Emulsion - ib tug kua sib tov

Emulsion - ib tug sib tov ntawm tshuaj. Nws muaj ib qho feem zoo hais insoluble nyob rau hauv lwm. Qhov no muaj yog hu ua "dispersed theem". Lwm yam khoom uas - dispersion nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv nws thawj feem yog faib. "Emulsion" - qhov no lub sij hawm muaj ib tug Latin keeb kwm. Txhais nws txhais tau tias "rau cov mis nyuj, mis nyuj rau tus". Cia peb kawm cov tswvyim no rau hauv ntau yam.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Vim hais tias ob kua uas tsis sib tov los yog hnov mob sib, nws yog ua tau kom ib tug emulsion. Ib tug ntawm cov Cheebtsam yog yuav luag ib txwm dej. Lwm yam khoom uas muaj ib tug weakly ncov qaumteb qabteb los yog nruab nrab molecules (e.g. rog). Tus thawj lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho emulsion - yog mis nyuj. Ntawm no, cov roj hais dispersible nyob rau hauv cov dej. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm lub dispersed theem yog 1-50 .mu.m, yog li emulsions yog coarsely dispersed systems. Tsawg-concentration kua - unstructured. Mixtures nrog ib tug high school cov concentration - cob. Nyob rau thermodynamic thaj av roj emulsion - yog ib tug tsis ruaj tsis khov system. Qhov ntev nyob rau hauv theem mob loj, thiab sib tov yog unstructured.

kev faib

Hom emulsion tau nyob ntawm theem volume ratios thiab lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, tus nqi thiab qhov xwm ntawm tus emulsifier, nws tshuaj ua si, txoj kev thiab nws txoj kev.

1. Direct admixture nrog me quav hais ntawm ib tug apolar kua thiab insoluble nyob rau hauv lub ncov qaumteb qabteb theem (o / w - qhov qhia tau "roj nyob rau hauv dej"). Rau xws li mixtures ntawm emulsifiers tej zaum yuav siv uas yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej, xws li hais ntawm bitumen. Lawv molecules yog adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw zaj duab xis ntawm m-theem, txo tsis tau tsuas yog nro, tab sis kuj tsim ib cov khoom zaj duab xis.
2. Hom (V / m) sib tov, uas yog siv rau cov dej-insoluble emulsifier.

Tshuaj los rau lub emulsion, siab, muaj pes tsawg leeg hloov tej zaum yuav ua rau inversion.

1. Emulsion freeze - ib tug sib tov uas yog tsim nyob rau nthawv nthawv. Nws yog tau hais tias yuav thermodynamically ruaj khov. Piv txwv yog critically ruaj khov emulsions thaum kub txwv rau blending theem. Pawg no kuj muaj xws li lubricants thiab haus dej rau cov cua txias.
2. Lyophobic emulsion - ib tug sib tov tsim los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab, zaj los yog hluav taws xob blending. Lawv yog cov thermodynamically tsis tshua muaj neeg tsis ruaj tsis khov. Tej mixtures tsis emulsifiers rau ib ntev lub sij hawm tsis muaj nyob. Zoo Cheebtsam xws li: surfactants, siab molecular luj, dej soluble tshuaj nrog ib tug high school cov khib nyiab dispersion.

txais tos

Muaj ob ntau lawm technologies emulsion. Tus thawj - txoj kev zoo crushing tog. Qhov thib ob - tus zaj duab xis-txoj kev txheej txheem, ua raws li los ntawm kev sib tawg mus rau hauv daim me me. Nyob rau hauv thawj embodiment, lub yam khoom uas yog ntxiv maj mam mus rau lub dispersion. Nws yog tsim nyog tias takeover yog lossi ntawm ib tug kub ceev zaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov zoo ntawm cov sib tov yuav yog nyob ntawm seb ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv nws tus nqi ntawm thawj coj thiab cov nyiaj uas dispersible yeeb tshuaj, nws concentration, kub thiab acidity. Qhov thib ob hom - ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas ib tug zaj duab xis yog tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lwm theem. Qab tshuab cua. Npuas kua muag zaj duab xis mus rau hauv me me dauv thiab do tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov kua. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm pib siv cua es tsis txhob ntawm ultrasound. Qhov no ua rau crushing ntawm cov zaj duab xis mus rau hauv txawm me me daim.

kev puas tsuaj mixtures

Txij li thaum muaj ib tug txawj tawg ntawm lub emulsion lub sij hawm. Muaj qee zaus thaum nws yog tsim nyog los leeb tus txheej txheem thiab txo lub concentration ntawm cov compound. Qhov no yuav tsum tau yog yam thaum lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug heev concentrated emulsion hinders tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kho mob ntawm cov khoom los yog nws cov kev siv. Yuav kom accelerate tus txheej txheem ntawm kev txo lub concentration ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev:

1. Cov tshuaj txoj kev. Siv reagents ua nto films ntawm lub emulsifier. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus tsis zoo saib xyuas ntawm ywm rau ntawm qhov chaw lub zaj duab xis yog neutralized. Nyob rau tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, kev siv ntawm cov organic additives raws li kev noj haus tshuaj (biologically active tshuaj - demulsifiers).
2. Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm ib tug emulsifier ua rau tsim ntawm cations, uas nyiam tsis zoo nto xwb thiab nto films ua destabilizing emulsifier. tshuaj lub xeev stability tsawg.
3. Muab los ntawm lwm yam emulsifier surfactant tivthaiv (PAVom). Nws dilutes lub concentration ntawm cov thawj, tab sis nws tus kheej tsis tsim ib tug txaus muaj zog zaj duab xis.
4. Thermal txoj kev. Nrog rau qhov no txoj kev, lub emulsion yog raug thermal los, uas ua rau nws nras.
5. Neeg kho tshuab txoj kev. Qhov no embodiment txoj kev tseem hu ua ib tug separator. Lub emulsion yog txhaj maj mam mus rau hauv lub rotating nrog ib tug loj angular tshaj tawm lub thawv. Ib tug tov collapses rau hauv tivthaiv fractions by luj.
6. Txoj kev hluav taws xob shocks los yog ntxiv ntsha mus rau lub emulsion. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev cuam tshuam stabilized tsis zoo xwb nto mixtures zaj duab xis.

daim ntawv thov

Cov kab kev los ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm emulsions nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub tebchaw yog siv:

1. Nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov margarine thiab butter.
2. Nyob rau hauv xab npum txiav txim siab.
3. Nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov ntaub ntawv uas ua los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso roj hmab.
4. Nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Piv txwv li, bitumen emulsion - qhov no compound yog nonflammable.
5. Nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb: tshuaj tua kab - ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj uas ua kom puas cog kab tsuag.
6. Rau kev kho mob hom phiaj: izgotolvenie yam tshuaj sib txawv, tshuaj pleev, tshuaj pleev ib ce.
7. Nyob rau hauv painting, siv ntau yam emulsion xim.
8. Cov plaub hau Tshuaj pleev ib ce, emulsion, tiv thaiv cov plaub hau nto thaum nrag. Piv txwv li, emulsion seeb (qhov no oxidizer rau xim).
9. Cov roj av lag luam siv ib tug sib tov dej nrog cov roj, nyob rau lub dispersion ntawm ib tug kua theem mus rau lwm qhov chaw yuav siv sij hawm nrog me quav mob - globules.