Didactics yog ib txoj thiab nthuav cov ntsiab lus

Didactics - yog ib tug ntawm cov seem ntawm pedagogy uas tseem ua hauj lwm nrog tus xav ntawm kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntawv. Tus neeg sau ntawm lub sijhawm no yog xav tias yog Ratke - ib tug xibfwb nto moo nyob hauv German. Nws xub siv lub tswvyim ntawm "didactics" hauv nws cov lus qhuab qhia. Lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus nws tus kheej yog txuam nrog Greek "didaktikos" thiab "didasko", uas txhais tau hais tias "muaj feem xyuam nrog kev kawm," thiab kev kos duab, qhia, piav qhia.

Didactics li science

Didactics yog kev qhuab qhia kev kawm, thiab nws tshawb tsis yog txoj kev xav xwb, tab sis tseem xyaum kev qhia. Zoo li tej science, didactics thiab nws muaj nws kev kawm thiab cov kwv. Cov kev kawm yog kev kawm ntawv, uas ua hauj lwm pab ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm upbringing thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm tus neeg. Nruas - ib tug tiag tiag kev kawm dab nrog tag nrho lawv cov sib nrauj: tiam sis, tus yam ntxwv, kev cai. Kev hais lus rau cov xibfwb qhia ua lub hauv paus tseemceeb, nws tau pab teb cov lus nug txog dabtsi thiab yuav qhia licas? Rau txoj kev kawm zoo thiab kev tu tu, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas tau ua tsis tau. Kev cob qhia yog ntawm thawj tus paj laum rau nws. Tshwj xeeb nws tau ua mob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, vim hais tias cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev paub ntawm kev paub yog nce zuj zus thiab rov ua dua tshiab.

General thiab private didactics. Cov hauj lwm

Kev kawm tsis tau yog ib lub ntsiab lus dav dav, vim nws nyiam ua dab tsi, nrog rau cov hom phiaj dab tsi thiab yuav qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv txhua theem kev kawm thiab hauv txhua yam. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, kwv txoj kev (private didactics), tsim lub theoretical cov me nyuam yaus ntawm qhia txog kev kawm. Ob qho no tau ua los ntawm kev sib koom tes: kev ua dav dav rau tib neeg thiab tib lub sij hawm raws li lawv qhov kev tshawb pom tau. Cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua yog kev piav qhia thiab kev piav qhia ntawm txoj kev kawm, kev pom zoo rau cov kev mob rau nws txoj kev siv, kev tsim cov tshuab tshiab thiab cov tswv yim rau kev qhia.

Didactic systems

Didactics yog ib qhov system, thiab muaj peb hom kev nruab: xws li kev cai lij choj, cob qhia thiab niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv lub cev, ib lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog muab rau tus xib fwb thiab nws cov kev ua ub no. Nws yuav tsum tau tsim hauv cov tub kawm ntawv tsis yog qhov kev paub theoretical thiab cov tswv yim xwb, tab sis kuj muaj nuj nqis-cwj pwm sawv cev. Nws yog dav siv, systematized, tab sis authoritarian. Nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev qhia ntawm pedocentric yog ib tus menyuam. Cov txheej txheem kev kawm yog nyob ntawm nws lub peev xwm thiab kev txaus siab, kev txawj ntse yog nrhiav tau hauv kev ua ub no. Tab sis lub systematization ploj, cov khoom raug xaiv chaotically. Lub tshuab ua tsis tau zoo ua ke tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ob qhov dhau los.

Jan Amos ntawm Comenius

Nws yog tus sau zaj haujlwm "Great didactics", uas nws tau xub qhia nws ua ib qho kev paub txog kev txawj ntse. Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb yog txheeb tseg rau lawv didactic hauv paus ntsiab lus. Lub ntsiab kev txhawj xeeb visibility hauv paus ntsiab lus, zoo, affordability thiab systematic kev cob qhia, khiav ce, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev txawj ntse muaj peev xwm thiab lub zog ntawm assimilation. Nws yog Comenius uas tau npaj siab tawm tswv yim kawm ntawv, uas tseem niaj hnub siv.