General Relativity: los ntawm yooj yim kev tshawb fawb rau cov tswv yim daim ntawv sau npe

Tshwj xeeb thiab kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity - ib qho ntawm feem koj tau ntawm tib neeg kev xav. Lawv formulated thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem thiab yog ib feem ntawm ib tug tib neeg txhob nyob rau hauv kev to taub qhov xwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Txawm li cas los, nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj yog ib tug tawm sib txawv, uas yog hais tias cov thawj lub hom phiaj, tab sis yog tsis tooj mus rau cov pa notions, yog ib zajlus kom tsim nyog tau ntawm lub generalization ntawm observational tseeb. General Relativity kuj yog cov khoom ntawm ib tug xav xyaum ua tej. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug tiag tiag kev txawj ntse feat ntawm nws cov creator, lub German physicist Alberta Eynshteyna.

Albert Einstein luam tawm nws ua hauj lwm, uas yog thawj formulated cov kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity nyob rau hauv 1915. Zoo li ntau ntau niaj hnub physics, no ziag no sib cov nyom peb intuitive notions txog lub ntiaj teb no. Ray Dinverno hais tias: "Xwb, cov kev txawj ntse leap uas coj mus Einstein los ntawm tshwj xeeb Relativity rau general - ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg keeb kwm ...". Eynshtneyn nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv mus rau ib tug colleague txais: "Kuv yeej tsis ua hauj lwm nrog xws li kev siv ... Muab piv nrog rau kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity, cov thawj lub hom phiaj - yog tus me nyuam ua si ...".

Raws li cov kev tshwj xeeb kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity, lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw yog tsis ywj siab yam. On qhov tsis tooj, lawv yog cov sib txawv ces muaj ib zaug xwb qhov chaw-lub sij hawm. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw tswj kev sib txawv siv ntas mus nrog sib txawv velocities. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv particular, ua rau lub fact tias ob txheej xwm uas tau tshwm sim simultaneous mus rau ib observer yuav tshwm sim nyob rau txawv sij hawm rau lwm tus.

Txawm li cas los, qhov no kev tshawb xav tsis piav qhov xwm ntawm tus rog ntawm attraction. Qhov no ua rau cov general kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity. Postulates nws, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub fundamentals ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb kev tshawb xav muaj lub tswv yim sib cav ntawm lub inseparable kev twb kev txuas ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab qhov chaw-lub sij hawm. Nws hais tias tus quab yuam ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus vim lub curvature ntawm qhov chaw, dab tsi tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, muaj teeb meem, qhov chaw ntawd yuav ua li cas nkhaus, thiab qhov chaw qhia teeb meem li cas rau koj tsiv tawm.

Yog li, qhov no kev tshawb xav muab ib tug ua tiav daim duab, nyob rau hauv uas qhov chaw-lub sij hawm ua yeeb yam ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hav zoov ntawm qhov teeb meem, thiab, nyob rau lwm cov tes, qhov teeb meem thiab txiav txim seb nws cov khoom.

Cov kev xav ntawm Relativity - ib tug ncej txheem rau qhov siv science. Dua li no, nws twb muab tsub lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv 1993 nyob ib leeg. Nws tau txais astrophysics Halz thiab Taylor rau ib tug piav qhia txog cov precession ntawm lub binary Pulsar - ib tug system muaj ob neutron hnub qub. Ntau ntev los no, nyob rau hauv 2011, ib Nobel nqi zog twb muab tsub rau nws pab mus rau txoj kev tshawb xav nyob rau hauv cosmology thiab cov lus piav qhia txog lub ntug expansion.

Thiab txawm hais tias nws yog negligible los rau lub ntiaj teb thiab nyob ze-lub ntiaj teb chaw, nws muaj ib tug heev ib qho tseem ceeb uas ua tau daim ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau tej zaum, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv - yog lub system ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tso rau, xws li cov American GPS thiab lub Lavxias teb sab GLONASS. Excluding cov teebmeem ntawm Relativity kev tshawb xav, cov tshuab yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm qhov ntau tsawg yog. Yog li, Yog hais tias koj - tus tswv ntawm tus xov tooj nrog lub GPS system, cov kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity ua hauj lwm rau koj.