Fluorescent teeb - yog dab tsi? Hom fluorescent teeb

Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj ntawm lub xyoo no, lub tuam txhab General Electric (GE) tshaj tawm lub txiav ntawm lub US tso tawm ntawm compact fluorescent teeb los ntawm tus kawg ntawm 2016-th. Tus tshiab LED technology raug muab cheb pov los ntawm nws txoj kev muaj lub sij hawm los ua paub fluorescent, raws li thaum nws overthrew lub "reign" ntawm incandescent teeb, yees ua los ntawm tus tsim Thomas Edison GE.

Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi yog ib tug fluorescent teeb?

Fluorescent teeb - ib tug mercury paug teeb ntawm tsis tshua muaj siab pab kiag li lawm nyob rau hauv uas tus pom teeb tawg yog siv fluorescence. Electric tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov roj excites mercury vapor, uas pib rau emit teeb nyob rau hauv lub ultraviolet ntau uas ua rau luminescence nrog phosphor txheej.

Cov nram qab no hom ntawm fluorescent teeb: tus mob khaub thuas cathode thiab cov electroluminescent kub pib.

kub pib

Cov feem ntau yog teeb sov pib. Lub teeb qhov chaw ntawm no hom muaj ib khob noob sau nrog ib tug inert roj (feem ntau argon) ntawm tsis tshua muaj siab. Nyob rau txhua sab ntawm lub teeb yog ib tug tungsten electrode. Lub ballast ntawm lwm yam uas lub hwj chim electrodes. Lub teeb tau siv khiav cov oob khab. Cov niaj hnub siv hauv ballasts.

Lawv dog dig zoo li noob. Initial luminescence ua los ntawm ib tug rhuab tungsten kauj, tab sis, ces ib tug hluav taws xob paug nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov ntawm mercury vapor thiab inert roj yog ultraviolet hluav taws xob. Ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg uas npog lub phab ntsa ntawm lub hwj, absorbs ultraviolet lub teeb thiab emits pom lub teeb. Nws yog hu ua ib tug phosphor thiab ib tug sib tov ntawm phosphorus-raws li lub tebchaw. Ua tsaug rau nws, lub teeb tso zis ntawm cov teeb yog superior rau lub hwj chim incandescent teeb ob peb lub sij hawm. Ntsiabteeb tseem ci thiab nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub ignition, tab sis tsuas yog muaj lub paug.

Yuav kom tsim hluav taws xob paug tsim nyog high voltage. Cia txias tshaj lub noob, ntau dua qhov lub chaw. Tab sis vim hais tias theem ntawm yus txhais tau tias "sov-up" ntawm lub hwj los txo kev nyuaj siab tau raug tsim.

Ib tug cua kub txoj kev yog mus siv ib tug oob khab. Thaum voltage yog thov mus rau lub paug teeb yog lit, heats lub bimetal hu. Mob kaw nws shunt, thiab ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no heats lub tungsten electrodes, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog rhuab thiab ionized inert roj. Txias cia, lub bimetal hu opens, pub rau tag nrho cov voltage thiab hwj chim rau tus electrodes ntawm lub throttle. Yog hais tias lub paug tsis tshwm sim, ces tus txheej txheem yog rov qab. Tom qab teeb ignition oob khab hloov tawm, txij li thaum nws kuj yog ntau ntau tshaj cov ntshav kuj.

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub systems, lub ceev pib electrodes yog rhuab tsis tu ncua, thiab cov arc yog pib grounded Reflector los yog pib sawb.

Fluorescent teeb ntawm tus mob khaub thuas cathode

Holodnokatodnye fluorescent teeb - yog li cathode kub tsis siab tshaj 150 ° C piv nrog 900 ° C kub-pib teeb. Kev khiav hauj lwm voltage - 600-900 V, txhais - 900-1600 V. Lub teeb tawm txim liab los ntawm ionized cov roj, uas yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug high voltage. Tawm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub neej puas ntawm lub chaw nruab nrab ntawm tus electrodes. Cov pa roj nyob rau hauv lub teeb nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob yog ib tug dielectric, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub hluav taws xob field, electrons thiab ions pib txav. Thaum ib tug high voltage fais teb accelerates tus them hais kom lawv tsoo nrog cov roj molecules, lawv khob electrons tawm. Tshiab khiv tsim ions thiab electrons li yog siv nyob rau hauv lub ionization: avalanche txheej txheem tiav niam txiv.

Nyob rau hauv lub teeb kub pib paug yog ib tug arc, thiab tus mob khaub thuas raws qhov chaw ntawm lub teeb - ci. Mercury maj hloov los ntawm ib tug kua rau ib tug gaseous lub xeev. Lub electrons tsoo nrog mercury atoms, pib qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog thiab mob siab heev tawg nyob rau hauv lub ultraviolet cheeb tsam. Lub teeb tawm txim liab los ntawm lub phosphor coated hauv lub teeb. Mercury emits photons uas muaj siab phosphorus atoms, nce nws lub zog electrons. Thaum lub electrons rov qab mus rau lub xeev pib ntawm phosphorus atoms ci ntsa iab zog.

electroluminescent teeb

Lub teeb emission nyob rau hauv electroluminescent teeb yog vim cov zaj ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no ncaj qha los ntawm ib tug phosphorus-muaj ntaub ntawv nrog cov nyhuv uas tsis yog-thermal hloov hluav taws xob mus rau hauv lub teeb. Cov nyhuv no kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv lub teeb-emitting diodes (LED) thiab organic teeb emitting diode (OLED). Electroluminescent teeb yog txawv los ntawm lub teeb-emitting diodes tias nyob rau hauv lub xeem lub teeb yog tawm txim liab nyob rau hauv lub pn hlws ris - lub hlws ris ntawm ob semiconductors, thiab nyob rau thawj lub teeb yog tawm txim liab tshaj lub txheej ntawm activator.

Lub siab voltage alternating hluav taws xob tam sim no yog dhau los ntawm ib tug nyias txheej ntawm phosphorus los yog semiconductor, uas tau nyob rau hauv lub teeb emission lawv. Ob tug khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov khib nyiab, ib tug ntawm cov uas yog pob tshab, ua li electrodes, thiab phosphor hmoov los yog neeg xyuas pib therebetween glows thaum electrons dhau los ntawm nws.

sib ceg rau

• Cov teeb pom kev zoo pab kiag li lawm tej zaum yuav pab kaum ntawm lub sij hawm ntev tshaj li incandescent teeb muab ib tug ruaj khov fais fab mov tsis muaj teeb meem loj voltage hloov mus hloov los thiab limiting tus naj npawb ntawm cov inclusions. Thaum lub electrodes mus hlawv tawm thiab crumble tshwj xeeb pes tsawg leeg uas tiv thaiv tungsten filament overheating thiab muab cov paug stability, uas thiaj li lub neej ntawm lub teeb qhov chaw. noob xaus tsaus ntuj, thiab lub teeb blinks.
• Lub teeb tso zis fluorescent teeb ib watt kwv yees li 3-4 lub sij hawm ntev tshaj li incandescent qhov muag teev.
• Lawv sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov xim, lawv emission spectrum yog los ze zog mus rau lub hnub.
• Tawg khiav ri niab lub teeb los ntawm tag nrho saum npoo ntawm lub teeb, es ib tug tungsten filament.

cons

• Lub siab kuj nqi.
• Fluorescent teeb - ib tug tej zaum qhov chaw ntawm kev txaus ntshai, vim txhua teeb muaj 5 mg ntawm mercury, uas yog heev tshuaj lom thiab yuav ua tau teeb meem rau kev noj qab nyob thiab ib puag ncig.
• Tawm teeb yog nkag mus tsawg tsawg thiab siab kub. Yuav tsis khiav lag luam ntawm kub hauv qab no -20 ° C thiab saum toj no +50 ° C.
• Sensitive rau av noo.
• Nyob rau ncua sij hawm, vim nws yuav siv sij hawm lub sij hawm kom sov li lub teeb.
• Txawv txawv rau cov spectrum ntawm lub teeb, uas ua nyob rau hauv ib tug distortion ntawm cov xim. Flickering nrog ib zaus ob zaug cov mains zaus.

kev xaiv

1. Cov ntawv thiab qhov ntev. Khob fwj thiab cartridges yog sib txawv heev nyob rau hauv cov tsis. Ib tug ntau daim ntawv ntawm fluorescent teeb yog tus ncaj raj. Nws txoj kab uas hla yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm ib tug yim ntawm ib nti. Yog li, qhov loj ntawm lub teeb 1 inch txoj kab uas hla - T8. Loj yog hom twg los ntawm T2 rau T17. Compact fluorescent teeb, raws li ib tug txoj cai, noj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug U-zoo li tus thiab kauv. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov tsos twb tsis muaj ntxim rau cov teeb lag luam, tab sis cov kauv qauv yog ib tug me ntsis kim kim vim hais tias lawv muaj ntau nyuaj rau manufacture.

2. Start. Tau oob khab, hluav taws xob los yog electromagnetic ballast.

3. Fais fab. Nws yog hom twg los ntawm 3 mus rau 85 watts. Lub luminous flux ntawm incandescent teeb los ntawm 3-4 lub sij hawm tsawg dua uas ntawm fluorescent, yog li xaiv lub tsim nyog hwj chim yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv cov yam brightness. Fluorescent teeb uas nws lub hwj chim yog sib npaug zos rau 25-30 W, hloov obychngye 100W hluav taws xob. Los hloov lub 75-watt txaus lub zog txuag teeb qhov chaw 9 watts. Ib tug fluorescent teeb uas nws lub hwj chim yog 15 W, yuav hloov tau ib tug incandescent teeb ntawm 60 watts.

Rooj kev sib raug zoo luminous flux thiab lub hwj chim tau ntawm ntau hom ntawm lub teeb yuav pab to taub tag nrho cov nuances.

4. Cap. Common hom yog:

• bayonet B;
• muaj hau ntswj (Edison) socle E;
• ib leeg-mog ob npaug rau-twb G.

Tus xov tooj tom qab cov tsiaj ntawv qhia ib lub cheeb ntawm lub hau hom B los yog E, los yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub hli pedestals ntaus G.

Yeej nyob rau hauv chandeliers thiab teeb siv ib compact fluorescent teeb nrog rau ib qho E27 puag txoj kab uas hla ntawm 27 hli thiab Eps E14 txoj kab uas hla ntawm 14 hli.

5. teeb xim. Nws sau raws nkaus Ii qhov kub ntawm ib tug dub lub cev radiating nrog ib tug tej chromaticity. Nrog ua kub, lub xiav ib feem ntawm lub spectrum nce, thiab txo liab. Ntsuas nyob rau hauv kelvins. Lub subjective kev xav ntawm ib tug neeg tab tom nrhiav rau hauv lub teeb ib tug tej yam xim, hu ua ib tug xim nov ntawm nqaij tawv. Lub ntsiab xim ntawm lub teeb thiab cov coj xim xaav:

• 2700 K - sverhtoply dawb;
• 3000 K - Sov Dawb lub teeb;
• 3,500 K - lub teeb dawb;
• 4000K - txias lub teeb dawb;
• 5000 K thiab ntau - daylight.

6. Cov xim rendition. Qhia yuav ua li cas tej yam ntuj tso saib lwm tus tej khoom nyob rau hauv lub lamplight. Ntsuas coefficient Ra xim. Lub teeb qhov chaw sib npaug zos chromaticity yuav muaj ntau xim tu tub tu kiv vim muaj ib tug txawv spectrum ntawm lub teeb tawm txim liab. Rau tshav ntuj zoo tshaj yuav yog 100.

npav

Manufacturers ntawm luminaires kos tus cim rau khoom nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.

U.S. fluorescent teeb no feem ntau yog cim los ntawm template FxxTy, qhov twg F qhia lub hom (Engl fluorescent, luminescent.), Tus ntawv zauv no xx - los yog wattage los yog ntev nyob rau hauv nti, T -form (Engl tubular, tubular.) Thiab lub xeem y tooj - txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1/8 inch (3.175 hli).

Cov nram qab no yog tsab ntawv ntawm cov xim:

• WW - Sov Dawb, Sov Dawb.
• CW - Txias Dawb, Cool Dawb.
• N - Nruabnrab, nruab nrab.
• D - Nruab hnub nrig, nruab hnub nrig.
• WWX - Deluxe Sov Dawb, sov dawb nrog siab xim rendering.
• CWX - Deluxe txias Dawb, txias dawb nrog ib tug high school cov xim rendering.
• BLB - Blacklight, ultraviolet.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub npav xaiv nta ntawm lub ntaus ntawv:

• RS - Ceev ceev Start, ib tug ceev ceev pib.
• YOG - Instant Start, instant pib.
• HO - High tso zis, high efficiency.

Tus yam ntxwv ntawm fluorescent teeb

Hniav teeb General Electric Tswmciab T2 9W yog tawm nrog kaus mom E14 thiab E27, ib tug me me luminous flux ntawm 405 lumen, sov dawb thiab nruab hnub nrig xim kub (2700 K thiab 6500 K), 82 xim rendering index Ra. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv chandeliers thiab lwm yam teeb pom kev zoo fixtures nrog ib tug pom teeb nyob rau hauv cov chav, txoj cai huv nam thiab lobbies ntawm coj mus muag halls, cov chaw ntiav pw, khw, cov tsev.

Philips khoom

Master TL-D 90 De luxe - fluorescent teeb G13, T8, 93 nrog ib tug xim rendering index Ra8, ib cov xim kub ntawm 65000 K - txias daylight. Muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub versions:

• 18W / 965 1SL - 18 W fluorescent teeb nrog ib tug me me luminous flux ntawm 1150 lumens thiab lub nominal luminous miv nyuas siv zug ntawm 63,9 lm / W;
• 58W / 965 1SL - 58-watt teeb qhov chaw nrog ib tug me me luminous flux ntawm 4550 lumens thiab lub nominal luminous miv nyuas siv zug ntawm 77,8 lm / W;
• 36W / 965 1SL - 36 W fluorescent teeb nrog ib tug me me luminous flux ntawm 2800 lumens thiab lub nominal luminous miv nyuas siv zug ntawm 77,8 lm / W.

High xim rendering index tso cai rau koj mus saib cov neeg nplua nuj, luscious thiab tej yam ntuj tso xim, uas ua rau cov teeb indispensable nyob rau hauv cov tsev kho mob, sau khw, kev zoo nkauj cov khw txiav, puas, tus kws kho hniav qhov chaw ua hauj thiab khw muag khoom noj. Lub teeb txawv zoo phosphor txheej siv ib tug peb-band phosphor thiab yuav luag tiav tsis muaj kev txo lub illumination theem.

Master TL-D Xtreme 36W / 840 1SL - Fluorescent Teeb 36 watt lub hwj chim, ob-nawj, txias-dawb xim nrog ib tug xim rendering index ntawm 85 Ra8, ib tug me me luminous flux ntawm 3250 lumen teeb tso zis lub ntsej muag 90 lm / W. Nws feature yog lub zog pab lub neej ntawm 66 000 teev, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau qhov chaw nyob qhov twg cov nqi ntawm hloov yaj vim rau qhov siab qhov ntawm lub chav tsev, interrupting ua hauj lwm, los yog nyob qhov twg lub teeb rau tag nrho cov sij hawm - nyob rau hauv ntau, roj Rigs, nyob rau hauv tas mus li lawm.

Master PL-C 18W / 830 / 2P 1CT - double-twb fluorescent teeb 18-watt hwj chim nrog G24d-2-ntsawb, sov dawb xim ntawm 3000 K, ib cov xim rendering index ntawm 82 Ra8, ib tug me me luminous flux ntawm 1200 lumen, nyob luminous efficiency 67 lm / W. Tsim los rau cov general nyiaj siv ua haujlwm teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv leisure tsim, khw muag khoom thiab chaw ua hauj lwm vaj tse. Fluorescent teeb Philips Master Pl-C siv cov thawj choj technology uas guarantees pom kev, zoo dua kev pab them nqi thiab high efficiency. Ib tug ob-qauv muaj ib tug tshem tau puag thiab yog siv nrog EMPRA.

Zog-npaum lub teeb qhov chaw ntawm Osram

Osram ua compact fluorescent teeb 18 W DSST FCY 18 W / 825 E27 sov xim 2500 K, ib cov xim rendering index ntawm 80, ib tug luminous flux ntawm 1050 lumens thiab cov cartridge E27. Tus ntaus ntawv yog tau withstand ib tug heev loj tus naj npawb ntawm pib mus - ua ntej 1 Zeb.

Osram Lumilux T9 C - 29 hli nrog ib tug cartridge ib annular teeb G10Q, nyob hwj chim 22 W, xim kub 2700 K, xim rendering index ntawm 80-89, ib tug me me luminous flux ntawm 1350 lumens thiab lub nominal teeb tso zis 61 lm / W. Nws yog tsim los rau pej xeem tej vaj tse, khw, industries, khw, supermarkets, cov chaw ntiav pw. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm ua hauj lwm zoo, zoo zoo ntawm lub teeb zoo heev lub teeb tso zis, txawm teeb pom kev zoo tsis muaj ntxoov ntxoo. Pub brightness kev haum.

L 36 W / 840-1 - 1 linear meter teeb, fluorescent, 36W, socket G13 puag, xim kub ntawm 4000 K, ib tug me me luminous flux ntawm 3100 lumens, 80 xim rendering index Ra, lub nominal luminous efficiency 86 lm / W. Tsim los rau cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm pej xeem thauj.

Endura 70 W / 830 - electrodeless teeb qhov chaw Osram 70W, ib tug nyob luminous flux ntawm 6200 lumens sov dawb xim kub 3000 K, xim rendering Performance index thiab luminous 80-90 Ra 80 lm / W. Nws yog siv rau qhov teeb pom kev zoo, nroj tsuag, txoj kev, cov kev ua si hauv thaj av. Yus siab durability (txog li 100 000 h.), Efficiency, siab lumen tso zis, instantaneous start-up.

Electrodeless fluorescent teeb - ib tug ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv uas paug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub high-zaus electromagnetic teb generated los ntawm cov magnetic cores rau lub hwj. Sib Nqus ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug thawj winding ntawm lub transformer, thiab gas paug - theem nrab. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm fluorescent teeb ntawm no hom yuav txo kom sledyuschemu: pab kiag li lawm yog ruaj khov, lawv yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm vim rau qhov qhaj ntawv los ntawm collapsing electrodes.

DSST SENSOR CL A 15 W / 827 E27 - fluorescent teeb hwj chim ntawm 15 W, lub luminous flux ntawm 870 lumen, sov lub teeb dawb kub ntawm 2700 K. Muaj high efficiency vim muaj ib tug tsis siv neeg nres nyob rau hauv nruab hnub. Nws yog npaj rau lwm siv xwb.