Disappearing professions: lub npe

Yuav ua li cas yog ib qho endangered profession? Yuav ua li cas specialties yuav ploj mus ib txhis nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, ib txhia nyob rau lub verge ntawm extinction, thiab uas tsuas tshwm sim - qhov no tsab xov xwm no.

Yog vim li cas yog ib co hauj lwm ploj

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, haiv neeg yog tsim sai heev. Qhov no hloov cov tsos ntawm settlements, tshiab thiab uas twb muaj lawm lub zos loj hlob ceev ceev, niaj hnub txoj kev ntawm lub neej yog yug los. Cov loj loj ntau lawm halls tau hloov tib neeg ua hauj lwm rau cia li robots, tej yam ua tau hloov tshaj Vocabulary li muab piv rau lub xyoo pua xeem thiab txawm los ntawm lub xyoo caum kawg, sib txawv thiab tsis mus rau hauv oblivion. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lub tswvyim ntawm "disappearing profession." Hais txog lawv, peb piav qhia txog nyob rau hauv kom meej hauv qab no.

Nrog rau cov kev hloov kev muaj tiag yog keeb kwm ntau lub npe ntawm professions. Ib txhia tsuas txia nws lub npe mus rau ib tug sib txawv los, tab sis muaj cov neeg uas tag tsum nyob ua ib ke. Lawv cov neeg sawv cev yuav tsis tau raws li nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv keeb kwm archives thiab saib - tsuas yog nyob rau hauv movies los yog yeeb yam lawm.

Professions uas tsis

Vanishing professions yog tsis tseem ceeb. Vim lub ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm science thiab txheej txheem ib co specialties yog poob qhov tseeb. Machine hloov tib neeg ob txhais tes thiab tiv nrog luag tag nrho cov crafts yog sai npaum li cas thiab ntau nraaj. Automation ntawm ntau dab ho cov nqi ntawm ntau lawm thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsub kom lub productivity ntawm tej txheej txheem. Loj zoo txim ntawm ua poob hauj lwm, nyiaj poob hauj lwm, raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau - impoverishment ntawm cov pej xeem thiab ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo tensions nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Yog li ntawd, tsoom fwv tam sim no txo nws hwj ib tug ntau ntawm kev rau siab mus xyuas kom meej tias txhua leej txhua tus muaj peev xwm kis tau ntau yam rau tam sim no muaj tiag profession. Txhua txhia tus yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog thiab kawm tau kev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau tib neeg.

Excursion mus rau lub yav dhau los

Cia peb nco ntsoov lub qub hauj lwm uas tau poob lawv cov chaw thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm keeb kwm. Lub npe ntawm ib co ntawm lawv paub zoo tias, lwm tus neeg lub suab heev alien thiab txawv txawv.

TOP professions uas tsis muaj nyob ua ib ke:

• Dagerrotipisty. Lawv tsim thawj portrait duab. Muaj tsis muaj koob yees duab, thiab twb nyiaj phiaj, uas yog tsim lub heev thawj txhaj tshuaj. Lawv hloov los ntawm kev pab txog uas clicked rau daim kab xev. Tab sis qhov no yog ib yam nkaus zoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, yog li ntawd, muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias dagerrotipisty twb ua ib feem ntawm cov keeb kwm.
• Chimney sweeps. Lawv tsis tu ncua mus nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm qias neeg tej qhov cub tawg. Yog tsis muaj cov kev siv zog thiab ua hauj lwm tsis ua tej yam ib tsev neeg. Tus tam sim no tiam yog paub txog qhov no profession xwb vim hais tias ntawm myths xwb thiab fairy tales uas tau dim. Chimney sweeps yog muaj nyob rau hauv siab esteem li cov tu ntawm tej qhov cub tawg, kav thiab fireplaces ceeb toom hluav taws kub.
• Pied Piper. Kuv paub tseeb tias muaj ntau yam yeej tsis tau hnov xws npe ntawm professions. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev thiab txaus ntshai txoj hauj lwm, cov neeg no yuav muab piv nrog superheroes. Lawv dim tag nrho lub zos los ntawm cov ntxeem tau ntawm nas, uas yog tiag tiag muaj av thiab kab mob. Uas coj lub nas plague uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th wiped tawm ib nrab ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws nruj me ntsis kom kev txiav txim, kev tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab dej phwj rau thiab thoob khib nyiab. Thaum koj yuav tau tsis tu ncua ntxuav lub common chaw, siv zog tshuaj lom tuag thiab lwm yam kab no. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, lub kaum ntawm txhiab tus nas puas lawm manually.

Txuas ntxiv daim ntawv teev

• Stonebreaker. Zog ua hauj lwm, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov neeg tuag lawm. Ua hauj lwm puag ncig lub moos crushed pob zeb siv rau kev tsim kho. Tam sim no koom nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb tsuas tshwj xeeb cov khoom ua los ntawm ib tug neeg.
• Lamplighter. Txhua txhua hmo lawv mus ua hauj lwm nrog ntev sticks, zes rau txoj kev teeb thiab teeb pom kev zoo pab txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam uas ib zaug muaj tsis muaj hluav taws xob.
• Telephonists. Lawv tsis yog li ntawd ntev dhau los, tab sis hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub "xov tooj txawb lub ntiaj teb no," yog li ntawd cov laus profession mus nyob qhovtwg li. Thiab ib zaug, hnov lub yam neeg yuav, nws yog tsim nyog los hu rau ib tug xov tooj uas forwards lub teeb liab mus rau lub yam taw tes.
• Tus ntaus ntawv. Cov poj niam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov sau chaw rau cov sij hawm typing ntawv nyeem, banging, zoo li ib tug tshuab rab phom, cov yuam sij ntawm ib tug tshuab. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam uas niaj hnub no, ib tug neeg uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no legacy ntaus ntawv.
• Schetchitsy. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm, cov poj niam tsuas yog cov nqi kho mob thiab daim ntawv nrog ib tug cwj mem sau lus cim cia. Nyob rau hauv txhua lub tuam txhab, lub accountant subordinate zaum ib tug poj niam, tau nyob rau hauv vib nas this mus khob tawm rau cov xov tooj nyob rau hauv cov pob txha accounts. Tom qab ib tug ob peb xyoo dhau los, muaj tsis yog ib tug tshuab xam zauv, thiab ib tug complex xam yog ua nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj. Ua hauj lwm coj los ntawm cov poj niam, txij li thaum lawv muaj ntau lub luag hauj lwm mus kom ze rau nws, thiab twb tshwj xeeb kev rau siab.
• Cov neeg tsav tsheb - ib tug cab, tsav tsheb nees-kos carriage. Tiam sis nrog lub advent ntawm lub tsheb tus neeg tau ceased mus nyob rau hauv phab xis thiab chaises, vim li cas, thiab tsis xav nyob rau hauv no tshwj xeeb.
• SUPERVISION shoeshine ib zaug heev nyob rau hauv kev thov. Dirty khau - nws yog phem daim ntawv no, thiaj li tag nrho cov high thiab cia li zoo huv si cov txiv neej tsis tu ncua sawv ntawm lub rooj zaum, uas nyob swirled hluas kas nrog nro tej ntxhuav thiab txhuam khau.

Me-paub tu noob profession

Daim ntawv teev cov uas ploj lawm professions muaj cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais ntawm ntau yam. Thiab muaj tseem me ntsis paub: ntab-keepers, balagoly, Coopers, komashniki.

Nyob rau hauv lub 15-18 centuries nws tau ntawm kev ncua txoj hauj lwm Tselovalnik. Cov neeg no yeej ua raws li qhov tus kawm tiav ntawm lub txhab nyiaj board thiab cov tswv teb ib capita nyiaj (cov nyiaj ua se cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog?), Muab ib feem nyob rau hauv tej kev txom nyem thiab tub ceev xwm soj ntsuam. Nyob rau piv txwv tias yog chaw ua hauj lwm lawv tau cog lub siab dawb paug thiab nwj kiag tus ntoo khaub lig.

Cov kev siv tsis tau ua tsis tau Kopacz, nasypaly, razvozily thiab cov phaj. Niaj hnub no, lawv ua hauj lwm yog nqa tawm los ntawm excavators, cranes thiab lwm yam machinery.

Thiab tseem muaj ntau lwm yam specialties, yam uas yog yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam ib tug tib neeg nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm.

Professions uas ploj

Tshwj xeeb tu ncua kom cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nrov specialties thiab cov neeg uas yog nyob rau lub verge ntawm extinction. Endangered profession hnub no yog lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho. Super ceev kev kawm ntawm technology thiab cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub Internet tsim lwm txoj haujlwm tshiab, tiam sis yuav tau hais goodbye nrog li ib txwm crafts.

Ntawm no yog ib co piv txwv ntawm cov hauj lwm uas yuav sai sai no tu lawm nyob ua ib ke. Qhov no yog ib qho irreversible txheej txheem. Txawm li cas los, raws li ib yam nplij yus rau ntau nws muaj peev xwm yuav hais tau hais tias cov laus hloov los ib tug tshiab hauv chav kawm ntawv, daim ntawv teev cov uas yog tas li tshiab.

Disappearing professions:

• Packer. Enterprises tsis xav mus manually pob, cov neeg yuav sai sai no yuav hloov tau cov robots. Machine tsis yuav tsum tau weekend, lawv yuav tsis tau lub tsev kho mob, thiab lawv tsis cam thawj cov thawj coj. Rau ntau cov lag luam thiab factories yuav tsiv mus rau ib tug tag nrho cov ntau automation.
• Neeg xyuas pib. Niaj hnub nimno pej xeem thauj nruab nrog ib tug turnstile. Nws yog ntsia nyob rau kev nkag. Yuav kom tau caij lub tsheb npav, koj yuav tsum mus tau ntxig daim card los yog rho tawm qhov tseeb nqi. Nws hloov tawm, yog tsis muaj yuav tsum tau rau ib tug txiv neej uas catches lub "noog" thiab muag mus ncig teb chaws daim pib.
• Kws xa ntawv nqa, lub luj khoom.
• Librarian.
• Journalist. Lawv yuav hloov heev heev copywriters.
• Hu rau qhov chaw teb xov tooj.
• Wachter, concierge, elevator neeg teb xov tooj, waiter.
• Logistician.
• Miner.
• Seamstress, weaver, potter.
• Accountant, economist.
• Kws kes duab vajtse.

Txo daim ntawv teev cov uas nyob deb nroog artisans

Muaj ntau nyob deb nroog disappearing profession. Tsawg tshuab txiav nroj, tes dej num nyob rau hauv lub teb, txiv hmab txiv ntoo pickers, yug yaj thiab blacksmiths. Lawv ua hauj lwm yog ua harvesters, tillers, vaj teb machinery. Nees rau teb yog yuav luag muaj, li ntawd, yog tsis muaj hauj lwm rau blacksmiths. Thiab nyuj yog nce yuav pom tsuas yog nyob rau loj liaj teb, li ntawd, lub disappearing yug yaj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnov txheej txheem ntawm kev txo nyob deb nroog dab nyob rau hauv tsim lub teb chaws capitalist, whereas nyob rau hauv tsim lub teb chaws tseem demanded ceev zog nyob rau hauv lub teb.

Tej yam yooj yim thiab meej specialization yog zoo intertwined nrog lub ntiaj teb no ntawm high-tech technologies. Science thiab electronics yog sai muaj zog, thiab ntau lub teb chaws tsuas yog tsis muaj lub sij hawm yuav vam meej. Tej zaum hais tias yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv ib co chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws muaj yog professions uas tau ntev txij li thaum ncaim nyob rau hauv keeb kwm nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe.

Ib tug ntawm lub txim ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR

Peb kuj yuav tsum hais txog cov neeg profession ntawm tus USSR, uas mus nyob qhovtwg li nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub teb chaws.

Tag nrho cov kawm thiab nrhiav kom tau nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tog nomenclature. Txawm lub feem ntau zoo ua luaj li tus xibfwb qhia koog tsev kawm ntawv pawg neeg ntawm cov Communist tog - nws suab tau hais khov kho thiab nkuav. Tsis hais hauv paus tsev kawm pawg neeg secretaries thiab lwm tus neeg. Ncaim nowhere thiab pioneer cov thawj coj, uas qhia cov tho kev rau hauv txoj kev ntawm qhov tseeb thiab npaj lawv leisure. Muaj ntau professions USSR zoo nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nrog nws tus kheej lub Union ntawm Soviet Socialist republics.

Lub indirect txim ntawm lub disappearance ntawm ntau trades

50 xyoo dhau los muaj ib tug linear hauj lwm, nws tau raug qhia tau tseeb thiab yog ruaj khov. Cov tub hluas ntxhais txiv neej xaiv ib tug profession rau nws los, tau txais kom tsim nyog txoj kev kawm ntawv thiab lub neej koom nyob rau hauv tib lub lag luam. Niaj hnub no, cov duab no yog heev txawv. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm high-ceev technologies, cov qauv no tsis ua hauj lwm ntxiv lawm. Tag nrho cov tib neeg lub neej muaj los mus kawm, kev kawm tshiab, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nqaim tshwj xeeb.

Khaus sib txeeb, txoj kev ntshai ntawm nyiaj poob hauj lwm thiab lub qhov kev puas hlwb kev nyuaj siab - tag nrho cov no muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem on tib neeg noj qab haus huv, nws psyche, ua neuroses, kev nyuaj siab, thiab mob hlwb kev ntshawv siab. Raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau ntawm mus tas li kev ua hauj lwm - tsis txaus mloog yog them rau cov tsev neeg, cov me nyuam, poob qhov yooj yim tib neeg kev twb kev txuas. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, muab sawv mus rau cov hluas txhaum, uas sai sai npaj mus rau hauv "neeg laus".

Ib tug ntawm lub txim ntawm ib tug sai hloov kev muaj tiag thiab lub disappearance ntawm ntau txoj hauj lwm ua ib tug sawv nyob rau hauv nyiaj poob hauj lwm, cov impoverishment ntawm cov pejxeem, ntog yug nqi, uas muab sawv mus rau ib tug saw tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub demographic ntsoog thiab kev tensions.

Ntawm no yog ib tug "dub" tau ua ib tug kev sib raug zoo ntawm ib tug New York kev tshawb fawb chaw ua hauj lwm.

neej yav tom ntej txoj hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub tuag professions tas tuaj tshiab lub rooj sib tham niaj hnub tseeb. Txhua txhua xyoo, leading cov tsev kawm ntawv yog ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum tau tso cai rau kev kawm tshiab crafts. Thiab lawv muaj kev cob cog ncaj qha rau lub robots, nanotechnology thiab computers.

Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev professions uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej:

• Kiberdvornik - yuav nyiaj tso ncaj kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv Internet.
• Lub nroog saib xyuas thiab tu - lub luag hauj lwm rau lub landscaping ntawm lub nroog.
• Master tshuab luam ntawv - ib tug kws nyob rau hauv 3D-luam.
• Tej chronicler - nruab tag nrho koj cov hauv paus hniav thiab tsim tau ib tsev neeg chronicle.
• Specialist ntawm microflora.
• Drone neeg teb xov tooj.

Niaj hnub no, nws yog ib tug theoretical cov lus xaus. Tab sis thaum cov astronaut thiab suav hais tias ib tug zoo heev profession.