Desensitizing preparations: sau thiab piav qhia

Ncaj ncees cov neeg ua hauj (antiallergics, antihistamines) - tshuaj uas yuav muaj tau siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm kev tsis haum tej yam kev mob. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua ntawm cov neeg sawv cev no tau tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv thaiv ntawm H1-histamine receptors. Thiaj li, cov nyhuv ntawm histamine, tus yeeb yam tseem ceeb, uas suppresses feem ntau ntawm cov allergic manifestations, suppressed.

Histamine tau pom los ntawm cov nqaij tsiaj hauv 1907, thiab los ntawm 1936 thawj cov tshuaj tau pom tias inhibited cov nyhuv ntawm cov khoom no. Cov kev tshawb fawb rov hais dua tias nws, los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob ntawm lub cev, cov tawv nqaij thiab lub qhov muag, ua rau pom kev zoo, thiab cov tshuaj antihistamines tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no.

Kev faib tawm ntawm kev tsis pom zoo los ntawm kev siv yeeb tshuaj los ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txiav txim rau ntau hom kev ua xua:

• Txhais tau hais tias muaj kev cuam tshuam rau fab tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim.

• Txhais tau hais tias muaj kev tsis haum rau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb qeeb.

Txhais tau hais tias muaj feem xyuam rau kev tsis haum tshuaj ntawm ib hom kab mob tam sim

1. Cov neeg ua hauj uas inhibit qhov kev tso tawm ntawm kev tsis haum muab kev sib kho los ntawm tus mob hlwb thiab basophilic, lub cai inhibition ntawm cov cytotoxic cascade ntawm kev tsis haum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv :

• Cov neeg ua haujlwm β1-adrenomimetic;

• glucocorticoid;

• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev puas hlwb me.

2. Stabilizers ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm lub cev.

3. Blockers ntawm H1-histamine receptor hlwb.

4. Desensitizing.

5. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib txuas lus.

Txhais tau hais tias muaj kev tsis haum rau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb qeeb

1. NSAIDs.

2. Glucocorticoid.

3. Cytostatic.

Pathogenesis ntawm kev tsis haum

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj sia, lub luag hauj lwm loj yog ua los ntawm histamine los ntawm histidine thiab khaws cia hauv basophils (mast hlwb) ntawm cov nqaij ntawm lub cev (xws li ntshav), hauv platelets, eosinophils, lymphocytes thiab bio-kua. Histamine nyob rau hauv cov hlwb yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm lub luag hauj lwm nrog cov proteins thiab polysaccharides. Nws tso tawm vim hais tias kev kho mob ntawm cov cellular defect, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, qaug tshuaj thiab tshuaj. Inactivation ntawm nws tshwm sim nrog kev pab los ntawm histamine los ntawm cov nqaij mos. Qhib H1-receptors, nws excites phev phospholipids membrane. Vim yog kev tshuaj lom neeg, tsim muaj kev txhawb rau kev nkag mus rau hauv lub xovtooj ntawm Ca, tom kawg thiab ua rau ntawm qhov contraction ntawm cov leeg nqaij.

Kev ua rau H2-histamine-receptors, histamine activates adenylate cyclase thiab ua rau cov celluloid cAMP ntau lawm, qhov no ua rau kev zais ntawm qhov tso pa tawm ntawm plab hnyuv. Yog li, qee tus neeg ua haujlwm desensitizing yog siv los txo HCl secretion.

Histamine tsim ib qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov capillary, muab qhov nce ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cov tshuaj tua kab mob, ua rau cov ntshav plasma, uas ua rau cov ntshav khov, ua rau lub siab hloov hauv cov hlab ntsha, qhov contraction ntawm cov leeg pob txha ntawm bronchi vim qhov mob H1-histamine-receptors; Kev tso tawm ntawm adrenaline, nce lub plawv dhia.

Kev ua rau cov kab mob H1 nyob rau ntawm lub qhov kawg ntawm cov hlab ntses, cov tshuaj keeb kwm tawm ntawm cov hlab ntses, nws ua rau lub plab ntawm cov hlab ntsha me me (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov venules), qhov tso dej hauv lawv, qhov poob ntawm cov ntshav ntawm cov ntshav, uas tso tawm plasma, proteins thiab cov qe ntshav hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw nruab ntug.

Txij li cov fifties ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Thiab txog rau tam sim no, desensitizing preparations tau amenable rov ua dua. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim los tsim cov tshuaj tshiab nrog ib daim ntawv me me ntawm kev phiv tshuaj thiab ntau dua qhov ua tau zoo. Ntawm cov theem tam sim no, muaj 3 pawg ntawm cov tshuaj antiallergic: thawj, ob thiab peb tiam.

Desensitizing npaj ntawm thawj tiam

Ncaj ncees cov neeg ua hauj 1 tiam yooj yim kis los ntawm tej lub ntshav-hlwb barrier (BBB) thiab muaj kev cob cog rau gistaminoretseptorami cortex. Cov thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ua rau cov nyhuv tshuaj, ua ob sab hauv kev qaug zog, thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub suab nrov. Cov tshuaj ntawm lub cim 1 kuj ntxiv rau cov kev xav ntawm lub hlwb. Vim tib lub sijhawm, lawv siv tsawg nyob rau ntau pawg neeg mob.

Ib qho tsis zoo ntxiv kuj yog qhov sib tw nrog acetylcholine, vim hais tias cov neeg ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem ua nrog cov paj hlwb muscarinic, xws li acetylcholine. Yog li, ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tsw qab, cov tshuaj no ua rau lub qhov ncauj qhuav, cem quav thiab tachycardia.

Desensitizing lub cim 1 yog cautiously prescribed rau glaucoma, mob ntsws, plawv kab mob, thiab nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov tshuaj psychotropic. Lawv tsis pom zoo kom noj ntau tshaj kaum hnub vim yog qhov peev xwm ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv.

Desensitizing cov neeg ua hauj lawm ntawm 2nd tiam

Cov tshuaj no muaj siab heev rau cov tshuaj histamine receptors, nrog rau cov khoom xuas xaiv, uas tsis cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj muscarinic. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv yog cov uas tsis muaj kev sib nkag siab los ntawm BBB thiab tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, tsis txhob tsim cov nyhuv tshuaj (qee zaus hauv qee tus neeg mob, qis qis tsis taus).

Thaum kawg ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj no, cov tshuaj siv kho mob yuav nyob tau ntev li 7 hnub.

Qee cov neeg muaj cov nyhuv, cov nyhuv cardiotonic. Lub tom kawg drawback yuav tsum xyuas cov kev ua ntawm lub plawv mob thaum lawv nkag.

Desensitizing cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub hnub (tshiab) tiam

Desensitizing preparations ntawm lub cim tshiab yog tsi ntsees los ntawm qib siab selectivity rau histamine-receptors. Lawv tsis ua kom loog thiab tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha.

Kev siv cov tshuaj no tau ua pov thawj pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev tiv thaiv kev kho mob - kev kho mob ntawm allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, dermatitis.

Desensitizing preparations rau cov me nyuam

Antiallergic yeeb tshuaj rau cov me nyuam uas muaj pawg H1-blockers, los yog tshuaj tsis haum tshuaj yog cov tshuaj siv rau kev kho fab kev txhaum fab ntawm tus menyuam lub cev. Hauv pawg neeg no, cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsim zoo:

• Kuv cim.

• II cim.

• Xyoo III.

Npaj rau cov me nyuam - Kuv tiam

Dab tsi yog qhov kev txiav tshuaj lom neeg? Lawv cov npe teev muaj hauv qab no:

• "Fenistil" - raug pom zoo rau cov me nyuam loj tshaj ib hlis hauv daim ntawv poob.

• "Diphenhydramine" - yog ntau tshaj li xya lub hlis.

• Suprastin - yog laus dua ib xyoos. Mus txog rau ib xyoos yog sau ib hom ntawv txhaj tshuaj, thiab tsuas yog hauv kev saib xyuas kev kho mob ntawm ib tus kws kho mob xwb.

• Fenkarol muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 3 xyoos.

• "Diazolin" - ntau tshaj ob xyoos.

• "Clemastin" - ntau tshaj li rau xyoo, tom qab 12 lub hlis. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm syrup thiab txhaj tshuaj.

• "Tavegil" - ntau tshaj rau rau xyoo, tom qab 12 lub hlis. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm syrup thiab txhaj tshuaj.

Npaj rau cov me nyuam - II tiam

Qhov kev tso cai ntau tshaj plaws ntawm hom kab no yog:

• Zirtek - tshaj li ntawm 6 lub hlis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dauv thiab tshaj li rau xyoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshuaj.

• "Claritin" - ntau tshaj ob xyoos.

• "Erius" - laus dua ib xyoos rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm syrup thiab tshaj li kaum ob xyoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshuaj.

Npaj rau cov me nyuam - III tiam

Desensitizing tshuaj ntawm hom no muaj xws li:

• "Astemizol" - ntau tshaj ob xyoos.

• "Terfenadine" - ntau tshaj peb lub xyoos rau hauv kev ncua tseg thiab ntau tshaj 6 xyoo hauv daim ntawv xaj.

Peb cia siab tias qhov tsab xov xwm no yuav pab qhia koj thiab xaiv qhov yog thaum xaiv antiallergic yeeb tshuaj rau tus me nyuam lub cev (thiab tsis yog xwb). Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ua ntej yuav siv cov tshuaj no, nws yuav tsum tau nyeem cov lus qhia, ua tsaug uas koj tuaj yeem to taub lo lus nug: "Desensitizing drugs - what is it?". Koj yuav tsum nrhiav tswv yim kho mob.