Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow. Zog ntawm Guj kuj, Moscow, Kremlin

Tus thawj pom pov thawj ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Kremlin lub ancient qhov chaw muaj ib tug muaj hnub nyoog ntawm ob mus rau peb txhiab xyoo. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov tseeb cov lus teb rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm leej twg los ua lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow, muaj yog, raws li cov kev siv ntawm cov thawj stockade rho rov qab mus rau lub hnub thaum Borovitsky Hill yog ib tug kev sib hais haum Dyakov hom. Qhov ncaj kev siv ntawm chaw pib nrog ib tug kev txiav txim Yuriya Dolgorukova rau lub erection ntawm phab ntsa nyob rau hauv 1156.

Olympus Lavxias teb sab xeev - Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow

Chiv, cov phab ntsa hauv lub tsev raug ua los ntawm cov ntoo, thiab tsuas yog nrog lub advent ntawm Dmitry Donskoy capital mas yuav kis tau nws nto moo lub npe menyuam yaus - dawb pob zeb. Cov phab ntsa tau hloov los ntawm cov pob zeb, ua los ntawm lub zos limestone. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Ivan III caw Italian architects, uas pib rau lub tshiab kev tsim kho (1475-1479 gg.) - tsom xam ntawm lub dawb phab ntsa zeb thiab cov kev siv nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw ntawm ib tug cib. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav khaws cia ruaj ntseg nws to taub nyob rau hauv ib feem mus rau lub ceev ceev hloov ntawm ib tug tshiab ib. Siv cov kev faib ntawd kub ntev li rau kaum ntev xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv nrog cov Modernization ntawm cov phab ntsa tau ua Assumption Cathedral.

Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812, lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow twb hnyav ncawv puas thiab looted. Nws muab nws ze li ntawm plaub xyoos kom functioning nws yav tas los zoo li. Saum toj no cov ua hauj lwm dozens ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev siv ntawm loj kev puas tsuaj tau inflicted nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm ib tug armed uprising nyob rau hauv 1917, thaum lub sij hawm uas lub Kremlin twb mercilessly shelled los ntawm artillery.

qhov chaw

Lub Moscow Kremlin yog lub ntsiab socio-thoj, artistic thiab keeb kwm complex ntawm Lavxias teb sab capital, yog cias yuam ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub nroog. Qhov no yuav tau piav los ntawm ob ces kaum:

• Zoo nkauj xaav lug ua qhov chaw ntawm lub capital - lub ntsiab lub cev tswj xeeb los ntawm lub ntsiab ncees, thiab lwm yam ...
• Xav lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow raws li ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau ancient khoom, nws yog tsim nyog los pav leeg yog qhov chaw. Cov fortress twb situated thiab nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob tug txuas dej ntws, tawm hauv tej zaum invaders txoj cai mus tua los ntawm ib sab xwb, uas muaj ib tug zoo ntxim rau cov kws muaj txuj ci Hmoob cov thawj coj tus kwv lub xeev.

Lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow yog nyob rau ntawm ib lub toj Borovitsky - nyob rau sab laug txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Moscow River. Nyob rau hauv nws architectural tsim qauv yog ib qho lus daim duab peb sab (yuav tsum tau ntau leej, nws yog ib tug quadrilateral nrog ib tug Notched ces kaum).

Lub era ntawm lub Soviet Union

Nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev uas lub Kremlin hloov, thaum lub Soviet tsoom fwv faiv fab nws nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Txij li thaum 1918, Moscow dua los ua tus nom tswv chaw ntawm tag nrho cov xeev. Nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj ntawm lub tib lub xyoo lub Soviet tsoom fwv tau tsiv mus rau lub Kremlin. Nkag "tswv yim" nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los muaj koob muaj npe palace tau tshwm sim los ib nthwv dej ntawm indignation ntawm zoo tib yam cov pej xeem, tiam sis nws sai sai suppressed. Lub tsev los ua ib tug txwv tsis pub cheeb tsam, zoo tib yam cov pej xeem muaj coob tus tau free nkag mus rau hauv nws lub teb chaws. Historians tau tsim muaj uas nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov xyoo ntawm Soviet kav lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow li ib tug architectural khaub ncaws ntau twb ho puas - ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov pre-uas twb muaj lawm vaj tse thiab monuments tau demolished.

Ib qho ntawm feem zoo-paub transformations nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm yog cov kev hloov ntawm ob npaug rau-taws eagles, muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus mus txawv tebchaws yees, lub hnub qub ntawm Ural semiprecious pob zeb, uas tom qab hloov los ntawm ruby.

Kremlin yees

Moscow Kremlin yees nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov nees nkaum daim, txhua tus uas ua tau nyob rau hauv txawv xyoo thiab muaj ib tug ntev thiab cim npe. Cov nram qab no plaub lub ntsiab ntauwd yog: Beklemishevskaya, Vodovzvodnaya, Kaum Arsenal (nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm ib tug daim duab peb sab, tsuas hais ntawm yeej tus ntoo khaub lig seem, cov seem kaum xya muaj ib tug square) thiab Spassky - nto moo tshaj plaws vim hais tias ntawm nws tsim teev. Tsib yees adorn lub mysterious ruby hnub qub: lub Spassky (Frolovskaya), St. Nicholas, Trinity, Borovitskaya (Baptist) thiab Vodovzvodnaya.

Lub qis tshaj yog lub Imperial Ntauwd, ua nyob rau hauv 1680, thiab lub siab tshaj plaws - Trinity (79.3 meters), Nicholas (70.4 meters) thiab tus Cawm Seej (71 m.) Tag nrho cov yees, mas vim qhov kev siv nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm (lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XVII century), lub tsev nyob rau hauv tib lub architectural style. Kaj chaw yog lub Nikolskaya Ntauwd, pab nyob rau hauv lub pseudo-Gothic style.

Ua hauj lwm txawv teb chaws masters

Kremlin phab ntsa tau ua nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1485-1516 xyoo ntawm Italian architects. Lawv sawv cev rau ib tug scalene daim duab peb sab nrog ib tug tag nrho ntev ntawm 2235 meters, ib qhov siab thiab ib tug dav ntawm 5-19 m thiab 3.5-6.5 meters feem. Lub sab saum toj ntawm cov phab ntsa dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov hniav, muaj ib tug tag nrho ntawm 1045 (raws li cov Lombard kev lig kev cai, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug muab nqos tus Tsov tus tw). Feem ntau cov muaj loopholes nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov slots. Lawv ua embrasures, sab thiab overlapped. Tus sab nrauv phab ntsa muaj ib tug tus zoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog niches nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov arches. Qhov no architectural tshuaj yog tsim los tsis tau tsuas yog los pab txhawb, tab sis kuj yuav ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv. Zoo li muaj ntau lub tsev ntawm cov sij hawm, cov Kremlin phab ntsa khaws cia ib tug ntau ntawm cov nkaum qhov chaw thiab tsis pub leejtwg paub no, tso cai rau koj mus rau tawm hauv strengthening yog tias tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los, kev txiav ntawm cov phab ntsa rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj los rau Liab Square, tam sim no ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug columbarium. Nws khaws cia rau hauv lub urn mas nuj nqis ntawm lub Soviet lub sij hawm. Tam sim no seb puas tsimnyog tau rau lo lus nug ntawm qhov qee ntawm lwm qhov chaw mus rau lub columbarium.

Cov Kremlin thiab nws cov Cheebtsam

Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev txaus siab los yog hauv lub nroog ntawm Moscow, lub Kremlin yog lub ntsiab attraction ntawm lub capital. Nws yog nto moo rau ntau yam architectural tsim yaam tshab. Nkag mus rau nws lub teb chaws, ntawm chav kawm, them nyiaj, raws li zoo raws li excursions, tab sis yog dab tsi yog nyiaj piv rau centuries ntawm keeb kwm, kev cawmdim thiab muab tso rau hauv tib lub complex?

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav yog cov Orthodox churches:

• Cathedral ntawm tus Assumption.
• Cathedral ntawm tus Annunciation.
• Patriarch lub Palace thiab lub Cathedral ntawm Kaum Ob tug Thwj.
• Upper Cawm Seej Cathedral.
• Thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Cathedral, thiab hais txog. D.

Thaum lub sij hawm ncig saib, ntawm chav kawm, muaj ib tug lub siab xav mus ua lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow yees duab. Nws yuav tsum embody ob saum toj no cov phab ntsa thiab yees, li zoo li skilful palace vaj tse - qhov no Grand Kremlin Palace thiab lub Palace ntawm seb, thiab cov kev lom zem Palace.

Heev ntawm nthuav cov chaw ua kom paub xws Siv tej zaum yuav ua, raws li lub xeev Kremlin Palace, yav tas los hu li lub Palace ntawm congresses, lub Armory Chamber, Senate Palace thiab lwm tus neeg.

Ib qho ntawm feem coj sights ntawm lub Kremlin pib, ntawm chav kawm, lub Tsar Cannon thiab Tsar Tswb, cam khwb nyob rau hauv 1586 thiab 1733-1735 xyoo. ntsig txog.

Sightseeing Moscow - lub Kremlin thiab nws puas

Xa mus rau cov tsev khaws puav pheej, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Kremlin, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis los tham txog pob zeb Diamond Fund - ib lub teb chaws lub loj tshaj plaws hniav nyiaj hniav kub collections. Ib tug tseem ceeb cim ntawm lub qub imperial hwj chim yog tus huab tais lub regalia - orb, scepter thiab yas. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav photo- thiab video kev ruaj ntseg hauv no txwv tsis pub. Muaj kuj nyob xya historic lub pob zeb, nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm uas yog cov nram qab no: pob zeb diamond, "Eagles" thiab "Shah". Cov yav tas, raws li peb paub, tau qhia rau cov Lavxias teb sab huab tais Nicholas kuv, lub Shah ntawm Persia nrog ib tug saib kom ua rau cov loj hlob rau tej teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov tragic kev tuag ntawm ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab paj huam thiab playwright AS Griboyedov nyob rau hauv lub nres rau ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Embassy nyob rau hauv Tehran nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1829.

Cov feem ntau tag keeb kwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev yog illuminated nyob rau Armory. Qhov no ob-zaj dabneeg tsev, tsa los ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse K. Tuj. Nws muaj tag nrho cov zwm txwv uas tau zaum nyob rau hauv txawv xyoo, lub Lavxias teb sab autocrat. Muaj koj ua tim khawv tus naas ej sau ntawm Faberge qe, thiab cov saber ntawm Minin thiab Pozharsky, cov nyiaj chalice Yuriya Dolgorukogo, thiab hais txog. D.

Tus tam sim no qhov teeb meem ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow tsis tau poob nws xov thiab nyob rau hauv peb hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm no, yuav tsum tau pes tsawg - vim xyoo 1991 los lawm, lub Kremlin yog tus nom nyob ntawm tus Lavxias teb sab President. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau qhov no qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv lub nineties unthinkable restoration tej hauj lwm tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws. Underwent restoration attractions xws li cov Palace ntawm seb, Alexander thiab Andrew Hall ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Kremlin Palace, lub Senate thiab lub tsev thiab lwm yam

Yuav luag txhua xyoo xim ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub Kremlin, kom lawv tsis txhob poob lawv cov presentable thiab spectacular saib.

uas twb muaj lawm cov koom haum

Uas cov koom haum nyob rau hauv lub chaw nyob nto moo "Russia, Moscow, lub Kremlin?" Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qho chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv lub Senate Palace. On thib ob feem ntau tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, lub tsev hauv paus ntawm uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Annunciation, lub thawj tubtxib saum ntuj thiab tus Uspenski Cathedral. Tsawg ib qho tseem ceeb lub koom haum, nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin, yog FSO - Tsoom fwv teb chaws kev pab - tib yam kev pab cuam, uas yog entrusted nrog ib qho tseem ceeb lub hom phiaj - kev tiv thaiv ntawm senior Lavxias teb sab ua hauj lwm.

Ib qho ntawm feem nthuav rau tourists yog cov tsev khaws puav pheej-zeem cia rau hauv lub npe "Moscow Kremlin", ob peb tivthaiv qhov chaw uas tau piav saum toj no. Nws twb nrhiav tau rov qab nyob rau hauv 1806 thiab tseem yog ib tug ntawm cov losis tswvyim dabtsi chaw rau kev soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv Moscow.