Git - yog dab tsi? GIT rau beginners: hauj lwm

Muaj ntau ntawm cov neeg muab kev koom tes nrog software txoj kev loj hlob, tau hnov txog Git. Yuav ua li cas yog cov peb cov tsiaj ntawv? Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog qhov kev piav qhia, raws li zoo raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub lag luam, mus txuas ntxiv mus zoo siv no version tswj system, uas, tsis zoo li lwm yam zoo xws systems yog lig sib txawv tswv yim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ua hauj lwm nrog nws, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm ib tug uas zoo sib xws cov neeg siv interface. Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi Git?

piav qhia

Git yog ib tug faib version tswj system rau lub tshiab khiv tsim cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog tsim los nyob rau hauv 2005. Tus sau ntawm lub Linux operating system. Lub system synchronizes cov ua hauj lwm nrog cov chaw, raws li zoo raws li muaj thiab hloov hloov mus rau cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yog ib tug heev yooj yim mus kom ze thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib qhov project ib tug ob peb developers. Rau hnub tim, nws yog Git yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau nto moo tej yaam num. Hais tias xws li kev siv? Piv txwv li, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Android operating system yog koom nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov. Nws yuav heev yooj yim, yog hais tias ib tug ntawm lawv ua ib tug txawv, thaum lwm tus neeg tsis tau paub txog nws. Git kuj tso cai txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum paub txog tag nrho cov kev hloov, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yuam kev mus rov qab mus rau yav dhau los versions ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Siv snapshots, tsis thaj ua rau thaj

Lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm Git thiab lwm yam version tswj systems yog hais tias nws zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau cov kev pab cuam khw ntaub ntawv raws li ib daim ntawv teev txog cov kev hloov, hu ua thaj ua rau thaj rau cov ntaub ntawv. Tej systems xws li cov muab cov ntaub ntawv raws li ib tug txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug txheej ntawm cov kev hloov uas yuav ua rau txhua tus cov ntaub ntawv nrog hwm rau lub sij hawm. Yuav ua li cas cia nws cov ntaub ntawv Git? Yuav ua li cas yog muaj nyob rau hauv no system uas teev nws sib nrug los ntawm lwm leej lwm tus? Es tsis txhob thaj ua rau thaj, cov muab cov ntaub ntawv yog xav tau ib tug txheej ntawm casts ntawm ib tug me me ntaub ntawv system. Thaum twg ib tug neeg siv ua ib tug tshiab version ntawm peb tes num, cov system cia li yuav pwm ntaub ntawv raws li txoj cai thaum lub caij. Yuav kom nce lub efficiency nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau hloov, lub system tsis txuag nws, thiab ua rau ib tug siv rau ib tug yav tas los cawm dim tau daim ntawv uas tau ua mus txog hnub.

Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb sib piv rau lwm yam kev tswj systems, uas yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv Git. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov txawv ntawm cov kev pab cuam? Git ua zoo li ib daim ntawv me me system nrog haib heev cov cuab yeej uas khiav rau sab saum toj ntawm nws.

Advantageously zos ua hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua feem ntau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Git, tsuas tau lub zos cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev pab. Qhov no txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv feem ntau muaj yog tsis muaj yuav tsum tau rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg rau lwm computers nyob rau hauv lub network. Txij li thaum tag nrho cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv peb tes num nyob rau hauv lub disk, kev khiav hauj lwm tshwm sim rau xob ceev. Piv txwv li, mus saib tau cov keeb kwm ntawm peb tes num, nws yog tsis tsim nyog mus download tau los ntawm neeg rau zaub mov. Nws nyeem los ntawm ib lub zos repository rau lub computer. Yog hais tias koj xav mus saib cov kev hloov ntawm lub version ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas tau ua ib lub hlis dhau los, thiab tam sim no, koj yuav ua li cas nws heev sai sai, tsis muaj resorting mus rau lub neeg rau zaub mov.

Lwm lub zos ua hauj lwm yog ib yam dab tsi uas yuav ua tau ib tug ntau ntawm tej yam uas yuav ua tsis tau ib tug network kev twb kev txuas. Piv txwv li, ib tug tsim tawm yuav hloov thaum nyob rau hauv thauj. Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam tswj systems, qhov no yog tsis tau.

Soj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev ncaj ncees

Ua ntej koj yuav txuag tej ntaub ntawv, nws yuav muab ib tug cai nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug checksum xam ncaj qha Git. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug checksum? Qhov no tus nqi, uas yog xam siv ib tug tshwj xeeb algorithm thiab yog siv los xyuas lub sam xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub sij hawm cia thiab kis tau tus mob. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom hloov dab tsi tsis paub txog ntawm Git, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb feem ntawm cov system philosophy.

Cov feem ntau ntxiv

Yuav luag tag nrho cov kev ua ub no uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Git, ntxiv mus rau lub database. Lawv yog cov heev yooj yim mus tshem tawm. Koj muaj peev xwm tsuas poob lub muab cov ntaub ntawv yog tsis tau, tab sis cov tsis yog cais thaum nws locks rau hauv qhov chaw. Vim li no, coob tus neeg xaiv nws Git, vim hais tias ces koj yuav kev sim kawm tsis muaj feem yuav ua ib yam dab tsi irreparable.

ntaub ntawv raws li txoj cai

Ua hauj lwm nrog Git rau beginners yuav nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm peb lub xeev:

• Taag, uas yog, cov ntaub ntawv uas yog cia nyob rau hauv lub zos khw.
• Kho thaum hloov tau ua tab sis tsis tau tua preservation.
• Npaj - hloov cov ntaub ntawv uas cov cim rau preservation.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej yaam num uas siv cov Git, muaj peb seem rau qhov sib txawv xeev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv:

• Lub Git directory, uas khw muag khoom lub metadata thiab khoom cov ntaub ntawv puag. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ib feem ntawm lub cev.
• Ua hauj lwm directory, uas yog muab rho los ntawm cov database daim qauv ntawm tej version ntawm qhov kev tsim.
• Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov lus qhia txog lub tom ntej preservation.

nruab Git

Tus thawj yam uas koj yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav siv ib tug version tswj system - nruab nws. Muaj ob peb txoj kev ua li no. Yog ob lub ntsiab kev xaiv:

• Txhim kho Git los ntawm qhov twg los.
• Installation pob rau koj platform.

Txhim kho Git los ntawm qhov chaw

Thaum muaj, ib tug zoo dua kev siv ntawm qhov kev xaiv no, raws li qhov tseeb version yuav muaj. Txhua update feem ntau muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov pab kev txhim kho rau cov neeg siv interface. Uas yog vim li cas, yog hais tias koj txhim kho los ntawm qhov twg los yog tsis nyuaj heev rau koj, nws yog zoo dua mus xaiv. Yog, thiab feem ntau Linux distributions muaj xws li obsolete tej pob khoom.

Koj yuav tsum mus nruab qhov yuav tsum tau cov tsev qiv ntawv: expats, curl, libiconv, OpenSSL, zlib. Tom qab txhim kho lawv, koj muaj peev xwm download tau qhov tseeb version tswj system, sau nws thiab nws nruab.

Installation ntawm lub qhov rais

Yog hais tias koj tsis muaj Linux, raws li kuv xav siv Git, Qhov rai kuj txhawb no system. Thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev rau nruab. Muaj yog ib qhov project msysGit, lub installation txheej txheem uas yog ib tug ntawm cov uas yooj yim. Koj cia li xav tau mus download tau lub installer cov ntaub ntawv, uas muaj nyob rau hauv peb tes num tus GitHub page, thiab ces khiav nws. Tom qab installation rau koj lub computer yuav tsum muaj ob tug versions - graphical thiab console.

Initial teeb Git

Thaum cov kev tswj system yog ntsia tau rau hauv lub computer, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib co cov kauj ruam rau configure cov ib puag ncig rau cov neeg siv. Qhov no yog ua ib zaug xwb. Thaum muab kho dua rau tag nrho cov chaw txais kev cawmdim. Lawv yuav raug hloov ntawm tej lub sij hawm.

Git muaj xws li ib tug nqi hluav taws xob git config, uas tso cai rau ua chaw thiab tswj tau lub lag luam ntawm lub cev, raws li zoo raws li cov tsos. Cov tsis muaj peev xwm yuav muab nyob rau hauv peb qhov chaw:

• Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov qhov tseem ceeb uas cov kev ua tag nrho cov neeg thiab repositories.
• Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov chaw tej tus neeg siv.
• Nyob rau hauv lub configuration ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no repository. Tej tsis yog siv tau xwb rau nws.

kev cai lub npe

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tom qab installation, koj yuav tsum muab ib tug neeg lub npe thiab e-mail. Qhov no yog qho tseem ceeb heev, raws li txhua kuas nyuas siv zug (txuag lub xeev) muaj cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub cai tag nrho cov kis thiab yuav hloov tsis tau yav tom ntej.

Yog hais tias koj qhia kom meej -global kev xaiv, cov chaw yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau ua ib zaug.

Xaiv ib tug ntawv nyeem editor

Tom qab specifying lub npe ntawm tus editor xaiv, uas yuav tsim nyog thaum typing lus nyob rau hauv Git. Default yuav siv tus txheej txheem kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system editor. Yog hais tias tus neeg siv xav siv lwm tus, koj yuav tsum mus sau npe rau nws nyob rau hauv lub configuration ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv core.editor kab.

Check chaw

Yuav kom paub cov qauv rau kev Git, koj yuav tsum tau mus xyuas lub chaw siv. Rau lub hom phiaj no pab neeg no lub git lub config -list. Nws qhia tag nrho cov muaj cov kev xaiv uas muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau. Ib txhia xaiv npe yuav tau muab sau ntau tshaj ib zaug. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias Git nyeem tib qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem, lub xeem tus nqi yog siv rau txhua tus yuam sij. Nws yog tau mus xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tej lag luam uas haum mus rau hauv pab neeg no nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm «--list» - «{tseem ceeb}".

Yuav ua li cas rau tsim ib tug repository

Mus cuag lub hom phiaj no nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Tus thawj yog import nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no directory, los yog lub project. Qhov thib ob - ib tug clone ntawm neeg rau zaub mov ntawm ib tug uas twb muaj lawm repository.

Tsim nyob rau hauv no directory

Yog hais tias tus neeg siv txiav txim siab mus pib siv Git rau ib tug uas twb muaj lawm project, nws yuav tsum tau mus rau cov directory thiab initialize lub system. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ib pab neeg git init. Nws tsim ib tug subdirectory nyob rau hauv lub directory uas yuav muaj tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv. Rau ntawm no theem, tseem tsis tau ntsia version tswj nyob rau hauv peb tes num. Mus ntxiv ntaub ntawv los tswj lawv cov kev xav tau rau Performance index thiab ua rau cov thawj fixation ntawm cov kev hloov.

cloning ib repository

Yog xav tau ib daim qauv ntawm ib qho uas twb muaj lawm repository xav tau ib tug pab neeg git clone. Nrog kev pab los ntawm Git tau txais ib daim ntawv luam ntawm ze li ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub neeg rau zaub mov. Qhov no siv rau tag nrho cov versions ntawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv. Ib tug heev muab rau feature, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm neeg rau zaub mov programmer yuav siv lub clone rau tej neeg rov qab rau cov neeg rau zaub mov mus rau lub xeev nyob rau hauv uas nws yog thaum cloning. Qhov no yog xws li ib tug restore point.

Hmong ib cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Git

Uninstall tej ntaub ntawv yuav ua tau, yog hais tias peb cais nws los ntawm qhov Performance index, uas yog, ntawm lub saib cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ib pab neeg git rm. Nws kuj yuav tshem cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm tus neeg siv lub directory. Ces koj yuav tsum tau ua lub ua. Tom qab nws, cov ntaub ntawv tsuas ploj thiab tsis muaj kev saib xyuas. Yog hais tias nws yuav hloov, thiab yog twb indexed, ces thov ib tug yuam kev tshem tawm nrog lub -f kev xaiv. Xws li ib tug txoj kev yuav tiv thaiv tau cov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau tseem tsis tau cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv lub snapshot, thiab hais tias yog tsis muaj txoj kev uas yuav rov qab kho cov system.

Ncua tseg hloov

Lub sij hawm twg, tej zaum nws yuav tsim nyog mus tshem tej kev txiav txim. Yog hais tias tus neeg siv muaj ua thaum ntxov, tsis nco qab mus ntxiv ib co ntaub ntawv, nws tseem tau mus tshaj nws los ntawm kev siv cov kev xaiv --amend. Qhov no hais kom ua yog siv los ua lub Performance index. Yog hais tias tom qab kawg tseg tsis tau muaj kev hloov, peb tes num yuav tsum nyob rau hauv tib lub mob, thiab cov editor yuav cov lus, qhov twg tus neeg siv yuav hloov txhua yam uas koj xav tau. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias tsis yog txhua tshem tawm ntawm lub lag luam yuav tsum tau muab tso tseg. Tej zaum koj yuav mus tas li rho tawm qhov tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yuav tsum tau attentive.

tau

Tam sim no tus neeg siv yuav tsum tsim ib lub tswv yim dab tsi lub Git, yog vim li cas xav tau no version tswj system, yuav ua li cas nws txawv ntawm lwm cov khoom. Nws yog tseeb hais tias ib tug tag nrho cov saib xyuas yog tsim nyog rau nruab ib ua hauj lwm version ntawm Git nrog tus kheej nqis rau lawv tus kheej. Tsis tiv thaiv tej tutorial los yog video thaum kawg rau Git rau "dummies", uas yuav tsum tau tuav tus neeg siv cov kauj ruam yog kauj ruam ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog lub system.