Kev Kawm Ntawv Moscow State: ntsiab sij hawm thiab politicians

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Daniel Alexandrovich raws li ib tug "unifier" Lavxias teb sab teb chaws coj li Moscow. Nws yog los ntawm lub sij hawm no pib lub creation ntawm ib tug centralized lub xeev nrog ib tug unified capital. Sawv ntawm lub Grand Duchy ntawm Moscow thiab qhov chaw - nyob rau hauv Moscow - yog tsis muaj coincidence. Qhov no yog facilitated los paaj thaj txoj hauj lwm, txoj cai caum Moscow rulers, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab dhau los ntawm Lavxias teb sab av luam tseem khiav. Founder ntawm lub dynasty ntawm princes ntawm Moscow yog xav tau cov tub Aleksandra Nevskogo - Daniel, tau seized lub nqi zog ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib nyob rau hauv 1263 thiab active nyob rau hauv expanding lawv pawg neeg thaj av. Yog li, nyob rau hauv 1301 lub Moscow nqi zog tuaj koom Kolomna, thiab nyob rau hauv 1303 - Mozhaysk. Nyob rau hauv cia li ib tug ob peb xyoos, Daniel reign ntawm nws nqi zog tau nce ho thiab tau ua ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau haib nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia.

Great cawv rau hauv lub tsim ntawm Moscow State muaj ib tug reign Ivana Daniilovicha, uas yeej txuas ntxiv nws txiv lub chaw ua hauj lwm los nthuav lub cheeb tsam ntawm lawv cov av thiab koom Belozerskoye Moscow, Uglich thiab Galich nqi zog. Ivan Danilovich, nicknamed Kalita, nkag mus hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia raws li ib tug siab phem, txawj ntse thiab zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab kav, them ntau xim rau kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Golden Horde. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Ivan Kalita Moscow los ua qhov chaw ntawm mus tas li qhov chaw nyob nyob rau hauv nws tus tub vaj ntxwv, uas ntxiv ntxiv dag zog rau cov cai ntawm lub Moscow princes ua ntej governors seem Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av.

Ntxiv kev kawm ntawv centralized Moscow lub xeev Nws yog coj los ntawm cov tub Kalita - Ivan liab thiab Simeon lub siab, mus koom nrog nws Starodubsky, Dmitrov av, Kostroma thiab Kaluga.

Nyob rau tsim ntawm ib tug tib xeev yuav tsis muaj cov nyhuv ntawm feudal strife uas tsoo tawm nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-14th cov xyoo pua, ntawm lub zoo-xeeb ntxwv Ivana Kality, cov kev cai muaj nyob rau hauv ze sib thooj mus Moscow principalities. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau ua yeebncuab ntawm cov kwv tij los ua ib lo lus nug ntawm kev hloov qhov kev txiav txim ntawm succession. Txawv lub ntsiab lus feudal kev tsov kev rog ntawm lub 14th xyoo pua lus dag nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam tw thiab los ntawm UFW ntawm kev tsim ib zaug xwb lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Russia, nrog nws capital nyob rau hauv Moscow. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov neeg uas advocated rau centralisation ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av, unquestioning yeej tau yeej.

Cov tsim ntawm lub Muscovite lub xeev tau ua tiav thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Ivan III thiab nws tus tub - Vasily III. Ua nom ua tswv thiab cov thawj ntawm qhov seem uas Lavxias teb sab principalities nkag kis mus rau cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv Moscow. Cov neeg uas tseem tsis kam mus paub txog txoj cai ntawm cov Moscow princes, tso tseg lawv cov av thiab khiav mus nyob sib ze lub teb chaws (nyob rau hauv particular, nyob rau hauv Lithuania). Cov yav tas, qhov loj tshaj plaws av, tswj lub hwj chim ntawm ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib nqi zog, yog Novgorod, uas lub boyars rau lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm mus xaus ib daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv vassalage nrog Lithuania. Tej hau kev kawm ntawm no, Ivan III nyob rau hauv 1471 tau tsa ib lub peb hlis ntuj rau lub nroog. Lub decisive sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Shelon dej cheeb tsam, lub Novgorod troops tau kiag li yeej lub Muscovites. Xya xyoo tom qab, Novgorod los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Moscow nqi zog.

Cov tsim ntawm lub Muscovite lub xeev tau ua tiav nrog lub accession rau nws nyob rau hauv 1485. Tver. Rights nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm no ntawm Ivan III tau txais lub npe ntawm tus Emperor ntawm Tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj. Qhov kawg ntawm tus 14th cov xyoo pua mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws raws li qhov kawg ntawm nws lub sij hawm ntawm feudal fragmentation.

Kev Kawm Ntawv Moscow State txuam nrog xws li ib tug zoo kawg tshwm sim raws li lub liberation ntawm Russia los ntawm ze li ntawm 240-xyoo-laus Mongol-Tatar quab. Ivan III yog thawj rulers ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los xyoo pua tau ceased mus them tribute mus rau lub Tatars. Nyob rau hauv 1480 Khan Akhmat los kom rov qab kho cov dominance ntawm lub teb chaws twb pom, uas yog hai. Tom qab lub liberation ntawm Russia los ntawm lub yoke ntawm ntxub yog ib tug unprecedented txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub Moscow nqi zog, tau txuas mus rau nws seem unsubordinated av: Smolensk, Pskov thiab Ryazan. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th lig rau hauv daim ntawv qhia yuav tsum muaj ib tug tshiab lub hwj chim uas yog nce hu ua Russia.