Cov tsev khaws khoom ua yeeb yam ntawm Russia thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev coj noj coj ua neej

Nyob rau tim lub tebchaws Greece, qhov chaw no (lub tsev cia puav pheej) muaj kev ywj pheej rau cov thab mus thiab yog, raws li txoj cai, hauv cov tuam tsev dawb huv lossis cov tuam tsev. Nyob rau hauv lub mythology ntawm lub Greeks, lub Muses tau patrons ntawm kos duab, paj huam, science - li lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw dawb huv, qhov twg lawv yuav tsum tau revered nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev tau. Lo lus "tsev cia puav pheej" tshwm sim hauv lub neej txhua hnub thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance hauv Tebchaws Europe. Muaj cov tsev txawb hu ua vaj tse thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv tsim los khaws cov haujlwm ntawm science thiab daim duab tsim los ntawm noob neej.

Dab tsi yog tsev kos duab kos duab?

Tsev khaws puav pheej yog txawv: keeb kwm thiab kev tsim, kev sau ntawv thiab kev tshwj xeeb rau tej pawg haiv neeg los yog lub teb chaws, cov zej zog los yog cov neeg. Cov tsev khaws khoom kos duab muaj chaw tshwj xeeb rau txhua qhov. Ntawm no, raws li txoj cai, ua haujlwm ntawm daim duab - zoo thiab zoo nkauj: duab thiab sculptures, engravings thiab kos duab, pob zeb diamond thiab ntaub pua tsev, cov ntaub ceramics thiab fabrics rau zaub. Nyob rau hauv cov niaj hnub museums, tsis tsuas yog cia thiab zaub ntawm cov khoom pov thawj, tab sis kuj lawv cov kev tshawb fawb, nrog rau cov restoration ntawm monuments ntawm high artistic nqi.

Art puas ntawm Lavxias teb sab (Russia)

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm. Lub tsev khaws khoom ua yeeb yam muaj ib txhiab-xyoo kev ua tiav hauv tebchaws Russia. Nyob rau hauv Kievan Rus, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub cathedrals thiab monasteries ntawm ib co nroog, nplua nuj fabrics, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, phau ntawv (handwritten) nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj hli kub hnyav ntawm kub thiab nyiaj, adorned nrog gems, raug fwm thiab khaws cai. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub sacristies ntawm pawg ntseeg twb khaws cia cov richest collections. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub Trinity-Sergius Lavra (Sergiev Posad) yog ib tug sau ntawm paintings thiab thov arts. Thiab los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th pib los tsim ib tug nplua nuj thiab nthuav sau los ntawm lub Armory Chamber nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin, Moscow. Los ntawm nws, ib tug tej zaum yuav hais, kos duab kos duab ntawm Russia originate. Chav Armory Chamber yog lub tsev khaws khoom qub tshaj plaws uas tau ua tiav thaum xyoo 1806, tab sis muaj ntev ua ntej ntawd. Tam sim no nws yog ib feem ntawm lub Kremlin puas.

Kunstkammer thiab private collections

Tus thawj Lavxias pej xeem tsev cia puav leej suav tau tias yog Kunstkamera hauv St. Petersburg, tau tsim los ntawm Tsab Peter hauv 1714. Nws qhib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1719. Muaj tseeb tiag, lub Kunstkammer - lub tsev cia puav pheej tsis yog qhov zoo nkauj. Muaj tau nthuav tawm, ntxiv rau cov duab kos duab, ntau yam natural science tuaj yeem hais tias Petus tau txais thaum lub sijhawm nws mus ncig txawv tebchaws, los yog pom nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ib cheeb tsam. Cov khoom ntiag tug loj tshaj plaws tau tsim nyob hauv lub caij ntuj no Palace, Tsarskoye Selo, Peterhof thiab Pavlovsk (tom qab lub kiv puag ncig tag nrho cov kev tswj thiab cov palaces tau nationalized thiab muab mus rau hauv kos duab ua yeeb yam hauv Russia). Yog li muaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej-kos Arkhangelskoye, Kuskovo thiab lwm tus neeg.

Lub Hermitage

Art tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau teb chaws Russia - yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob hauv kev tsim lub teb chaws txoj kev coj noj coj ua. Yog li, nyob rau xyoo 1764, cov ntaub duab loj ntawm cov duab tau txais, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov thawj kauj ruam hauv kev tsim ntawm Hermitage nyob hauv St. Petersburg.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus tuaj yeem saib cov duab kos duab rau ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd: nkag mus rau Hermitage, li, qhov tseeb, ntau cov khoom ntiag tug, tsawg heev. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 19th (nyob rau hauv qhov thib ib nrab), ua tsaug rau lub zog ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev txawj ntse, kev sib ntaus sib tua rau qhov kev tshaj tawm thiab kev qhib siab ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv, tau nkag mus rau hauv Hermitage cov khoom khaws tseg thiab qee cov khoom ntiag tug (Pryanishnikov, Tretyakov, Ostroukhov).

Daim duab nraaj hauv teb chaws Russia: Sau

1. Qhov qhib ntawm Tretyakov Gallery, thawj daim duab tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, yuav muab tso rau qhov chaw ntawm cov xim. Tus founder yog tus ua lag luam Tretyakov, tau raug coj los ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm Wanderers thiab tsim ib phau ntawv loj ntawm cov duab kos. Nws tau saib nws txoj haujlwm ua ib lub koom haum ntawm ib lub teb chaws uas muaj los ntawm cov neeg Russia. Thiab qhov chaw nws tus kheej tau muaj lub txiaj ntsim zoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntxiv hauv kev thaij duab thiab lwm yam kev kos duab.
2. Tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub capitals, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub xeev qhib duab tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv Russia. Daim ntawv no tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm Saratov Radishchev Art Museum, qhib rau xyoo 1885.
3. Hauv xyoo 1895-989. Qhib Lavxias Tebchaws Museum ntawm National Art, uas yog los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm pej xeem.
4. 1912 - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts nyob rau hauv Moscow (tam sim no - Pushkin).
5. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm xyoo 1917, tag nrho cov tsev txawb me me thiab loj nyob hauv Russia los ua pej xeem cov khoom. Cov lus hais tias "Kos duab belongs rau cov neeg" yog qhov ua rau lub neej ntawm tus txiv neej uas muaj ntau, thiab cov tsev khaws khoom los ua lub hauv paus thiab cov cuab yeej ntawm kev qhia ua haujlwm. Cov npe ntawm cov tsev kos duab kos duab hauv Lavxias teb tau cov npe tshiab. Cov no muaj xws li lub teb chaws thiab cov tsev khaws ntaub ntawv hauv tebchaws Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Uzbekistan, teb chaws Asmelikas, thiab Baltics. Muaj cov tsev khaws khoom ntawm pej xeem hauv Palekh, Mstera, tus kheej lub tsev cia puav pheej rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib tus kws kos duab. Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsev kawm no yog txoj kev kawm zoo nkauj rau cov neeg, txoj kev kawm, kev kho kom zoo thiab kev txuag cov povthawj ntawm kev kos duab.