Japanese ntaub ntawv. Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob

Nyij Japanese cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau tshaj 1,500 xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws tau hloov ntau lub sij hawm: tus cwj pwm tshiab, tiam sis, cov txuj ci zoo nkauj tau tshwm sim. Qee qhov kev ua haujlwm uas tsis tau lees paub los ua qhov tseeb, thiab cov phau ntawv cog lus poob lawv qhov tseeb nyob rau ob peb lub xyoo. Koj puas xav paub ntau ntxiv txog Japanese cov ntaub ntawv? Txog nws ups thiab downs? Nyeem qhov tsab xov xwm no!

Ancient Literature

Hauv paus pib, myths thiab nkauj tau faib tawm hauv Nyiv Pooj, uas kis tau ntawm ncauj. Txawm li ntawd los, los ze rau xyoo VII, txhua yam hloov. Huab tais ntawm Tenji tau tsim cov tsev kawm qib siab uas nws kawm Suav. Tsis ntev tom qab, qiv thiab ua zoo rau hieroglyphs los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, muaj lus sau Japanese. Yog li, los ntawm xya xyoo pua, kev sau ntawv tau sib kis ceev ceev. Vim li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Japanese cov ntaub ntawv pib tshwm.

Thawj Japanese ua haujlwm uas tau nqis los rau peb lub sij hawm yog lub npe hu ua "Kojiki". Nws tau sau los ntawm Yasumaro Ono hauv 712. Cov phau ntawv muaj ntau yam lus dab neeg, sawv cev los ntawm cov nkauj, cov dab neeg, cov lus dab neeg, cov lus dab neeg, thiab lwm yam ntxiv. Tom qab tag nrho, nyob rau hauv lub Kojiki, tus neeg sau tseg ib co keeb kwm legends thiab keeb kwm.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Japanese keeb kwm yog "Manyoshu". Phau ntawv yog ib phau ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm zaj nkauj, uas muaj ntau tshaj li 4000 tus neeg thiab tus kws sau ntawv zaj paj lug.

Classical cov ntawv nyeem

Lub sijhawm tom ntej ntawm Japanese cov ntaub ntawv raug hu ua classical. Nws ntawd kub ntev los ntawm VIII rau XII ib-paus xyoo. Dab tsi yog yam ntxwv rau lub sijhawm no? Japanese ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau intertwined nrog Suav. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg hauv Nyij Pooj tau tsis paub. Nws yog vim li no tias Japanese cov ntawv tseeb tau kis ntawm cov aristocracy thiab lub tsev hais plaub siab dua. Tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub caij nyoog no yog qhov feem ntau ntawm cov hauj lwm tau sau los ntawm cov poj niam. Nws yog vim li no tias Japanese cov ntawv nyeem cov ntawv nyeem yog dominated ntawm tsev neeg thiab lwm yam khoom plig decorative.

Qhov piv txwv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm no yog "Tale of the Beautiful Otikubo". Phau ntawv qhia txog lub neej ntawm Japanese Cinderella, uas huddled nyob rau hauv ib tug me me komorke, honoring cov kev lig kev cai ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv, cov lus cog tseg kev coj dawb huv. Vim nws cov high morals nws twb tau mus ua txhaum tawm ntawm rags rau kev nplua nuj, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws noble thiab muaj nplua nwj gentleman.

Yog tias peb tham txog hom kev qhia ua ib hom ntawv nyeem, cov ntawv nyeem tau txav deb ntawm cov neeg pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm myths thiab tales ntau dua lwm yam: novels, novellas, dab neeg, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua, txawm thawj Japanese xov xwm txoj cai "The Story of the Old Man Taketori" tau luam tawm. Nws qhia txog ib tug laus ntoo uas tau ntsib ib tug me nyuam ntxhais uas tau hloov mus ua neeg nyob hauv lub hli.

Medieval ntaub ntawv

Lub caij nyoog sau zaj liv xwm no tau ua tiav los ntawm 12 txog rau tiam 17th. Lub hwj chim nyob hauv lub teb chaws tau hloov radical. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub mikado, uas yog ib tug ntse heev cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws, tuaj cov tub rog hoob kawm hu ua shogun.

Kev ua ub ua no ntawm lub teb chaws pib poob sai sai. Xws li yeeb yam xws li nov thiab Japanese kwv huam, tau nyob rau hauv oblivion. Memoirs ntawm cov commanders thiab cov ua haujlwm ntawm keeb kwm tus cwj pwm zoo kawg lawm qhov chaw. Feem ntau, Japanese cov ntaub ntawv tau ua ntau tsausmuag thiab ntshav. Nws tseem yog nqi pom tias cov poj niam sau ntawv tsis tau noj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub medieval txawj txheej txheem nyob rau hauv Nyiv.

"Genpei Joysuiki" yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm cov lus Nyas Tshaj thaum cov lus Nyij Pooj. Cov hauj lwm qhia txog cov kev ua thiab cov neeg tawg rog ntawm ob tsev neeg aristocratic - Genji thiab Heike. Phau ntawv zoo li Shakespeare tus chronicle nyob rau hauv ntsuj plig. Cov khoom yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev ua phem rau kev lim hiam, kev sib txuas ntawm keeb kwm qhov tseeb nrog cov ntawv tseeb, cov ntawv dig muag thiab kev xav.

Kawm Japanese Literature

Tom qab lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ntawm cov shoguns, cov huab tais rov qab los rau lub hwj chim. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib lub sijhawm tshiab hauv Japanese cov ntaub ntawv, uas tau mus txog rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Lub teb chaws ntawm lub nce hnub tau dhau qhib rau lwm lub ntiaj teb. Thiab qhov no ua tau yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov ntawv nyeem. Ib yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm no yog lub tswv yim ntawm European tswv yim thiab cov qauv.

Thaum xub thawj, pes tsawg tus txhais lus ntawm European (suav nrog Lavxias) cov ntawv nyeem nce. Cov neeg xav kawm txog txawv teb chaws. Tom qab, thawj Japanese ua haujlwm pib tshwm, lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv European style. Piv txwv, cov phau ntawv xws li "Pillar of Fire", "Kev Hlub Confession ntawm Ob Nuns", "The Five-Pagoda Pagoda", tau hloov mus deb ntawm Japanese cov chav kawm ntawv. Hauv tej hauj lwm no, European ideology thiab kev coj ntawm lub neej tau khwv khawb khawb.

Lub sij hawm tom qab ua tsov rog

Lub swb nyob rau hauv Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ob zoo heev cuam tshuam tag nrho cov neeg Nyij Pooj Kab lis kev cai thiab lub neej ntawm txhua tus neeg. Cov kev hloov tsis tau dhau los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Japanese sau ntawv tau propagated ib tug tshiab ideology uas combines muaj cov laus cov kev cai thiab niaj hnub kev cai ywj pheej ( "Txhiab Cranes" Yasunari Kawabata "Tus zoo daus" Dzyunitiro Tanidzaki).

Japanese ntaub ntawv. Hokku

Japanese tej hauj lwm ntawm ib qho kev lyrical qhov tsim nyog tau tshwj xeeb mloog. Japanese kwv huam, los yog hokku (haiku), tau nrov thoob plaws tag nrho cov sij hawm ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv nyeem. Lub peculiarity ntawm xws khoom nyob rau hauv cov qauv. Raws li lub canons ntawm qhov ib hom ntawv, hokku muaj 17 syllables, uas yog tus kab ntawm hieroglyphs. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov haujlwm zoo li no yog qhov kev piav qhia ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov xwm txheej lossis kev xav txog kev xav. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog Takahama Kyoshi, Kobayashi Issa, Masaoka Siki. Zoo, leej txiv ntawm hockey hu ua Matsuo Basho.