom qab ntawd peb hais tias lub missile system twb tso tawm sim apparatus, uas tuaj tom qab lub community launch rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab ces rov qab mus rau lub ntuj kaaj quas lug. Nws ciali tsis yooj yim sua, vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm reentry foob pob ua ntxaij ceev tau tsib txhiab meters ib ob, los yog hais txog kaum yim txhiab tus kilometers moos, thiab lub warhead yog muaj kev tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv overheating thiab overloads. Qhov no unit muaj cov kev ceev, Ntxiv, yuav yooj yim hloov cov kev coj ntawm lub davhlau thiab tsis cev qhuav dej. Kws txawj pom zoo hais tias nws yog tus X-90 - ib tug xaiv yaam cruise missile, cov tsos ntawm cov uas tseem yog ib tug paub tsis meej.
Lub uniqueness ntawm tus dais muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nyob rau hauv PC-18, muaj ib tug ntaus ntawv uas hloov lub suab thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub davhlau. Li no, tej missile muaj txuj ci, xws li cov US, lawv muaj peev xwm yuav kov yeej.
Strategic Missile Rog
Lavxias teb sab xaiv yaam kev foob pob ua ntxaij Rog xws li peb missile cov tub rog thiab kaum missile pawg. Raws li ib feem ntawm lawv cov riam phom yog xya puas peb caug-tsib cuaj luaj ballistic muaj 3159 nuclear warheads, xws li "Voivod" silo-raws li "ua li cas" nrog 360 warheads, mobile "Topol", "Topol-M" thiab lwm tus neeg.
Raws li kws txawj, txawm tias ib feem me me yuav tsum nruab nrog cruise missiles, missile troops yuav ntev unrivaled thiab unattainable rau tej missile tiv thaiv. Ntxiv mus, raws li Lavxias teb sab kws txawj, muaj lwm cov kev pab, xws li "khaub thuas" thiab "Dav dawb hau", nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tsim ib tug hypersonic warhead.
Tawm tsam nonsensical thiab txaus ntshai
Vim nws tus yam ntxwv, tus KH-90 "Koala" thiab lwm yam niaj hnub ua tub rog uas tau ua lub American missile tiv thaiv puas. Yog li ntawd, lub tebchaws United States pib yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ze ntawm lub ciam teb rau lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab radar tshuab rau lub nrhiav kom tau thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov cuaj luaj kom sai li sai raws li muaj ib tug pib thiab tsis muaj lub sij hawm yuav cais cov warhead.
Tab sis nyob rau hauv no hais txog, Zog ntawm Guj kuj muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm countermeasures, paub thiab tsis pub leejtwg paub. Yog hais tias lub missile KH-90 "Koala" yuav cais cov warhead, nws yuav kiag li invulnerable.
Kev tshem riam phom ua tau?
Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, thaum tag nrho viav vias caj npab haiv neeg ntawm ob superpowers, sim tau lawm los rau lwm txoj kev. Kos Npe cog lus ratified, tab sis lub caj npab haiv neeg mus rau hauv thiab nyob, thiab thaum lub sij hawm ntawm strained kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov USSR thiab lub tebchaws United States froze lub ntiaj teb no thiab thov Vajtswv rau lawv tawm.
Nyob rau hauv lub eighties, los muaj hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union tuaj rau MS Gorbachev, leej twg ua tau nres qhov no yog tej zaum meaningless caj npab haiv neeg. Nws yog tu siab tias tus nqi ntawm no txiav yog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub teb chaws, lub taub hau ntawm uas nws sawv. Raws li cov ntawv cog lus kos npe rau los ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union liquidated ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm riam phom. Lub United States kuj muaj cov luag num mus tshem tawm lawv tej riam phom, tab sis raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cog ntawm lub USSR yuav luag poob nws superpower raws li txoj cai, thiab tsis ntev poob sib nrug, thiab lub tebchaws United States los ua tus xwb superpower ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tsis tau poob nws cov tub rog muaj peev xwm.
Soviet riam phom txoj kev loj hlob, nrog rau cruise missiles, daim ntau quav tso los ntawm kev nrhav tau puas lawm, thiab tus lawm yog txo los yog txawm nres kiag li.
Cuaj kaum, tag nrho cov chaos, uas kho cov US thiab nws cov phoojywg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, twb tas nrog lub Soviet Union, ua rau cov ntseeg hais tias yog ib tug kev sib nrig sib disarmament yuav tsum tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yuav tsum tau tiag tiag kev sib nrig sib thiab zoo txaus.
Tab sis kom txog thaum cov haiv neeg tau tuaj mus rau qhov no theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, thiab lub xeev yeej muaj ib tug sab nraud kev hem thawj, nws yuav tsum yeej ib txwm npaj txhij mus ua tej nres.
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