Kev siv ntawm b thiab b tej yam tshwm sim: kev cai, nta thiab ce

Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas koj sim mus hais tau cov tub ntxhais kawm hais tias cov kev txawj ntse tau nyob rau hauv lawv cov tsev kawm ntawv xyoo, lawv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, hmoov tsis, nws tsis yog. Txawm li cas los, tej yam uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv neeg laus lub neej. Piv txwv li, muaj peev xwm sau kom raug. Yuav kom tau sai dlua nws, koj yuav tsum paub yooj yim qauv sau ntawv kev cai lij choj ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Cov lawv - cov kev cai tswj rau kev siv cov kev sib cais b thiab b tej yam tshwm sim.

Hard kos npe rau: keeb kwm thiab nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lo lus

Nees nkaum-yim tsab ntawv ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab ntawv, txawm tias tsis yog lub suab nyob rau hauv lus ua ib qho tseem ceeb muaj nuj nqi. правила, регулирующие употребление ъ и ь знаков, стоит немного узнать о ее истории и роли в слове. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej koj xav txog cov kev cai tswj kev siv cov b thiab b tej yam tshwm sim, yuav tsum paub ib tug me ntsis txog nws keeb kwm thiab lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lo lus.

Hard kos npe rau muaj nyob rau hauv Slavic lus, yuav luag los ntawm lub caij ntawm lawv tsim. Thaum xub thawj, nws yog ib tug luv luv cim suab, kom txog rau thaum nws tau los ua ib tug hais tsis tau lus tsab ntawv uas yog siv los mus cais lo lus rau lub suab, thiab hloov teb.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. nws twb pom hais tias cov nquag siv ntawm Kommersant nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem (4% ntawm tag nrho cov) yog tsis tsim nyog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub hlua taws xob ua lag ua luam, cursive sau ntawv thiab publishing. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, peb tau nrhiav kom tsis txhob muaj kev siv ntawm ib cov khoom cim.

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917, tsab ntawv no rau tag nrho cov twb abolished rau yuav luag kaum xyoo. Raws li ib tug separator nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, nyob rau hauv cov lus siv los ntawm lub apostrophe. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1928 nws tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab lus (tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian thiab Belarusian), thiab nws Paub Faib muaj nuj nqi coj lub zog kos npe rau, uas nws yog rau hnub no.

Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, nyob rau hauv cov lus muab tso rau b

Nrog hais txog kev siv ntawm ib tug nruj heev phaj, muaj ib tug kev cai ob peb ntawm nws cov nqe lus ua ntej e, w, e, kuv:

• Tom qab ua ntej lo lus uas xaus nyob rau hauv consonants: connector, predyubileyny.
• Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov uas tau tuaj los ntawm lwm hom lus, nrog tsiaj ntawv ua pib ab-, ad-, diz-, invariant, luv, concentration, thiab ob- sub: adjuvant disjunction.
• Tom qab lub txee, lauj kaub, super, trans thiab feld-: panevropeizm, superyacht.
• Tiabsis cov lus pib nrog ob, peb-, plaub dual-core, peb-theem, chetyrehyazychny.

Muaj ib co kev zam, thaum b yog tsis nyob rau lub hlws ris ntawm tsiaj ntawv ua pib thiab keeb kwm, thiab nyob rau hauv lo lus nws tus kheej. Cov npe muaj xws li courier thiab qhov khuam.

Thaum b tsis muab

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub kev cai tswj kev siv cov b thiab b tej yam tshwm sim, nws yog ib nqi nco ntsoov thiab mob qhov twg lawv yuav tsis tau mus teev:

• Hard kos npe rau yog tsis muab tso rau hauv ib lo lus nrog lub prefix xaus nyob rau hauv ib tug tsiaj ntawv tsab ntawv, thaum, tom qab nws ua raws li niam ib tug, o, u, y, e, s: serene, tus me nyuam khi.
• Tsis txhob muab tso rau qhov cim nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm slozhnosokraschennyh: inyaz, glavyuvelirtorg.
• Tsis txhob muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv tokens, sau ntawv nrog ib tug hyphen: ib nrab ntawm lub diocese, ib nrab ib Kua.

Xav txog cov kev cai tswj kev siv cov b thiab b tej yam tshwm sim, ua lub Paub Faib muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, nws yog tsim nyog los nco ntsoov tias lub token "sab hauv" thiab "tus neeg teev ntawv" sau thoob plaws lub mos kos npe rau. Tej kev sau ntawv yog tsis muaj tsuas yog, raws li nyob rau hauv lo lus "sab hauv" Inter - tsis prefix, raws li ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub "scribe" prefix yog tsis sub, thiab po- thiab -dyach - yog lub hauv paus.

Li cas rau cov mos mos kos npe rau

Raws li rau b, nws meant nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm luv luv cim [u], tab sis maj mam, raws li Kommersant tau poob nws cov ntsiab lus.

Yog li ntawd nws muab khaws cia tseg muaj peev xwm [thiab] impart softness ntej tsiaj ntawv.

Tsis zoo li cov khoom cim, mos mos nyob rau hauv lo lus yuav ua tau peb zog.

• Faib.
• Qhia ua ntej suab mos mos.
• Siv los qhia ib co grammatical cov ntaub ntawv.

Cov ntsiab lus uas siv cov mos mos kos npe rau

, регулирующие употребление ъ и ь знаков , стоит усвоить несколько правил: Kawm cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus tswj kev siv ntawm b thiab b tej yam tshwm sim, yuav tsum kawm ib ob peb cov kev cai:

• Mos kos npe rau, ua tau zoo ib tug sib cais muaj nuj nqi, tsis muab tso rau tom qab lub prefix (uas yog cov ntau ntawm ib tug khoom cim). Qhov ntawm lo lus, nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev sib cais s yog sau - yog lub hauv paus, tom qab thiab xaus li e, e, w, n: liab, sab hauv. Qhov no txoj cai siv rau ob lub Lavxias teb sab lus, thiab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus borrowed los ntawm lwm hom lus.
• Nkauj nraug s muab tso rau hauv ib co lus ua ntej nws ua ke ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv: mushroom, kib, Tshuag thiab ib tug lab.

Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas s qhia txog cov softness ntawm yav tas los lub suab, thiab tsis tau ib tug Paub Faib muaj nuj nqi, qhov chaw txiav txim los ntawm lub cai nram qab no:

• Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub lo lus s qhia softness ntawv L, yog hais tias nws yog preceded by lwm tsiaj ntawv lwm yam tshaj li L: Tom ntiv tes xoo, ib tug plea. Tsis tas li ntawd, "tsis wedged" mos mos kos npe rau hauv ob peb ua ke ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv: LF Hm, HH, Pm, Cheka, CHN, RF, schn (drummer, tswm ciab).
• Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub lo lus kos npe rau yog muab tso rau ntawm lub mos mos thiab nyuaj consonants: thov heev.
• Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub lo lus s yuav sawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob tug mos mos consonants. Yog tias tus thawj yog ib tug me me daim ntawv ntawm cov lo lus nrog qhov kev hloov, thiab lub thib ob - tau txais hardness: thov - thov kom ib tsab ntawv - tsab ntawv hais tias.
• Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, lub cim yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm ib lo lus tom qab ib tug tsiaj ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yuav pab tau teem tus nqi ntawm cov tokens: flax (cog) - laziness (cim zoo), con (qhov chaw thawj koom ruam nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua si) - ib tug nees (ib tug tsiaj).

Raws li ib tug marker rau tej grammatical ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov cim yog siv nyob rau hauv xws li mob:

• Lub adjectives uas muaj arisen los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov lub hlis (tsuas yog ib hlis ntuj): Lub ob hlis ntuj, Cuaj hlis.
• Thaum kawg ntawm lub numerals ntawm 5 mus rau 30, thiab nyob rau hauv lawv nruab nrab, thaum lawv xaiv kaum los ntawm 50 mus rau 80 thiab pua pua ntawm 500 rau 900: rau, xya caum yim.
• Nyob rau hauv lub imperative verbs (tsuas yog dag - pw): Siv tawm - rub tawm, muab pov - muab.
• Nyob rau hauv infinitive (xub pib qhia txog kev ua daim ntawv) muaj loj hlob.
• Nyob rau hauv txhua tus neeg mob cov lo lus "yim" thiab cov instrumental cov ntaub ntawv ntau tshaj ib tus. tus xov tooj ntawm ib tug neeg numerals thiab npe: rau, whips.

Kev siv ntawm s thiab b decimal uas sov g, h, w, w

Tom qab cov tsiaj ntawv, cov mos mos kos npe rau yog tau nrog cov nram qab no tej yam kev mob:

• Thaum lub kawg ntawm feem ntau adverbs thiab hais, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm: yam nkaus thiab, npaum li cas, unbearable, muaj txij nkawm thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov preposition.
• Lub infinitive: khaws cia, ci.
• Nyob rau hauv lub qho tseem ceeb qhia txog kev ua: smear, nplij nws lub siab.
• Lub txoj II tus neeg zoo tshaj verbs ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej thiab lub tam sim no: muag, raznesesh.
• Qhov kawg ntawm nominative npe zoo. zoo, nyob rau hauv lub III declension: ib tug ntxhais lub dag lub zog. Kev sib piv, nyob rau hauv m zoo -. Quaj, broadsword.

Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, s yog tsis siv tom qab no cov tsiaj ntawv:

• Nyob rau hauv tus declension II: hangman, dummy.
• Lub luv luv-daim ntawv adjectives: tshiab, kub.
• Lub genitive plural npe: puddles, huab.

Hard kos npe rau tom qab Zoo, w, h, u, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm ib lo lus los yog cov hauv paus hniav yog tsis muab tso rau raws li nws lub "qhov chaw" yog yeej ib txwm tom qab ib tug prefix ua ntej e, e, w, i.

Kev siv ntawm s thiab b tej yam tshwm sim: ce

Tom qab saib tag nrho cov neeg mob qhov chaw kawm ib qho nyuaj thiab mos mos tej yam tshwm sim, yuav tsum mus rau lub ce. Kom tsis txhob tsis meej pem, peb tau coj tuaj ua ke feem ntau ntawm cov saum toj no kev cai tswj kev siv cov b thiab b tej yam tshwm sim. Cov nram qab no, yuav pab raws li ib tug clue rau ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv no ce, koj yuav tsum xaiv uas ntawm cov ntawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lus.

Qhov no ua hauj lwm kev txhawj xeeb rau kev siv cov mos mos kos npe rau, tom qab lub hissing cov tsiaj ntawv. Nws yuav tsum qhib lub nkhaus thiab qhov chaw uas koj xav tau - muab tso rau qhov muag kos npe rau.

Nyob rau hauv lub xeem ce, koj yuav tau sau cia tus suggestion nyob rau hauv 2 kab. Nyob rau hauv thawj - qhov sawv daws yuav uas yog siv nrog b, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - cov neeg tsis tau nws.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias ib qho nyuaj, thiab mos mos tej yam tshwm sim yog "ntsiag to" cov tsiaj ntawv, lawv ua ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Koj muaj peev xwm ua ib tug ntau ntawm yuam kev nyob rau hauv nws sau hais lus, Yog hais tias koj tsis paub tus qauv sau ntawv kevcai uas tswj kev siv ntawm b thiab b tej yam tshwm sim. Feem ntau ntau tshaj ib tug yuav tau kawm tsis yuav tsis meej pem, ib co ntawm cov yam ntxwv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub teeb meem no xyov. Txawm li cas los, nws yog nws muaj nqis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug mos mos kos npe rau, vim nws yog feem ntau xwb nws muaj pab qhia hais tias tus lexical ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus.