Cov koj architectural monuments ntawm St. Petersburg: daim ntawv teev, hauj lwm, yees duab

Ib tug zoo heev qhia ntawm lub complex - architectural monuments ntawm St. Petersburg ntawm ib tug exceptional feature ntawm lub historic nroog centre, txawm lub fact tias nws yog tus hluas capital ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Distinguished St. Petersburg yog zoo xav tawm kev general tsev, amazing proportionality ntawm tag nrho cov nroog lossis thiab kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv cov style polyphony nyob rau hauv view ntawm heev tsawg-tseem ceeb ntuj ib puag ncig. Hais qhov tseeb, thiab tseem ceeb mus rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov kos duab thiab architectural monuments ntawm St. Petersburg.

Yeej thiab tswv

Vaj tse nyob rau hauv lub nroog raws li muaj ntau yam raws li kaum tsib txawv architectural yeej, cov ntsiab yuav tsum tau hu ua Baroque - ib tug Petrine thiab Elizabeth, Classicism, faj tim teb chaws, eclectic, niaj hnub thiab constructivism. Italian Baroque - lub flowering lub sij hawm ntawm absolutism - los ntawm 16 mus rau 18 xyoo pua. Ntawm no kov yeej txhua yam complex curvilinear, puab, splendor thiab quirkiness. Architectural monuments ntawm St. Petersburg pib no style yog heev saj zawg zog.

Yuav kom Peter architecture nyob rau hauv Russia hu ua "Lavxias teb sab qauv lub" embodied thiab feem ntau nrog lub Byzantine kev lig kev cai nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tuam tsev. Lavxias teb sab baroque - lub merger ntawm no ob yeej. Txawm li cas los, Moscow thiab Peter lub baroque txawv tsis tsuas yog los ntawm txhua lwm yam tab sis kuj mus rau ib tug ntau dua twg - los ntawm Western teb chaws Europe. Yog hais tias peb los sib piv cov architectural monuments ntawm St. Petersburg lub Petrovsky ntu qhov chaw ntawm tej ancient Italian los yog Fabkis nroog, koj yuav tau tus kheej tseeb no.

Peter tus baroque

Tsar Peter kuv txaus siab caw architects los ntawm sab hnub poob, thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim rau hauv lub German-Dutch-Italian-Fabkis co-creation ntawm no phenomenon sawv St. Petersburg style. Nws yog tus Great Northern ua tsov ua rog, thaj tsev twb ua tau yuav luag overhauled, kiag li makeshift ntoo sai sai.

Tab sis txawm ces muaj lug uas paub txog peb cov contemporaries: lub shipyard, qhov chaw nres nkoj, lub tsev fuabtais - nrog ib tug yooj yim, terse, khi thiab muaj kuab architecture tsim nyob rau hauv tseem ceeb los ntawm tus Dutch thiab cov Germans.

Stucco, porticoes thiab colonnades tsis, tab sis lub facades twb feem ntau pediments, volutes, Pilasters, thiab lub ru tsev - kub tse uas qhia txog tag nrho cov ntsug thiab kab rov tav cov lus qhia. Hauv lub tsev yog feem ntau npaj nrog ib tug suite. Txawm ces, cov tsev twb nruab dej ntws yaug chaw thiab khiav dej.

piv txwv

Tuam tsev thiab fortification architecture yog yooj yim, tab sis elegant tswb pej thuam ntawm Peter thiab Paul Cathedral, Saint Panteleimon tuam tsev, Peter thiab Paul Fortress nrog nws Peter rooj vag, Lub caij ntuj sov Palace ntawm Peter lub Great, Menshikov Palace, Kaum Ob tug Collegia, Kikin Chamber ntawm Curiosities, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Italian palace nyob rau hauv Kronstadt . Lub architects ntawm lub sij hawm: MG Zemtsov, Domenico Trezzini, A. Schluter, JB Leblon, G. Mattarnovi, JM Fontana.

Elizaveta Petrovna

Petra Velikogo tus ntxhais yog deb ntawm nws txiv lub tsev ambitions, tab sis tag nrho cov ntawm nws era mus thov cov tswv yim ntawm Western European Baroque purer tsim nws raws li ib tug faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes yog tshaib plab splendor, magnificence thiab grandeur. Architectural monuments ntawm St. Petersburg ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua feem ntau kom meej meej tuab lub zuag qhia tag nrho cov style ntawm lub nroog. Tsa lub loj cathedrals, temples, mansions, palaces - tag nrho cov ntau hniav paintings thiab yas, nrog thoob plaws staircases sab hauv, nrog ob tug tiers ntawm qhov rais thiab suites ntawm cov chav.

Lub interiors ntawm lub sij hawm twb fantastically whimsical, nrog ib tug nplua mais ntawm cov duab puab, carved ornaments nrog patterned flooring thiab tsom iav. Tam baroque xim nrog ib tug thiaj inserts. Nws tau resumed qhov kev siv ntawm tsib-domed pawg ntseeg, xa rov qab rau hauv lub lig kev cai ntawm carved gilded iconostasis thiab Lavxias teb sab lub tuam tsev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm Byzantine canons. Thiab tam sim no cov qhua yuav tuaj koom nrog lub splendor ntawm style, uas yog muab architectural monuments ntawm St. Petersburg.

Luv luv txog lub masters thiab cov vaj tse

Qhov no era ntawm crowns, ntawm chav kawm, Rastrelli, tab sis lawv ua hauj lwm alongside thiab FS Argun, thiab SI Chevakinsky thiab AV Kvass thiab P. Trezzini thiab AF Whist. Nees nkaum xyoo ua ntej 1760 Anichkov tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Elizabethan baroque Stroganov thiab Vorontsov palaces, Smolny Cathedral, Catherine Palace nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye selo, lub caij ntuj no Palace thiab cov poj Peterhof, Naval Cathedral thiab ntau npaum li cas.

Ekaterina Velikaya

Lub tom ntej nees nkaum xyoo, lub St. Petersburg siv proceeded nyob rau hauv lub kos npe rau ntawm enlightened absolutism thiab nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm thaum ntxov classicism. Vaj tse twb tau tau harmonically kom, nrog rau cov hnyav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm simplicity thiab grandeur ntawm lub tib lub sij hawm - raws li ib tug ua lag ua luam daim ntawv tsis kawg lub teb chaws.

Cov tsos mob - lub ancient kev txiav txim, monumentality, restraint, txhua yam yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib tug classical-style vaj tse ntawm architectural monuments ntawm St. Petersburg. Diam duab piav qhia yuav pab qha rau hauv thaum ntxov classicism ntawm nws lwm ntau ntau yam.

Vaj tse nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm thaum ntxov classicism

Tus tam sim no Administration Building RGPU rau Moika - lub qub palace ntawm Count Razumovsky, leej twg los ua tus AF Kokorinov thiab JB Vallin de la Mothe, yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj thaum ntxov-classical-style tsev. Nws architecture yog pom cov ntsiab ntawm cov Corinthian thiab Ionic kev txiav txim, reliefs, Arcade, tab sis tej yam barokko ntau hnov li cas. Pem hauv ntej vaj nrog monumental rooj vag thiab xov laj kab underlines lub solemnity ntawm lub tsev.

Architectural monuments ntawm St. Petersburg, uas yog ib tug tsis tshua ntev daim ntawv teev cov presents thiab lwm yam tsim yaam tshab ntawm cov txawj ntse ntxias. Nws Repin lub koom haum rau lub tsev kawm ntawv Embankment, 17, thiab ua ntej lawm muaj lub Imperial Academy ntawm Fine Arts; St. Petersburg State University lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub waterfront, 9, ua ntej lawm - cov ntaub ntawv rau pob ua si; Yusupov Palace. Vallin de la Mothe tsa Dai vaj thiab lub North Pavilion ntawm lub Me Hermitage. Yuri Felten, me nyuam kawm ntawv Rastrelli ua ib lub tsev kawm rau cov menyuam ntxhais philistine, loj Hermitage, lub Armenian Koom Txoos, cov Lutheran Koom Txoos nyob rau Vasilyevsky Island thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Anne rau Kirochnaya, 8.

nruj classicism

Kiag li devoid ntawm nta barokko vaj tse tsev tom qab 1780, kuj zwm rau Catherine classicism. Lawv nruj me ntsis raws li cov classical kev txiav txim ntawm Vitruvius thiab Palladio - lub symmetrical layouts, uas nws kim heev kev siv ntawm arcades, colonnades, pediments, porticoes. Lub interiors yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ntawv luam ntawm antique sculptures thiab ntau yam ntsiab ntawm ancient civilizations.

Cov tho kev ntawm lub St. Petersburg style ua Cameron, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm VI Bazhenov, D. Kvarnegi, IE Ib tug laus, NA Tom tsov ntxhuav. Lawv tej hauj lwm - kev sib raug zoo thiab compositional tiav, conciseness thiab proportionality cov ntaub ntawv. Ib tug piv txwv - tus Tauride Palace.

Pavlovsky classicism

Qhov no tsib-xyoo lub sij hawm mus txog rau 1801 pib ib tug me ntsis romantic version ntawm classicist architecture, uas yog kom meej meej los ntawm cov Gothic style. Qhov no yog feem ntau Chesme Palace kes duab vajtse ym Felten - voos zoo nrog gothic ntsiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov turrets, toothed Lancet qhov rais thiab parapets.

Architectural monuments ntawm St. Petersburg Iwj thiab yav qab teb sab Europe hom Mikhailovsky Tsev fuabtais, nyob qhov twg cov ntshiab classicism - nws yog lub ntsiab thiab sab qab teb facades ntawm lub sab hauv. Tsev fuabtais zoo aggressively, ua siab tawv qhawv, hnyav cornices sab qaum teb facade reminiscent ntawm knightly nyiam.

Alexander tus classicism

Cov thawj ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws los ua Alexander tus classicism, uas yog feem ntau nrhiav tau nrog lub teb chaws Ottoman style. Alexander kuv feem ntau kuj raug caw tuaj koom txawv teb chaws architects, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov Fabkis.

Yog li ntawd, lub tsev ntawm lub sij hawm no qhov txawv stringent Doric los yog Tuscan kev txiav txim thiab hnyav txhua. Tshwm sim sphinxes thiab lwm yam hais txog Iyiv Revival architecture. Rua nruj kab, majestic, monumental dluab nrog lub simplicity thiab clarity ntawm lub silhouette.

Piv txwv ntawm cov thawj kauj faj tim teb chaws

Nyob rau hauv no style ntawm St. Petersburg architectural monuments sawv cev los ntawm lub Mining lub koom haum lub tsev nyob rau Vasilyevsky Island, ua drawings ntawm A. Vorohnina. Flutes rau ib tug Doric kem tshwj xeeb zoo mus rau ntsiab lub style zoo xws li cov ancient temples, statues lawm Antaeus, Hercules thiab Proserpina yog tam sim no muaj.

Txawm nto moo ntau tej hauj lwm ntawm no master - Kazan Cathedral. Huab tais Paul, uas npaj nws, xav kom rov hais dua cov Vatican St. Peter, thiab nyob rau hauv ib co nthuav dav cov kev zoo sib thooj yuav pom: nyob rau hauv lub zuag qhia tag nrho tsim, ib tug haib central dome, nyob rau hauv lub elongated basilica thiab nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm lub tswb ntauwd. Xijpeem, nws yog ib tug tiag tiag dai kom zoo ntawm Nevsky Prospekt.

High classicism (Lig)

Ntau tshaj txhua nyob rau hauv no style ua hauj lwm Tom de Thomon: lub tsev ntawm cov Bolshoi Theatre (hmoov tsis, yog tseem tsis tau kiag li), lub tsev ntawm Countess Laval tshiab ua lag luam complex thiab cov nto qaub ncaug ntawm Vasilyevsky Island (rostral txhua, heev). Koj yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias nws yog dav spaced txhua ntxiv mus rau lub Tshuag txauv tsev qhov chaw thiab harmonizes nrog lub muaj pes tsawg leeg Nevsky prostor. Thiab lub tsev nws tus kheej, thiab rostral kem dai kom zoo nkauj nrog allegorical sculptures.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsa tus majestic tsev ntawm lub Admiralty - lub cim ntawm lub nroog ntawm lub Neva dej - kes duab lub vajtse AD Zakharov. Nws tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los siv, uas yog tsuas yog tus central ib feem ntawm tus naas ej tus kub tse kws kes duab vajtse IK Korobov. Facades tau ib tug ntau yam, tab sis heev zoo vim lub protruding porticoes thiab Tuscan txhua (los ntawm txoj kev, rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub kiag thiab tseem Ionic). Yog li nws hlua khaub ncaws ntau ntawm cov Senate, thiab St. Isaac Palace Square thiab cov Alexander vaj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, kes duab lub vajtse Quarenghi ua Smolny koom haum - kuj nyob rau hauv lub siab classical style.

Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws

Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws - kev ua koob tsheej ntawm kov yeej Bonaparte: lub classical thiaj system thiab tib cos tshwm commemorative txhua, triumphal arches, architecture sib txuas ntxiv ntawm ntau thiab ntau sculptures, vaj tse dai kom zoo nkauj nrog eagles, laurel wreaths, armor thiab lwm yam militaristic symbolism.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws masters ntawm no kev taw qhia - VP Stas thiab Ki Rossi. Cov yav tas yog heev ua siab loj hloov rau lub nroog qhov chaw, muaj ua lub Palace Square nrog lub tsev ntawm lub General neeg ua hauj lwm, Senate Square nrog lub Synod thiab lub Senate, Alexandrinsky ua yeeb yam cheeb tsam. Architectural monuments ntawm St. Petersburg yuav qhia ib tug zoo npaum li cas daim duab dua tej hauj lwm. Qhov ntau li ntawd vim hais ntawm lawv cov loj loj ntau tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua los mus piav txog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ib tug luv luv hauv tsab xov xwm.