Cov txheejtxheem txoj kev. "Masquerade" Lermontov - ib daim duab ntawm tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua

Thaum puas tau raug ntes Lermontov interrogated Gendarmerie department txog Russia do li "seditious kab" - ib lo lus teb rau tus tuag ntawm tus poj Pushkin - nws ces nco txog thiab sau nyob rau hauv "Masquerade" nyob rau hauv 1836. Nyob rau hauv lub thib peb ceg tau, ntawm chav kawm, obscurantists, tab sis tsis ruam neeg, tus yeebyam ntawm Lermontov lub "Masquerade" twb ua tib zoo nyeem lawv. Lermontov ntse thuam ntawm kev mores ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua "saib xyuas ntawm morality," piv nrog rau disgraced Griboyedov lub "Woe los ntawm wit".

"Ua hauj lwm pab nws - nyob rau hauv lub tsev kaw neeg - kuv xav tias phem, lim hiam - rau daring hem no" hack "los ntawm M. Lermontov! Masquerade nyob rau hauv lub tsev Engelhardt! Yog, nws yog xyuas los ntawm txawm tias cov neeg ntawm muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg! "Classic twb yuam kom pheej hloov lub yeebyam thiab lub yeeb yam sam thiaj, nws tuaj xwb nyob rau hauv xyoo 1846 ntawd, tsib xyoo tom qab lub neeg tuag taus mos txwv Pyatigorsk.

Xa mus rau cov ua yeeb yam, nco ntsoov hais tias nws lub ntsiab lus. "Masquerade" Lermontov tam sim ntawd, nyob rau hauv thawj scene qhia peb txog Eugene Arbenin. Peb tuab cov duab no: nruab nrab-hnub nyoog txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm - muaj hmoo gambler (nws yeej muaj hmoov zoo). Tsim los ntawm Woo, nram qab no yog vim li cas, vim hais tias "lub neej los", tab sis yav tas los uas ua ntawv poob nthav ntog nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws tus hluas tus poj niam Nina. Nws yav tom ntej kev pab them nqi - "khi" nrog cov ntawv teev lus thiab pib ib tug measured, ua neej tsim txiaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus tswv. Arbenina cim - ib tug kaw, ceev-tempered, "ebullient". Nws tus poj niam - Nastassja Pavlovna (raws li ib tsev neeg, Nina) - hluas, zoo nkauj, nws yog ua tsaug nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws tus txiv. Nyob rau kev kawm ntawv - ib tug secular poj niam. Nws hlub tinsel khoom, zoo li tag nrho nws cov phooj ywg nom tswv cajceg. Nina raws li ib tug me nyuam, tsuas yog tsis tau nyob rau hauv tsev thaum lub sij hawm cov hnub caiv, thaum tag nrho cov tsev hais plaub Petersburg kev lom zem.

Lub cuab ntxhiab ntawm cov ua yeeb yam yog tsim dynamically. Arbenin crouched tiv thaiv nws lub siab nyiam nyob rau card rooj, yielding mus rau lub entreaties ntawm "daim card" comrades. Tsis chasing tom qab kev ntshaw, nws calmly pab keb phooj ywg tub huabtais Zvezdich. Relieved siv ceev xwmphem opostylevshuyu kev ua si tub huabtais muaj nws los pab mus rau ib tug masquerade rau Engelhardt.

Amid tag nrho cov kev lom zem costumed Arbenin tseem twj ywm thiab unruffled. Mam li nco dheev, lub pob mus ib tug coj txawv txawv tus txiv neej nws tau hais yeej khaum. Tub huabtais Zvezdich tib yam nrog nws lub taub hau dipped rau hauv general merriment. Qhov no yog - ib tug raug tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub "kub" lub aristocratic hluas ntxhais hluas ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua, leej twg nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm "tom qab peb lub deluge." Cia li Arbenin cawm nws los ntawm teeb meem nyiaj txiag, thiab nws twb "raring mus" - nyhav kom muaj xws li kev sib raug zoo. Mus txog hauv lub palace pob Engelhardt, Zvezdich sim nyiam cov xim uas tus poj niam ntawm ib qho yooj yim virtue, ua piv txwv txheej thaum ub "romantic hero". nws cov lus hais tias "kev hlub yog tsis yeej kov nws lub siab," yog commonplace thiab "jaded".

Peb pom zoo kom tus nyeem ntawv mus rau lub scene nyob rau hauv tus thawj, raws li Lermontov kab - brighter, juicier tshaj tej txoj kev. "Masquerade" Lermontov immerses peb nyob rau hauv ib txoj cua ntawm lub pob. Ib tug ntawm cov poj niam, tau hnov cov lus uas tus tub vaj ntxwv, tam sim ntawd tau ntsib nrog nws. Txawm li cas los, txawm nws yuav tsis kom nws tus kheej los ntawm ironic yam ntxwv Zvezdich li "godless", "spineless", "tsis dawb huv". Lermontov txo nws hwj nyob rau hauv nws lub qhov ncauj tart teb: "puppet" uas mob siab rau, tag nrho cov kev siab phem "ntawm lub xyoo pua." Nws nkawd hais tias nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab: "Lub nobles, saib peb tus kheej. Khaws rau koj tus kheej tsim nyog raws li cov dlej neeg! ". Koj tsis cov kab los ntawm "Masquerade" nco ntsoov txog Mikhail Yurevich gendarmes?

Nyob zoo txawj nyeem ntawv, peb yog dog dig distracted, tawm hauv lub pob Zvezdich nrhiav taug txuj kev nyuaj rau lawv tej tub tej ki, thiab leej twg pom lawv qhov chaw, tab sis "down" nws tus phooj ywg. Raws li zaj dab neeg, nyob rau hauv tib lub qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv lub pob, muaj yog ib tug "heev li qub" rau tus tub huabtais xws li kev sib raug zoo. Fundamentally tseem ceeb irony, uas yog tsis zoo li yuav tsum tau qhia ib txoj kev. "Masquerade" Lermontov li qhia siv kuj muaj derogatory characterization ntawm tus tub huabtais, nyob rau hauv "Romanticism" uas yav tas los muaj ib tug zoo luag. Nws hais ntxiv hais portray lub Shakespearean hero, nug rau "zoo nkauj Hmoob" ib qho khoom plig "nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb". Qhov ntawd twb zoo siab uas yuav tau tshem ntawm tus ruam, nws ntsia ntawd ntog rau lwm tus dab tuag saws tes poob. "Daim npog qhov ncauj" foundations seb puas tsimnyog thiab muab nws Zvezdich.

Xyiv fab heev, tub huabtais qhia tau hais tias nws "trophy" Eugene Arbenin. Nws nco txog hais tias qhov chaw tau pom tib yam, tab sis tsis mus rau hauv lub cim xeeb. Nws yog twb nyob ntawm no tag nrho yuav raug noj, thiab nws xav kom los tsev sai sai, uas ploj lawm txog Nina.

Txawm li cas los, tom qab rov qab thaum ib tag hmo, Eugene ib ob peb teev nrog nws tus poj niam yuav lub pob. Mus txog, nws dhuav, nws txawb nws tus kheej mus rau hauv lub caj npab ntawm Arbenin. Mam li nco dheev kuv tus txiv pom tus tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm nws sab tes xis nyiam khub kauj-toog npab, lub heev ... "treason!" - flashes nyob rau hauv nws lub siab. Ambition, qia overshadow nws txoj kev hlub. Nws yeej tsis xav kom tau hnov dab tsi, banishes nws tus poj niam.

Nina naively ntseeg hais tias los ntawm yuav trinket zoo li ib tug ploj, nws kev sib raug zoo nrog Arbenin. Nws mus rau ib tug hniav nyiaj hniav kub lub khw. Ces, rau nws khaum, nyob rau hauv txoj kev hauv tsev mus saib ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Baroness Strahl. Hais tias ib tug tub ntxhais poj ntsuam courted Zvezdich. Tom qab kev kawm txog cov poob Nina kauj-toog npab, nws tseem nco ntsoov daim npog qhov ncauj thiab pib flirt nrog Nina. Hais tias, da dej nws "khaub thuas Epiphany", yoojyim lub tsev. Raws li nws ncaim yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus kom nyob ntsiag to Zvezdich nteg tawm nws zaj dab neeg nrog Baroness daim npog qhov ncauj, qhia nws paub li Nina. Baroness xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias frivolous daim npog qhov ncauj yog nws tus kheej! Tom ntej no neeg pej xeem nrog neeg ruam qhia txog nws "heroism" ib nrab ntawm St. Petersburg, raws li zoo raws li xa "hlub" tsab ntawv mus rau Nina Arbenin tsev.

Cov tsab ntawv nyeem Eugene Arbenin. Nws pib noj kua zaub ntsuab. Yog ib tug tej neeg uas ua ntawv, qhov kev ua si yog mus nrog tub huabtais Zvezdich qhov twg initiates me teeb meem no nyob rau hauv uas cov pej xeem kaw lub nobleman ntawm coj tsis ncaj. Nina raws li nws dazzled ua txhaum, txiav txim siab los tua los ntawm kev qaug tshuaj lom. Mus txog hauv lub pob, nws zoo siab mos siab muag thiab lub siab txias. Nina yog kev zoo siab, xav tias reconciliation - ze. Nws nug Eugene coj lub ice cream. Poison - ncaj ncees thiab swift. Cov tib cov tub ntxhais zoo nkauj tuag thaum hmo ntuj.

Lub tsev zoo nkaus li Arbenin Zvezdich nrog ib tug coj txawv txawv tus txiv neej, ib tug harbinger ntawm khaum. Nkag huam duel. Eugene Arbenin lawv paub hais tias "daim npog qhov ncauj" yog tus Baroness, thiab nws tus poj niam - yog dawb huv. Ntawv pov thawj - ib tsab ntawv ntawm Baroness. Nws yog vwm.

Cia peb nug peb tus kheej: "Yuav ua li cas yuav laconically qhia no txoj kev?". "Masquerade" Lermontov - ib tug classic ua yeeb yam txog kev khib siab, ib tug tiag tiag Shakespearean passions, pauv mus rau lub XIX caug xyoo. Tej zaum hais tias yog vim li cas muaj ntau yam critics tau piv nws mus "Othello"?