Kev txiav txim ntawm geography. Cov science uas kawm cov geographic ntiaj teb plhaub

Geography - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob sciences nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Txawm txheej thaum ub cov neeg kawm lawv cheeb tsam, los kos rau ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lawv tej qhov tsua thawj txheej thaum ub maps. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, niaj hnub science geography poses ib tug txawv kiag li ua hauj lwm. Twg? Yuav ua li cas nws kawm? Thiab yog dab tsi txhais ib tug yuav muab rau qhov no science?

Kev txiav txim ntawm geography: ntsiab teeb meem thiab muaj teeb meem

Yog hais tias physics qhia "ua li cas", piav txog keeb kwm ntawm lub "thaum" thiab "yog vim li cas", lub geography qhia "nyob qhov twg". Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no yog ib tug heev simplistic saib ntawm cov kev kawm.

Geography - lub science yog heev qub. Lub sij hawm muaj Greek cov hauv paus hniav thiab lus txhais tau tias "zemleopisanie". Thiab nws lub hauv paus raug tso raws nraim nyob rau hauv antiquity. Tus thawj tus paub txog-geographer hu ua Klavdiya Ptolemeya, uas nyob rau hauv lub thib ob xyoo pua luam tawm ib phau ntawv nrog lub bivalent hu ua: "Geography". Ua hauj lwm muaj yim tagnrho.

Cov lwm scholars uas tau ua ntau yam pauv loj tau pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm geography raws li ib tug science, nws yog tsim nyog los faib Mercator, Aleksandra Gumboldta, Carl Ritter, Valtera Kristallera, Vladimir Vernadsky, Vasily Dokuchaev.

Leej thiab niaj hnub ntsiab txhais ntawm geography yog tseem heev ib tug kev sib tw. Raws li ib tug ntawm ob peb txhais, nws yog ib tug system ntawm sciences kawm ntau yam ntawm cov hauj lwm thiab cov qauv ntawm lub thaj hnab ntawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Muaj lwm cov lus txhais ntawm geography los ntawm kev uas no science kawm cov qauv ntawm kis ntawm tej phenomenon rau lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av. Tab sis cov xibfwb VP Budanov sau tias txawm yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm geography yog heev yooj yim mus txhais kom meej, tab sis nws tus kwv yog undoubtedly lub tsa nto nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Geography raws li ib tug science ntawm lub thaj hnab ntawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb

Tsis tau lub ntsiab yam khoom ntawm txoj kev tshawb nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus thaj hnab ntawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Domestic science muab cov nram qab no cov lus txhais ntawm lub sij hawm. Geographic plhaub - yog ib tug holistic thiab tas mus li plhaub ntawm cov ntiaj chaw lub ntiaj teb, uas muaj tsib yam ntxwv xeem:

• lithosphere;
• hydrosphere;
• cua;
• lub biosphere;
• anthroposphere.

Ntxiv mus, lawv yog nyob ze thiab qhov kev sis raug zoo sib substance, zog thiab cov ntaub ntawv.

Segmented plhaub nws muaj nws tsis (thickness - txog 25-27 kilometers), thiab kuj muaj tej yam regularities. Cov no kev ncaj ncees (kev sib haum xeeb yam thiab lug), atherosclerosis (zaus repeatability ntuj phenomena), latitudinal zoning altitude piav.

Tus qauv ntawm geography

Lub txim hluav taws xob ntawm ntuj thiab tib neeg sciences tuab kab dhau los ntawm lub "lub cev" ntawm ib zaug united geography, tawg ib co ntawm nws kev qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li lub dav hlau ntawm scientific kev tshawb nrhiav. Yog li, ib txhia fizikogeograficheskie kev lag luam zoo dua hais txog physics los yog Science News for KIDS tshaj nrog rau cov pejxeem los yog kev khwv nyiaj txiag.

Lub geography ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yuav muab faib ua ob yam loj disciplines.

1. Lub cev.
2. Social thiab nyiaj txiag.

Cov thawj pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li hydrography, climatology, geomorphology, glaciology, av geography thiab lwm tus neeg. Nws tsis yog ib qho nyuaj rau kwv yees li lawv kawm tej yam ntuj tso khoom. Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li nyiaj txiag, geography, pejxeem, nroog cov kev tshawb fawb (Science City), geography thiab lwm tus neeg.

Kev sib txuas lus nrog lwm yam sciences

Yuav ua li cas zoo txuas rau geography thiab lwm yam sciences? Yuav ua li cas qhov chaw nws occupies nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm kev disciplines?

Geography muaj ze ties nrog xws li sciences li kev kawm txog zauv, keeb kwm, physics, Science News for KIDS, economics, ib thiab psychology. Zoo li lwm yam kev qhuab qhia, nws kuj yog txhob kaw muaj feem xyuam rau lub tswv yim thiab logic.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias ib co ntawm cov Interscience ties thiaj li muaj zog hais tias lawv muab sawv mus rau ib tug tshiab thiaj li hu ua tus ntoo khaub lig-tej kev qhuab qhia. Rau cov neeg muaj xws li cov nram qab no:

• kuas (geography + geometry);
• qhov chaw npe (thaj linguistics +);
• keeb kwm geography (geography + keeb kwm);
• Av Science (geography + Science News for KIDS).

Major thaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm science

Raws li coj txawv txawv raws li nws lub suab, tab sis ib tug ntawm cov loj tej teeb meem yog lub thaj ntsiab txhais ntawm geography raws li ib tug science. Ntxiv mus, methodological thiab theoretical li nqa mus nrog cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov teeb meem no, uas twb muaj ib tug lo lus nug, thiab yog hais tias muaj yog xws li ib tug science nyob rau tag nrho?

Nyob rau hauv lub XXI xyoo pua, muaj lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub predictive muaj nuj nqi ntawm geography. Ntau geomodel (kev nyab xeeb, geopolitical, ib puag ncig, thiab lwm yam) yog lub tsev siv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm analytical thiab cov ntaub ntawv.

Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm geography nyob rau tam sim no theem - tsis tsuas mus rau paub txog qhov sib sib zog nqus kev sib txuas ntawm tej yam ntuj tso phenomena thiab kev dab, tab sis kuj kawm tau xav tias yuav. Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ceg ntawm science hnub no yog geourbanistika. Txhua txhua xyoo ib tug zuj zus nroog pej xeem nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov loj tshaj plaws lub zos ntawm cov ntiaj chaw yuav ntsib nrog cov tshiab muaj teeb meem thiab txoj kev sib tw uas yuav tsum tau tam sim ntawd thiab constructive kev daws teeb meem.