Kinematics - Kinematics yog ...: txhais, mis, teeb meem

Yuav ua li cas yog lub kinematics? Qhov no subsection ntawm mechanics uas kawm cov zauv thiab duab txoj kev piav txog cov lus tsa suab ntawm idealized khoom. Lawv yuav mus rau ob peb pawg. Lub npe ntawm lub hnub no tsab xov xwm yuav tsum tau yam uas yog sov ua licas kev cob cog rua nrog lub tswvyim ntawm "kinematics". Peb yuav kam nrog ntau yam teeb meem, tab sis pib nrog rau feem ntau uas tsis yog nyob rau hauv yuav tsum muaj tswv yim thiab kev piav qhia ntawm lawv cov kev siv nyob rau hauv lub teb.

Yuav ua li cas cov khoom yog xam tau tias yog?

Yog hais tias kinematics - yog ib ceg ntawm physics uas kawm cov kev piav qhia txog lub suab ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv txawv-qhov chaw, ces koj yuav tsum mus ua hauj lwm thiab lub cev rau lawv tus kheej, txoj cai? Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sai sai to taub dab tsi yog ceg txheem ntseeg, koj yuav tau nrhiav tsim rau schoolchildren multimedia zaj lus qhia. Kinematics kom to taub nws tsuas, yog tias koj saib nyob rau hauv nws lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv kev nyeem ntawv rau lawv, koj yuav pom tias nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav muaj yog cov ntaub ntawv uas cov physics seem kawm cov kev cai ntawm cov lus tsa suab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas cov ntsiab lus. Daim ntawv ceeb toom yuav ua li cas feem ntau txhais tej khoom. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, cov khoom ntsiab lus yog tsis tsuas xam tau tias yog yam khoom kinematics. Seem no tshuaj xyuas qhov physics hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog thiab tseem txhav lub cev, thiab zoo tagnrho kua. Heev feem ntau, peb cov tswv yim ua ke rau hauv ib tug, hais tias tsuas "idealized khoom." Idealization nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no qhov yuav tsum tau rau imputation thiab tam sim ntawd los ntawm tau systematic uas tsis. Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau lub ntsiab txhais ntawm ib cov ntaub ntawv uas tus taw tes, koj yuav pom hais tias nws hais txog cov nram qab no: lub cev, qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov uas muaj peev xwm yuav saib xyuas nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem no. Qhov no yuav tsum to taub raws li nram no: muab piv nrog qhov kev ncua deb mus ncig lub linear qhov ntev ntawm cov kwv yog negligible.

Uas yog siv los piav qhia?

Raws li hais ua ntej lawm, tus kinematics - qhov no sub-mechanics, uas kawm txoj kev piav txog cov lus tsa suab ntawm ib tug taw tes. Tiam sis yog tias qhov no yog li ntawd, nws txhais tau hais tias nqa tawm xws li kev ua hauj lwm xav tau ib co tswv yim thiab tej ntsiab cai, xws li axiomatic? Yog. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no lawv muaj. Firstly, nyob rau hauv lub kinematics tsa ib txoj cai los daws qhov teeb meem, tsis saib cov rog sawv ib cov ntaub ntawv uas taw tes. Peb txhua tus yeej paub hais tias lub cev yog ceev los yog decelerated nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias ib tug tej yam quab yuam ua rau nws. Thiab kinematics - qhov no yog qhov subsection uas tso cai rau koj khiav lag luam cov acceleration. Txawm li cas los, qhov xwm ntawm tawm powers yog tsis suav tias yog no. Yuav kom piav qhia txog cov lus tsa suab thov zauv tsom xam, cov linear thiab spatial geometry thiab algebra. Tsis tas li ntawd ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm sob thiab tswj lawv tus kheej. Tab sis peb mam li tham txog ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Tus thawj ua hauj lwm rau lub kinematics tau ua los ntawm tus poj tus paub txog Aristotle. Hais tias nws tsim ib co ntawm cov ntsiab cai ntawm no ceg. Thiab txawm txawm lub fact tias nws ua hauj lwm thiab qhov nrhiav muaj ib co erroneous tswvyim thiab kev xav, nws ua hauj lwm yog tseem zoo kawg thiab tus nqi rau cov niaj hnub physics. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Aristotle tom qab kawm Galileo Galilei. Nws tau ua thwmsim nrog nto moo ntxhua pej thuam thaum nais maum kuaj regularities dawb ntog lub cev. Tom qab saib tag nrho cov qhov ntev thiab qhov dav ntawm kev xav thiab Galileo raug mus rau hnyav thuam ntawm Aristotle tus cov lus xaus. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias tus tom kawg sau tias lub hwj chim - nws yog qhov ua rau ntawm cov lus tsa suab, Galileo muaj pov thawj hais tias tus quab yuam yog acceleration ntawm qhov ua rau, tiam sis tsis qhov tseeb hais tias lub cev yuav siv sij hawm thiab yuav pib txav thiab yuav tsiv mus nyob. Raws li Aristotle, lub cev tsuas tau cov kev ceev nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib tug tej yam quab yuam. Tiam sis peb paub hais tias qhov no saib yog yuam kev, vim hais tias muaj yog ib tug niaj hnub linear tsab ntawv tsa suab. Qhov no ib zaug dua qhia tau cov mis kinematics. Thiab peb tsiv mus nyob rau tom ntej no lo lus nug.

Kinematics. Physics. tswv yim

Nyob rau hauv seem no muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm yuav tsum muaj hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab txhais cov ntsiab. Peb pib nrog lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav.

cov neeg kho tshuab zog

Tej zaum, nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, peb tseem tabtom mus pw lub tswv yim dab tsi yuav pom tau tias ib tug cov neeg kho tshuab cov lus tsa suab. Peb twb confronted rau ib tug txhua txhua hnub, txhua txhua teev, txhua txhua ob. Neeg kho tshuab zog, peb xav tias ib tug txheej txheem uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm, uas yog cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib lub cev. Nws yog heev feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm Relativity, uas yog hais tias txoj hauj lwm ntawm, hais tias, cov thawj lub cev tau hloov nrog hwm rau qhov thib ob txoj hauj lwm. Wb xav txog tej yam uas nyob rau hauv lub starting kab peb yog ob lub tsheb. Co neeg teb xov tooj los yog zes teeb - cov cav tov thiab dart. Thaum pib ntawm ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm lawm. Thiab koj muaj peev xwm tham txog nws ntev thiab tsho: txheeb ze rau nws cov competitors, txheeb ze rau lub caij pib kab, ib tug kuj taag tuav. Tab sis tej zaum lub tswv yim yog ib qhov tseeb. Ib yam yuav hais txog ob tug neeg uas yog tog twg los nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev coj los yog nyob rau hauv sib txawv. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv tus txheeb ze mus rau lwm yam txawv nyob rau hauv txhua lub sij hawm point.

siv system

Kinematics, physics - tag nrho cov sciences siv xws li ib tug yuav tsum muaj tswvyim li cov reference system. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws muaj ib tug heev ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim muaj teeb meem txhua txhia qhov chaw. tau ob yam tseem ceeb Cheebtsam yuav tsum txuas mus rau lub system ntawm reference.

Lub daim phiaj coordinates

Cov yav tas yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib co ntawm cov xov tooj thiab cov tsiaj ntawv. Siv lub ntsiab txhais ntawm cov zajlus kom chav nyob, peb yuav tsim ib tug ib-seem los yog two-dimensional daim phiaj, uas yuav cia peb daws yooj yim teeb meem los ntawm kev hloov rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas taw tes rau ib tug muab lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Feem ntau siv rau hauv kev xyaum ib ob-dimensional daim phiaj uas axes X ( "X") thiab Y ( "y"). Nyob rau hauv peb-dimensional qhov chaw ntxiv rau lub Z axis ( "ERT") thiab muaj tsuas yog ib tug ib tug-dimensional coordinates X. Feem ntau ua hauj lwm artillery thiab reconnaissance. Thiab cov thawj lub sij hawm peb raug lawv nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thaum peb pib kos ib teev ntev. Tom qab kawm tiav muaj tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis kev siv ntawm coordinates yuav qhia tau qhov pib thiab qhov kawg.

Kinematics Qib 10. nqi

Basic qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav siv los daws cov teeb meem ntawm kinematics ntawm ib tug taw tes - qhov kev ncua deb, lub sij hawm, ceev thiab acceleration. Cia tus tham txog lub xeem ob nyob rau hauv kom meej. Ob yam no tseem ceeb - vector. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lawv muaj tsis tsuas yog tus zauv zaub, tab sis kuj yog ib tug tej yam predetermined kev taw qhia. zog ntawm lub cev yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv uas tus tshaj tawm vector yog qhia. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab cov acceleration vector, yog hais tias peb muaj ib rooj plaub ntawm sis tsis ncaj zog. Acceleration yuav tau raws kev coj nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev coj los yog cov lus rov. Yog hais tias lawv muaj tib txoj kev coj, lub cev pib txav ceev thiab sai. Yog hais tias qhov sib txawv cov lus qhia, cov slowdown yuav tshwm sim rau tus kwv kom txog rau thaum nws nres. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub acceleration lub cev opposite kom tau ceev, i.e. yuav tsiv mus nyob rau kev coj rov qab. Tag nrho cov no yog nyob rau hauv kev xyaum heev, heev kom meej meej qhia cov kinematics. 10 chav kawm ntawv - qhov no yog lub sij hawm thaum lub physics seem qhia txaus.

mis

Formula kinematics yog yooj yim txaus rau cov zis, thiab kom nco ntsoov. Piv txwv li, cov mis traversed rau ib lub sij hawm los yog lwm yam twj paj nruas deb muaj cov nram qab daim ntawv: S = VoT + ntawm ^ 2/2. Raws li peb tau pom, nyob rau sab laug peb muaj yog cia li tib yam deb. Nyob rau sab xis koj yuav nrhiav tau cov thawj tshaj tawm, thiab acceleration lub sij hawm. "Plus" kos npe rau sawv xwb conditionally, raws li acceleration yuav coj ib tug tsis zoo scalar nqi thaum lub sij hawm braking txheej txheem kwv. Ua tau, lub kinematics zog implies lub hav zoov ntawm ib hom kev ceev, peb yeej ib txwm hais tias "thawj zaug", "kawg", "instant". Instantaneous ceev tshwm thaum lub sij hawm. Tab sis, yog hais tias koj xav li ntawd, ces qhov kawg los yog thawj zaug Cheebtsam yog tsis muaj dab tsi lwm tus tab sis nws ib nrab ces, txoj cai? Lub ntsiab lus ntawm "Kinematics" yog tej zaum tus nyiam cov schoolchildren, vim hais tias nws yog ib qho yooj yim thiab nthuav.

piv txwv ntawm kev pab raws qib

Nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj kinematics, muaj tag nrho pawg ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev pab raws qib. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev cob cog rua nrog lub suab ntawm ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas taw tes. Piv txwv li, ib co yuav tsum tau koj los mus txiav txim qhov kev ncua deb mus ncig los ntawm lub cev thaum lub sij hawm. Qhov no tej zaum yuav paub tsis xws li thawj zaug kev tshaj tawm thiab acceleration. Thiab tej zaum, ua ntej tus menyuam kawm ntawv tau teem ua hauj lwm, uas yog cia li tib yam yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau mus qhia thiab xam cov acceleration ntawm lub cev. Cia peb xav txog ib qho piv txwv. Lub tsheb pib los ntawm ib tug zoo li qub txoj hauj lwm. Txoj kev nws yuav muaj lub sij hawm mus rau 5 vib nas this, yog hais tias tus acceleration yog sib npaug zos rau peb meters, muab faib los ntawm cov square ob?

Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no peb yuav tsum tau ib tug qauv S = VoT + ntawm ^ 2/2. Nyob rau hauv nws, peb tsuas hloov uas twb muaj lawm cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no acceleration thiab lub sij hawm. Nco ntsoov tias lub sij hawm Vot mus rau zero, txij li thaum thawj zaug tshaj tawm yog pes tsawg. Yog li, peb tau txais ib tug hais txog zauv teb ntawm 75 meters. Uas yog tag nrho, qhov teeb meem yog solved.

tau

Yog li, peb to taub lub ntsiab cai thiab txhais cov ntsiab, muab ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub mis thiab tham txog lub keeb kwm ntawm no subsection. Kinematics, lub tswvyim uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub xya qib ntawm physics zaj lus qhia, lossi kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv lub relativistic (non-classical) seem.