Keeb kwm ntawm Carnival nyob rau hauv Russia

Mardi Gras - nws yog ib tug ntawm ob peb lub teb chaws hnub caiv, nrog millennia ntawm keeb kwm, uas yog tseem lom los ntawm Russians. Txawm li cas los, kaum tawm qhuas, yees ua rau cov nyob ntawm tej ntawm lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv anticipation ntawm Lent, peb contemporaries paub rau lub zog ntawm 5-6. Ntxiv mus, muaj ntau yam tsis paub yog vim li cas thiab thaum twg nyob rau hauv Russia Maslenitsa. Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nyiaj so koobtsheej yog nthuav thiab cov me nyuam uas yog tshwj xeeb yog attracted rau kev lom zem kev ua si thiab kev lom zem, raws li zoo li qab tsoos zaub mov. Piv txwv li, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau nrhiav ib tug me nyuam uas tsis nyiam pancakes thiab pancakes!

pagan hnub caiv

Qhuas ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub rooj sib tham thiab farewell rau lub caij ntuj no muaj ntau sedentary haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm paganism. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub Slavs los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial lom caij nplooj ntoos hlav solstice. Muaj kuj yog ib qho lwm txoj kev saib hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm Carnival nws muaj nws keeb kwm nyob rau ib lub sij hawm thaum lub cult ntawm tus vaj tswv Veles, yog lub patron neeg dawb huv ntawm nyuj yug me nyuam thiab ua liaj ua teb. Nws tsiab peb caug ntog rau hauv 24th ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj mus rau lub tshiab style thiab preceded ib lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub xyoo tshiab, uas li kom txog thaum 1492, lub xyoo pib nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj.

carnival

Muaj ntau soj ntsuam ntawm ntseeg tias lub keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Carnival hnub rov qab mus rau Antiquity. Tseeb, lub Festival zoo li tus Slavic lub caij ntuj no nyob ntawm tej muaj nyob rau hauv ancient Rome. Tom qab tus me nyuam ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv los ntawm lub Emperor Constantine nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no 1-2 xyoo pua ua ntej lub tsev teev ntuj muaj ib tug lo lus nug ntawm eradicating paganism. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, muaj ntau yam festivities ntawm tus tshiab ntseeg tau kis nyob rau hauv lub hnub coj mus rau lub hnub thaum nws tau txiav txim siab los qhuas tus ancient Roman gods. Nyob rau hauv kev, rau ib thaj tsam ntawm Lent tau pauv dog dig, thiab es tsis txhob bacchanalian, thiab Saturnalia twb muaj kev cai dab qhuas processions. Incidentally, tsis muaj coob tus neeg paub hais tias tus Fabkis lo lus "Carnival" yog txhais li "nqaij farewell", thiab nyob rau hauv qhib nrog lub ancient lub npe ntawm lub thib ob Lavxias teb sab Maslenitsa - Myasopustu. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm carnivals nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub txiav txim nyob rau hauv feem ntau European lub zos pib mus rau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub 9 xyoo pua. By lub sij hawm no lub tsev teev ntuj twb txhawb nws txoj hauj lwm, thiab cov txiv plig tsawg leej mob siab tiv thaiv nrog lub remnants ntawm pagan yav dhau los, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij thaum thawj thawj ib nrab ntawm cov nyiaj so koobtsheej lub lim tiam twb nrog los ntawm heev heev kev cai dab qhuas ceremonies.

Keeb kwm Shrovetide kev ua koob tsheej nyob rau hauv Russia: qhov chaw

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias cov ntseeg Vajtswv tuaj rau peb los ntawm lub Byzantine Empire, lub successor mus rau lub kab lis kev cai ntawm ancient Greece. Uas yog vim li cas lub keeb kwm ntawm Carnival nyob rau hauv Russia - yog ib tug sib tov ntawm Slavic qhuas thiab Orthodox sawv ntawm pej xeem cov festivals nyob rau hauv lub khiav-mus rau Lent. Cov yav tas, nyob rau hauv lem, sawv raws li ib tug continuation ntawm lub processions nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus vaj tswv Dionysius.

Carnival thiab qiv

Tej zaum tib neeg yuav mus idealize lub yav dhau los thiab tsis nco qab hais tias Russia kom txog thaum lub 18th pua yog ib tug Agrarian lub teb chaws, qhov chaw uas feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem tau peasants. Lawv txoj kev vam meej yog ncaj qha nyob rau cov huab cua puag, yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv ntshiv xyoo ntau tau mus rau nrog lub phenomenon ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis. Yog li, hearty noj ntau yog ib tug ntawm ob peb pleasures muaj, li ntawd, tej nyiaj so koobtsheej muab rau hauv ib lub tsiab peb caug. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshwm thaum muaj ib tug considers lub keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Carnival. Nyob rau hauv kev, muaj ntau soj ntsuam ntawm ntseeg tias qiv, tsuas yog kev cai dab qhuas overtones, thiab nws muaj ib tug utilitarian kev txiav txim zoo. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv lig lub caij ntuj no-thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub peasants khiav tawm ntawm cov zaub mov, thiab txwv tsis pub tso cai "los tuav nyob rau hauv" txog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum muaj nceb thiab tshuaj ntsuab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub ob hlis ntuj kuv pib calving nyuj, ces nws yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov mis nyuj, siv tau los ua butter thiab cheese. Thaum lub sij hawm Lent lawv muaj kev tswj kom sau rau yav tom ntej siv, li ntawd tom qab Easter peasants tau muab nrog high-calorie khoom noj, uas yog heev ke nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm sowing. Ua ntej mus tas li tso tseg hearty, liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm cov chav kawm kev lom zem thiab indulge nyob rau hauv gluttony. Thiab ces, raws li cov dab neeg hloov zuj zuj tshwm sim ntawm Carnival, nws depended rau ntawm lub tastes thiab nyiam ntawm lub princes thiab kav cov vaj ntxwv.

Kev ua koob tsheej nyob rau hauv Peter lub Great

Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Russia tau txais ib co European lig kev cai. Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv 1722, tom qab ib tug protracted tsov rog nrog Sweden, huab tais Peter lub Great caw mus koom nyob rau hauv lub festivities oilseed txawv teb chaws ambassadors. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua surprise rau cov teb chaws Europe, ib tug unprecedented spectacle twb txheej txheem: tus huab tais mus los ntawm cov daus rau lub nkoj, kos los ntawm kaum nees, thiab ua raws li los ntawm "floating" lub gondola nrog huab tais Catherine hnav khaub ncaws raws li ib tug yooj yim cov neeg pluag. Thiab hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua! Rau muaj koob muaj npe tug neeg tsiv mus nyob rau lwm ships, kos los ntawm txawv tsiaj, uas nqa lub tsev hais plaub. Tag nrho cov no twb nrog nrov nrov suab paj nruag thiab illumination, thiab ua rau cov neeg tuaj saib ib tug lasting tswv yim.

Cov kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Carnival nyob rau hauv Catherine II

Keeb kwm ntawm Carnival thiab muaj ib co nthuav cov nplooj ntawv txuam nrog lub npe ntawm Catherine II. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws tau ua tswvcuab kev cai npaj Gras processions nyob rau hauv Moscow, uas tau tsiv mus nrog rau tag nrho lub tsev hais plaub nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj no. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm xws li ib tug spectacle ntawm lub nroog dwellers thiab txawv teb chaws qhua twb tau txaus siab rau lub hnub ntawm lub coronation ntawm lub Empress. Cia li Procession kev yog 4,000 tus neeg kawm thiab 200 lub tsheb ua rog.

Muaj kuj yog ib zaj dab neeg ntawm Carnival celebrations, muaj feem xyuam rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub reign ntawm Catherine II: nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tus me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug tub xeeb ntxwv Alexander Empress txheej txheem koob tsheej ntawm unprecedented proportions. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub tsev hais plaub, uas ua yeej nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si, pib tom qab noj hmo, twb muab precious khoom plig. Nyob rau hauv cia li ib thaum yav tsaus ntuj cov Empress muab tam sim ntawd 150 hniav nyiaj hniav kub, rau cov uas Mardi Gras 1777 lub xyoo twb dubbed Pob Zeb Diamond.

sawv

Keeb kwm ntawm Carnival tau khaws cia ua ntej peb qhov kev piav qhia ntawm tshwj xeeb qhuas. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm peb pog koob yawg koob pancake lub lim tiam tau pleev xim rau los ntawm hnub, thiab txhua tus muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub npe:

"Lub rooj sib tham" - Monday;

"Zaigrysh" -vtornik;

"Gourmand" - qhov ib puag ncig;

"Dav-Razguliay Thursday ntawm" - Thursday;

"Teschin Vecherki" - Friday;

"Zolovkina gatherings" - Saturday;

"Zam txim Day" - Sunday.

Twb nrov ua ub no xws li skating nrog dej khov slides thiab kho mob loj, rituals txuam nrog rau ob niam txiv, processions ntawm maskers, nrig fights thiab pab pawg neeg kev sib tw. Piv txwv li, igrishch koom tau muab faib ua ob pawg thiab ntaus los yog cams txheej txheem rau lub capture ntawm daus lub zos. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Carnival yuav tau unthinkable yam uas tsis tau hlawv effigies uas zoo nyob rau hauv txawv cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.

kho

Raws li twb tau hais, lub Carnival yog qhov kawg lub sij hawm mus noj zoo noj ua ntej ib tug ntev Lent. Tsoos noj mov muaj mis nyuj cov khoom (kua, tsev cheese, cheese) thiab qe, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov hmoov nplej khoom, xws li cheese ncuav, pancakes, pryazhentsy, lozenges thiab twigs. Raws li rau cov dej qab zib, lub xum rau npias.

Tsiab peb caug Maslenitsa: zaj dabneeg rau cov me nyuam

Kom txuag tau tus Lavxias teb sab neeg lub kev cai yog tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb rau accustom cov me nyuam mus rau lawv kab lis kev cai los ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog. Qhov no kuj siv rau Shrovetide. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no hnub caiv - ib qho ntawm ob peb uas tau tuaj sau rau peb yuav luag unchanged. Cov xib fwb yuav tsum tau mus pib acquaintance nrog cov me nyuam Carnival nrog ib zaj dab neeg uas ib zaug raws li qhov ib lub sij hawm peb pog koob yawg koob, nkees ntawm lub caij ntuj no ntev, txiav txim siab yuav ua rau nws muaj kev lom zem. Thiab ntau npaum li cas kev lom zem tsis muaj cov me nyuam ua si thiab kev lom zem?! Yog li ntawd, nws yog invented comic contest nyob rau hauv uas cov neeg koom yuav nrhiav seb leej twg nyob rau hauv lawv yog tus siab tawv tab sis ntse khub.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Yog hais tias koj xav nrhiav ib tug nyiaj so koobtsheej nyob rau hauv cov qib kindergarten "Mardi Gras: ib zaj dab neeg rau cov me nyuam," sawv nrog cov me nyuam kawm tau ntau yam ntawm kev tso dag, tso dag. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lawv muaj yees ua ib tug ob peb centuries dhau los, niaj hnub no lawv yog ib tug zoo cuab tam rau familiarizing cov me nyuam mus rau lawv lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai.

Tam sim no uas koj paub yuav ua li cas noj peb caug Maslenitsa nyob rau hauv Russia. Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nyiaj so koobtsheej yog tag nrho ntawm nthuav cov lus tseeb uas yuav yeej yuav ntawm kev txaus siab rau cov laus thiab cov me nyuam.