Kev tiv thaiv raws li ib tug mob rau kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam lub tsev kawm ntawv

Kev tiv thaiv - ib tug system ntawm kev ntsuas los siv los ntawm lub Xeev thiab pej xeem zej zog cov koom haum los xyuas kom meej guaranteed yam tsawg kawg nkaus txaus nyob tej yam kev mob, lub neej pab txhawb nqa thiab active tib neeg hav zoov.

Lub sij hawm twg, rau tej yam haiv neeg, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib raug zoo kev pab tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Qhov no kev sib raug zoo yog reflected nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov me nyuam, nrog rau lawv cov xam qhovkev tsis muaj kev ywj siab nyob rau hauv lub neej, nyob rau theem ntawm lub cev, kev puas siab ntsws thiab lub neej kev yog yeej ib txwm yuav tsum tau thiab muaj nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm txhua txhua hnub saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg laus. Peb yuav hais tias tus txij nkawm ntawm cov me nyuam, lawv xav tau kev pab, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev ua kev piam sij yog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tsis tsuas yog cov niam cov txiv, tiam sis kuj rau tag nrho cov haiv neeg thiab hauv lub xeev.

Lub universal lub tswvyim ntawm thaum yau yog pom nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev rau nws txhais nyob rau hauv lub ntau yam teb ntawm kev txawj ntse. Qhov no ua rau nws nyuaj rau kom meej meej txhais tau tus kwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv lub preamble mus rau lub "tshaj tawm ntawm Rights ntawm tus me nyuam," ib tug me nyuam txhais tias yog ib tug neeg "lub cev thiab kev puas hlwb kev coj li hluas," yog li ntawd nws tau them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau cov tib neeg nyob rau txhua qib [2]. Tsev Neeg Code ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation tau hais tias "tus me nyuam yog ib tug neeg uas tsis tau ua li cov muaj hnub nyoog ntawm feem ntau, piv txwv li 18 xyoo."

RF Government, xav nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam welfare system, tsim tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj cov kev pab cuam uas muaj tus sis ntawm ob peb ministries (Education, Health, Internal Affairs, thiab lwm tus neeg.). Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv peb view, qhov kev pab cuam rau ib co raws li npog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov me nyuam thiab, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog hais tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub teev pawg. Tom qab tag nrho, yog thaum yau zoo li ntawd tiv thaiv los ntawm lub xeev, lub zej zog, tag nrho cov neeg, yog vim li cas muaj ib qho teeb meem zuj zus lub efficiency ntawm kev tiv thaiv? Obviously, peb yuav tsum tau ib tug hauj lwm ua ke me nyuam tiv thaiv lub moj khaum, uas kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias lub zog ntawm tag nrho cov kev kawm ntawm kev kawm ntawv, los ntawm cov niam txiv thiab xaus nrog lub xeev.

Txhua tus niamtxiv xav tau kev tiv thaiv lawv cov me nyuam los ntawm ib yam ntawm cov kev hem thawj thiab txaus ntshai, qhov no yog to taub. Yog hais tias peb tsiv mus ntxiv cia lub saw, nws yog tsim nyog los them ntau xim rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, vim hais tias qhov no yog qhov twg tus me nyuam kawm, tsim nws tus kheej li ib tug neeg, nws nyob ntawm no tias tus me nyuam ntaub ntawv nws tus kheej txaus siab thiab yog txoj hauj lwm los ntawm uas nws yuav mus ntxiv rau koj tsiv los ntawm lub neej.

Cov kev qhia neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, tag nrho cov neeg nrog txhua lwm yam, pab cov me nyuam kom paub thiab npaj rau cov me nyuam yog cov tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas lawv yuav xav tias nyiam thiab qhib cwm pwm. Ncaj qha kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ub nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv yog tsis tau tsuas yog cov xibfwb qhia ntawv, tab sis kuj social neeg ua hauj lwm, tsev kawm ntawv psychologists, thiab tsis yog tsis muaj yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv peb cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj yog rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv. Tag nrho cov neeg no yog siv ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab cov hau kev ntawm sim los tiv thaiv tus me nyuam los ntawm tau tsis zoo los thiab pab nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev txawj ntse los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm qhov tsis zoo influences ntawm cov kev sib raug ib puag ncig.

kev kawm ntawv cov hom phiaj, cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua si ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv yog yus muaj los ntawm lawv muaj ntau haiv neeg. Lawv txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kev txaus siab, xav tau, xav tau kev pab ntawm cov me nyuam thiab lawv niam lawv txiv, lub tsev kawm ntawv cheeb tsam, haiv neeg, cov tub kawm. Lawv kuj yuav tau pab kom huv si thiab tej cib fim ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws lub luag hauj lwm yog txhais thiab txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov kev paub ntawm collective kev txiav txim, lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm cov pedagogical zog ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv yog cov tseem ceeb feature ntawm kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, uas yog muab lub dag zog ntawm tag nrho cov xib fwb nyob rau qhov teeb meem no, nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev xwb. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam los ntawm cov kev phiv tej yam kuj plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv tswj. Kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ub ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv - ib tug system uas yuav muab tau zoo kev sib raug zoo tej yam kev mob rau lub cev, ntawm sab ntsuj plig, kev ncaj ncees thiab kev txawj ntse tsim, kev loj hlob thiab tau hauj lwm ntawm cov me nyuam, kev tiv thaiv ntawm ua txhaum ntawm lawv tib neeg muaj meej mom, txoj cai thiab kev txaus siab. Siv ntawm xws li ib tug muaj nuj nqi yog npaj cia rau tag nrho cov kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv uas twb muaj lawm tej yam kev mob ntawm lub neej thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Kev ua ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no - ib qho kev ua tsis yog tsuas yog lub artist, tab sis kuj yog ib tug coordinator uas yuav pab cov me nyuam thiab lawv niam lawv txiv tau txais kev them nyiaj yug.

Class xib fwb nqa tawm ib tug txheej ntawm puas siab puas ntsws thiab pedagogical txiav txim, yog li muab tag nrho kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv uas nws tus cwj pwm adaptability rau tej yam. Thaum zoo li no muaj nuj nqi chav kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv tsis tau tsuas yog solves mob luv luv-term teeb meem, nws yuav tsum npaj kom txhij los outstrip cov txheej xwm, coj cov me nyuam los ntawm cov teeb meem thiab teeb meem uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev. Nws yuav tsim nyog mus saib cov kev tiv thaiv kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv lub sab thiab nqaim siab ntawm lo lus. Nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim kev txiav txim zoo, nws yog ib qho kev ua si uas cov tub kawm xib fwb aims ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyuaj. Cov no yog cov me nyuam los ntawm kev loj tsev neeg, me nyuam ntsuag coob, cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus, cov neeg tawg rog thiab lwm cov neeg uas xav tau kev kev tiv thaiv. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub broadest kev txiav txim zoo - yog sotsialnozaschitnaya ua hauj lwm nrog tag nrho cov me nyuam thiab lawv niam lawv txiv nyob rau hauv txawv kev qhia. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus tias tus kwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv, kev sib raug zoo guarantees yog tag nrho cov me nyuam, thiab tsis yog nyob ntawm seb lub keeb kwm ntawm nws, lub welfare ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv. Cov hauj lwm zoo rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv yog cov tiag tiag kev ruaj ntseg ntawm txhua tus neeg tus me nyuam. Lub hom phiaj yog mus phim qhov kev kawm ntawm kev sib raug zoo, lub cev, ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev cai lub neej ntawm tus me nyuam saws los ntawm cov tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub lub neej qauv, kev kawm, kev so. Thiab cov subjective ntsuas characterizing cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm dissatisfaction nrog siab seb kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam lawv tus kheej. Yog li, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm tus me nyuam yog cov tub ntxhais uas nyob ua ub no ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv, txhaws nws nrog cov ntsiab lus.

Ntau ib cov kws txawj siv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam - yog ib tug social worker. Lub homphiaj ntawm kev ua si ntawm lub social xib fwb yog cov me nyuam uas xav tau kev pab rau lawv cov socialization. Cov no yog cov me nyuam uas muaj kev txawj ntse, puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev mob (raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov kev loj hlob tab sis inefficient kev kawm), raws li zoo li cov me nyuam uas muaj lub cev kev loj hlob kev ntshawv siab (qhov muag tsis pom, lag ntseg, mob hlwb thiab lwm tus neeg.) [3].

Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kev sib raug xib fwb kev ua ub no tsim lub tej yam kev mob rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab puas siab puas ntsws kev nplij siab; lub siab ntawm nws xav tau kev pab; los mus kov yeej tus tsis zoo tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg, lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Social tus kws qhia nrog cov niam txiv yog lub koom haum sab nraum lub tsev kawm ntawv lub sij hawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv: tus coj hauv kev qhia neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ua hauj lwm, saib xyuas qhov kev npaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau cov me nyuam tshem tawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, pab kom lawv rov qab mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tuas pab cov txheej xwm, npaaj hnub caiv cov me nyuam mob thiab yog me nyuam ntsuag; ntawm lwm yam uas loj tsev neeg uas tau kev sib raug zoo cov kev pab cuam thiab ntau, thiab kuj yog koom nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, tsis yog kev cai lij choj daim ntawv ntawm kev yaum, tab sis kuj generating kev sib raug zoo ntawm nws tus kheej tiv thaiv.

Tseem ceeb cheeb tsam ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam - muab paaj tej yam kev mob rau nws adaptation mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm nws nyob hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb ntawm thawj-kawm qib thiab yawg, dua John elementary tsev kawm ntawv mus rau nruab nrab theem ntawm txoj kev kawm.

Kev loj hlob ntawm me nyuam kawm preschool tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv, tab sis thaum cov me nyuam tuaj mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, lub tsev kawm ntawv pib qhia rau tag nrho cov tib yuav tsum. Hloov los ntawm cov uas yuav tsum tau ua rau nws tsis yooj yim tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov xib fwb, tab sis kuj complicates lub neej ntawm tus tub ntxhais kawm. Thiab txawm yog hais tias peb tham txog ib tug neeg mus kom ze, nws yog suab tsis tau thiab nws tsis yog vim lub fact tias cov chav kawm ntawv ntau tshaj li 25 tus menyuam kawm ntawv, thiab qhov tseeb hais tias tus txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau tso cia nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam tej zaum yuav tsis kom meej meej thiab tag to taub los ntawm tag nrho cov me nyuam kawm ntawv. Ntawm no thiab pib kawm ntawv nyuaj, muaj kev tsis sib haum ntawm cov me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tshem tawm cov nyom thiab kev muaj yog txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kev puas siab ntsws [1].

Lub tsev kawm ntawv kev puas siab ntsws muaj xiv nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv nws kev ua si aimed ntawm lub preservation ntawm kev puas hlwb thiab kev noj qab nyob zoo ntawm cov menyuam kawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv tsev. Nws yuav ua rau kom cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib tug neeg txoj cai, raws li zoo nws muaj txhawb rau muab kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws qhia yam uas yuav cuam tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam kawm ntawv, kev noj kev ntsuas kom muab puas siab puas ntsws pab rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv, lawv niam lawv txiv, raws li zoo raws li lub pedagogical neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev daws tej teeb meem. Tsim kom muaj puas siab puas ntsws kab lis kev cai ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, Kuv yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab zog ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kev puas siab ntsws. Nws ua hauj lwm muaj xws li kev sib tham ntawm tsev kawm ntawv cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsev, hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm psychology nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv thiab upbringing.

Tej zaum cov me nyuam yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau qhia lawv kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov no thiab muaj ib tug psychologist. Tom qab tag nrho, cov niam txiv ntawm tus me nyuam tej zaum yuav tsuas yuav ntshai qhia rau kuv dab tsi tshwm sim, los yog nws tshwm sim rau nws thiab npaj kev ua si ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kev puas siab ntsws. Public txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv nrog ib tug kev puas siab ntsws yeej muaj zoo tseem ceeb, tab sis nws yog tsis zoo zoo. Nws yog tsim nyog nrog hauv thawj xyoo ntawm ib tug me nyuam txoj kev kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv kev puas siab ntsws soj ntsuam ncaj qha mus ntes tej kev txawv txav uas nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej nws yog next thiab muab txhua yam nyob rau hauv txoj cai coj. Muaj ib tug zoo kawg li kev pab lub tsev kawm ntawv kev puas siab ntsws nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsis sib haum ntawm cov xib fwb, nws nrhiav kev xaus uas twb muaj lawm cov teeb meem, yog li stabilizes qhov teeb meem no nrog cov me nyuam. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kev puas siab ntsws yog ib yam uas tseem ceeb heev rau lub neej ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, li ntawd, nws yuav pab cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov niam txiv kom to taub lawv tus kheej, lawv muaj kev sib raug zoo, thiab ua tau tus yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Cov kev kawm txheej txheem ntawm txhua tus ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv lub luag hauj lwm yog sib npaug ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb. Tag nrho cov txhais tau tias, txoj kev, hom kev kawm thiab yees hais tias lawv siv los pab shape tus me nyuam muaj tus cwj pwm, muaj peev xwm mus nyob ntawm nws tus kheej thiab rau cov ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub. Nws yog yog li ntawd tsim nyog los xav txog cov kev sib raug tiv thaiv ntawm txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv, txhua lub tsev kawm ua hauj lwm. Txhua tug xib fwb nyob rau hauv ib co degree yuav tsum tau muaj cov qualities thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv kev puas siab ntsws thiab kev sib raug zoo cov xib fwb thiab cov chav kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv, thiab yuav tsum cia li ua tau ib tug zoo phooj ywg rau txhua txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Tom qab qhov kev paub ntawm cov kis xib fwb pab tau rau txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv koj lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv Russia niaj hnub no muaj ntau theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam uas tau siv ob qho tib si nyob rau tsoom fwv teb chaws thiab lub regional theem. Nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm cov niam txiv, cov tsev kawm ntawv, lub zej lub zos cov koom haum, lub xeev thiab lwm yam kev kawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam yog ib tug txheej ntawm kev coj uas yuav ua tau kom qhov kev kawm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv peb cov tsev kawm ntawv, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo kev kawm ntawv yog tsis nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv ib co tsev kawm ntawv muaj yog ib tug psychologist, lwm tus muaj ib tug kev sib raug zoo pedagogue, tiam sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv uas tsis tshua muaj mob, muaj ob txoj haujlwm nyob rau tib lub tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ib tug lossis loj kev cog lus ntawm cov xib fwb, uas zoo heev thiaj li muaj cov theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam. Ib txhia kev tiv thaiv zog tua, lwm tus ib feem, thiab ib co tau tsis nco qab lawm. Tab sis peb xav mus coj ib tug hnyav, kev loj hlob, muaj peev xwm mus cuag tshiab heights ntawm cov haiv neeg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau thawj zaug rau theem ntawm tib neeg evolution nws yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv tawm tsam ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej kev, thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj ib qho chaw rau ib tug me nyuam, qhov chaw uas nws tau muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab tag nrho tsim. Nws yog yog li ntawd tsim nyog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsev kawm ntawv siv cov kev pab tiv thaiv lawv, uas muaj xws li cov chav kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv, tsev kawm ntawv kev puas siab ntsws, kev sib raug zoo kws qhia ntawv, uas nrog txhua lwm yam, yuav cuag tej yam tshwm sim.

literatures thiab

1. Y. Vasilkov Txheej txheem thiab kev ntawm lub social xib fwb: Textbook. nyiaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Executive. ped. Proc. tsev. - M.: Academy, 2002.

2. tshaj tawm ntawm Rights ntawm tus me nyuam // Lub thoob ntiaj teb kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kev cai thiab kev ywj siab: Sat. Doc. - M., 1990.

3. Poddubnaya TN Directory ntawm kev pedagogue / TN Poddubnaya. - Rostov n / d nyob rau hauv 2005.