Extrapyramidal system: extrapyramidal mob

extrapyramidal system   - neural network nyob rau hauv lub central lub paj hlwb, uas tsis kis tau los ntawm cov corticospinal los yog pyramidal system, tab sis, cuaj kaum, regulates thiab ntawm lwm yam uas lub zog. Raws li nws yog ib feem ntawm lub propulsion system. Ib tug neural network yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb cheeb tsam xws li Pons thiab medulla oblongata, ntxiv rau cov leeg nrob qaum.

Xa mus rau li ib tug indirect txoj kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog ntawm muaj nuj nqi, extrapyramidal system yog feem ntau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm tshuav nyiaj li cas, kev sib koom tes, hwj tau lub cev, cov leeg laus, reflexes. Piv txwv li, thaum ib tug neeg nws kom hwj tau lub cev (nws tso los yog sawv), ces nyob rau lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv ib tug hauj lwm ua ke ua hauj lwm ib tug ntau ntawm cov leeg. Qhov no ua kom sib haum yog nyob rau hauv lub indirect tswj ntawm extrapyramidal pathways, namely lub vestibular-txha caj txoj kev tektospinalnogo huam reticulospinal huam thiab rubrospinalnogo ib ntsuj av.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov evolution ntawm extrapyramidal system yog lub feem ntau ancient system ntawm lub cev ua si, uas yog nyuaj rau piav qhia txog, nyob rau hauv ib feem vim hais tias ntawm kev koom tes ntawm nws tivthaiv txoj thiab tawm tswv yim loops. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav ua tau   Nws yog muab faib ua peb systems   Tswj: cortical indirect txoj kev, feedbacks thiab pom tau qhov sib, hnov, vestibular txoj.

Anatomically extrapyramidal system   Nws muaj pawg ntawm neurons nyob rau hauv lub hlwb qia, nrog rau cov liab nucleus, lub sab qaum pob quadrigemina, reticular tsim, vestibular nucleus. Loj liab nucleus axons tsim rubrospinalny huam, pab kom tswj tau tus taw ntawm lub sab sauv nqua. Vestibular nuclei txuam nrog rau inner pob ntseg, lub cerebellum thiab cov leeg nrob qaum, li no txoj kev ua vestibular-txha caj huam rau postural regulators caj dab, lub taub hau, npog tas ib ce thiab nqua. Upper pob quadrigemina roos tektospinalny huam yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau reflecting tus taw ntawm lub taub hau thiab ob lub qhov muag (raws li daim tawv muag kaw ua ntej ib tug txawv teb chaws lub cev tau txais mus rau hauv lub qhov muag). Thaum kawg, lub reticular tsim yog lub luag hauj lwm rau reticulospinal huam muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv npag tswj.

Tej yam tej yam kev mob los yog kab mob muaj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub extrapyramidal system, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv mob ntawm cov nqaij leeg laus, hwj tau lub cev, reflex kev ntshawv siab. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tsos mob, raug xa mus rau raws li extrapyramidal mob, los yog extrapyramidal cov tsos mob (EPS), pom raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm neuroleptic cov tshuaj uas muaj ib cov nyhuv rau lub paj hlwb thiab nws txoj. Antipsychotics yog siv los kho psychotic mob xws li schizophrenia, schizoaffective teeb meem los yog psychotic kev nyuaj siab.

Piv txwv ntawm EBL - akinesia, akathisia, torticollis, dyskinesia, dystonia. Los ntawm extrapyramidal mob muaj xws li "luav syndrome," manifested heev tsis zoo taw perioral nqaij, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntev-lub sij hawm kom tsawg ntawm neuroleptics. Qhov no syndrome yog feem ntau txuam nrog ntev-lub sij hawm siv tshuaj xws li haloperidol, pimozide, fluphenazine, olanzopin, clozapine, risperidone. Tu siab, nws yuav tsis yooj yim kho. Thaum tus neeg mob xav tau kev pab antipsychotic tshuaj, yuav kom atypical antipsychotics - kvetialin, remoxipride, lub txais tos ntawm uas yog npaum li cas tsawg yuav ua qhov ua rau ntawm "luav syndrome".

Extrapyramidal syndrome ua tsis taw ntawm cov leeg los yog chua ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lub caj dab. Nws muaj thaum cov kis ntawm cov neurotransmitter dopamine insufficiently tswj. Ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm raug kev txom nyem los ntawm extrapyramidal syndrome raws li ib tug tshwm sim tau txais ib puas lub hlwb raug mob los yog Parkinson tus kab mob, tab sis lub ntsiab yog vim li cas yog lub phiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau antipsychotic tshuaj. Kev kho mob yog tsim nyog, txwv tsis pub cov kev cuam tshuam lub sij hawm ua nyuab dua. Kev kho mob feem ntau yog aimed ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thiab xa cov ua.