Lavxias teb sab kws kes duab vajtse A. D. Zaharov: biography thiab tej hauj lwm

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, lub xyoo ntawm nws lub neej mus rau tsim ntawm St. Petersburg duab, yog paub nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no raws li tus sau ntawm lub Admiralty lub tsev. Nws tseem ceeb rau lub Lavxias teb sab architecture tsis tau overestimated, nws txhais tau hais tias cov kev coj ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws architecture rau ib ntev lub sij hawm.

thaum yau

AD Zakharov, kws kes duab vajtse, yug yim hli ntuj 8, 1761 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm Admiralty ua hauj lwm, cov thawj ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. Nws txiv - Dmitry Ivanovich Zakharov -To tau txais ib tug heev coj tus cov nyiaj hli, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm mus tsa ob tug tub, uas constituted cov kev txaus siab ntawm cov Fatherland. Lub eldest tus tub - Yakov Dmitrievich Zaharov - los ua ib tug academician, xib fwb ntawm Science News for KIDS thiab mechanics. Junior - Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov - los ua ib tug zoo heev kws kes duab vajtse. Los ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog kuv txiv raug coj mus nyob rau hauv lub tub ntawm kev mob siab thiab kev xav paub. Nws ua tib zoo saib cov me nyuam muaj peev xwm thiab muaj peev xwm mus saib lawv tej txuj ci. Andreyan li thaum ntxov raws li 6 xyoo nws raug xa mus lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau Academy ntawm Fine Arts. Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv, nws tsis ntev yuav ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov tub ntxhais kawm. Tus tub tau txais nws cov thawj puav pheej rau kev kawm tau ntawv nyob rau hauv ob xyoos - phau ntawv.

Nrhiav vocations

Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm tsev kawm qib siab, A. D. Zaharov nkag mus rau hauv architectural hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm lub Academy of Arts. tus tub hluas no muaj peev xwm los pab nws kom sai cuag kev kawm nyob rau hauv kev qhia ntawv ntxiv, cov xib fwb muab sau nws spatial tsis pom kev. Nws kawm nrog zoo masters: AF Kokorinov, ym Felten, IE Starova. Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov achieves tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub architectural khoom siv tes ua thiab nyob rau hauv 1782 brilliantly kawm tiav los ntawm lub Academy. Nws khoom "14 ntxias ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv" thiab muab medals.

Ib tug ci ntsa iab me nyuam kawm ntawv

Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb Andreyan Zakharov sau ib tug tag nrho teev ntawm medals ntawm lub Academy. Ib tug ntawm cov debut tej hauj lwm ntawm lub vajtse ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej - peb tes num "lub tsev" - tau txais ib tug me me nyiaj puav pheej ntawm lub Academy. Qhov no yog lub siab tshaj plaws puav pheej rau cov kawm plaub xyoos. Nyob rau hauv 1780, nws muab tsub ib tug loj nyiaj puav pheej twb, thiab nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm txoj kev kawm - ib tug kub puav pheej rau "Fokzala" peb tes num ( "tsev lom ze") thiab ib qho chaw twg rau Paris "rau cov nrhiav tau ntawm ntxiv kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub architecture." Thaum lub sij hawm no, A. D. Zaharov fascinated los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm classicism, thov kom embody tshiab ideals nyob rau hauv cov khoom.

Nyob rau hauv 1782 Andreyan nrog peb cov khub me nyuam kawm ntawv tuaj mus rau Paris. Ntawm no lawv pib mus kawm cov chav kawm ntawv tag nrho-scale duab. Zakharov kawm tau los ntawm ua Fabkis kes duab vajtse JF Chalgrin, thiab tseem los ntawm K. LeDoux feem ntau hnyav kes duab vajtse ntawm Paris, monumental thiab haib zoo tagnrho rau tej yam yooj yim tej yaam num uas fascinates tus menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm Russia. Chalgrin, sau ntawm tus naas ej Arc tsib triomphe nyob rau hauv Paris, yog tus brightest neeg sawv cev ntawm Fabkis classicism, innovator thiab zoo tshaj plaws kes duab vajtse, nws lub tswv yim organically tsim nyob rau npaj av nyob rau hauv lub Academy ntawm views A. Zakharov. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws tsim nyob rau nws aesthetic tswvyim thiab zus tus sau txoj kev, uas twb tsis tau mus txhais ua cov nroj tsuag.

Tus thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv lub profession

Nyob rau hauv 1786 A. D. Zaharov rov qab los rau Russia, tag nrho ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab kev cia siab rau lub neej yav tom ntej. Qhia tawm koj cov kev txawj nyob rau hauv peb tes num nws twb entrusted lub Academy of Arts tsev xov kov, nws yog tsim nyog rau ob peb lub xyoo los tswj lub kho, hloov thiab kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev, qhov no uncreative thiab onerous ua hauj lwm yog tiring kws kes duab vajtse. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1790 nws muaj peev xwm xa tus neeg mob los txhim kho lub Academy ntawm lwm kes duab vajtse. Zakharov ua me me kev txiav txim, xws li lub tsev kawm ntawv Lyubuchi zos project. Tus thawj notable ua hauj lwm ntawm lub vajtse zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv 1791, qhov no neeg pej xeem nrog kho kom zoo nkauj rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub xaus ntawm kev kaj siab nrog qaib ntxhw. Nyob rau hauv qhov project no, Zakharov muaj pov thawj nws tus kheej tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib tug high-chav kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb, tab sis raws li ib tug patriot. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm nws embodied lub tswv yim ntawm Russia lub greatness thiab lawv txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub feat ntawm Suvorov ntawm lub capture ntawm Ishmael.

Educational kev ua si

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, uas nws biography yog zoo kev cob cog rua nrog St. Petersburg, tam sim ntawd rau nws rov qab mus rau nws teb koj chaw los txog tsev Academy nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv 1787, nws enlisted nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm associate xib fwb, nyob rau hauv 1792 nws defended peb tes num thiab los ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm lub Academy. Nws qhia cov hauj lwm Zakharov tsis tawm txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub neej. Nws yog ib tug txawj ntse kws qhia ntawv, ntau lub xyoo, nws muaj peev xwm ua ib tug zoo ua hauj lwm, thiab tso ib tug ntau ntawm deserving menyuam kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv nws hais kom ua hauj lwm IB Voronikhin, nws cov thwj tim yog ib qho zoo heev Lavxias teb sab kws kes duab vajtse A. Melnikov.

kws kes duab vajtse Gatchina

Nyob rau hauv 1799 Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, tej hauj lwm thiab tej yaam num uas twb pom lub feem ntau senior kev tswj ntawm lub teb chaws. Paul kuv tau tsa nws thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm Gatchina, cov lus ncej ntawm xibfwb hauv lub Academy. Ntawm no nws tsim ob peb yaam num ntawm cov vaj tse cov lug. Nws xub pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv peb tes num ntawm lub monastery, tab sis Paul tuag yog tsis tau tso cai rau muab tso rau hauv peb tes num. Nws xav coj Zakharov Novgorod thiab Pskov kev lig kev cai ntawm lub tuam tsev architecture. Nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj, tsa nyob rau hauv Gatchina Lutheran Church, mus hnub no tsis tau fwm. Nws kuj tsim ob choj: Humpback thiab tsov, muaj peev xwm tag ob pavilions: "Birdman" thiab "Ua liaj ua teb." Tus thawj ua tau, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub thib ob kev tuag ntawm Paul nres.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Zakharov yuav siv sij hawm yog ib feem nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm scientific ua hauj lwm "Cov Lavxias teb sab architecture" uas muab nws lub sij hawm mus xav txog nyob rau hauv kom meej qhov nta ntawm lub teb chaws kev cai thiab mus ncig teb chaws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nws tau penetrated heev mus rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias teb sab architecture, pom tau hais cov tseem thiab lub zog ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab toj roob hauv pes, thiab yog npaj txhij rau lub creation ntawm loj-scale tej yaam num.

Ua hauj lwm rau lub tsos ntawm Vasilyevsky Island

A. D. Zaharov tsim nws txawj, nws combines cov feemxyuam kws kes duab vajtse thiab ib qho zoo heev xyaum-builder. Nws raug caw mus rau ib qho kws muaj txuj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov yam ntawm cov loj tej yaam num nqa tawm nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Yog li ntawd nws yuav ua rau ib tug tseem ceeb pab rau lub creation ntawm peb tes num ntawm lub Exchange. Nyob rau hauv 1804, lub kes duab vajtse tsim peb tes num ntawm lub tsev cov embankment Vasilevsky Island nrog lub restructuring ntawm lub Academy of Arts. Nws xav kom cov kws kes duab vajtse rau embody qhov zoo tshaj plaws sawv ntawm Fabkis architecture nrog arches thiab colonnades. Peb tes num yog ib menyuam los ntawm cov kws txawj thiab lug txhawb cov miv, tab sis nws twb tsis tau mus nqa tawm rau lub hom phiaj, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab circuits tsis tau fwm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm D. Andreyan ua hauj lwm rau ib lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev ntawm cov Nizhny Novgorod Fair, tsim ib qhov project foundry rau lub Academy of Arts.

Ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub neej - Admiralty

A. D. Zaharov, Lavxias teb sab kws kes duab vajtse, uas mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li tus creator ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws vaj tse ntawm Saint Petersburg - Admiralty. Nyob rau hauv 1805 nws tau raug tsa thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub Admiralty department, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog enormous thiab yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov vaj tse. Zakharov tau tsim muaj ntau yam tej yaam num, tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm lawv tau siv, ib co ntawm cov vaj tse muaj tsis tau fwm, tab sis lub Scope ntawm kev ua hauj lwm yog impressive. Nws tsim ntau lub zos ntawm Russia: Kronshtadt, Saint-Petersburg, Kherson, Revel, Arkhangelsk, yuav ua hauj lwm heev npaum li cas. Zakharov yog ua zoo heev rau txhua project thiab tsis tshuav tsis muaj kev hloov kho, tej zaum yam pauv loj heev, tsis muaj ib lub tsev, los ntawm lub chav me me vaj tse rau lub tsev ntawm lub Admiralty nyob rau hauv Arkhangelsk thiab Astrakhan. Cov projects tej txuj ci ntawm Zakharov-nroog npaj, nws txhais tau hais tias cov duab ntawm lub embankments ntawm ntau Lavxias teb sab lub zos. Qhov loj tshaj tej yaam num yog cov Dub hiav txwv lub tsev kho mob nyob rau hauv vaj tse Kherson, Nikolaev Cadet Corps, lub cable Hoobkas project nyob rau hauv Arkhangelsk.

Tseem, lub ntsiab ua lag ua luam ntawm lub neej Zakharov yog tus project ntawm lub tsev loj ntawm lub St. Petersburg Admiralty. Nws tsim ib tug spectacular, loj-scale kev tsim kho, qhov ntev ntawm nws facade yog 400 meters. Lub atherosclerosis thiab lub teeb ntawm lub façade adorned nrog sculptures thiab zoo grand parade. Ib tug pej thuam nrog tus kub tse thiab kub nkoj teev ntsug, uas tau ua ib tug tseem ceeb feature ntawm lub nroog toj roob hauv pes. Lub tsev yog lub pinnacle ntawm creativity Zakharova, nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm tag nrho cov zoo meej: los ntawm lub majestic thought-tawm functionality mus txog rau thiab harmonious tsos.

kws kes duab vajtse ua hauj lwm

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, cov duab ntawm cov vaj tse uas adorn tag nrho cov phau ntawv rau Lavxias teb sab architecture, tsim ib tug ntau ntawm tej yaam num ntawm tag nrho cov ntau thiab tsawg pab nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos hauv lub teb chaws. Qhov tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm yog:

• Andreya Pervozvannogo lub Cathedral nyob rau hauv Kronstadt;
• txoj kev loj hlob txoj kev npaj "muab cov kob" nyob rau hauv lub Admiralty St. Petersburg;
• Cathedral ntawm St. Catherine nyob rau hauv Ekaterinoslav;
• Tubrog nkoj tsev kho mob nyob rau hauv lub Vyborg koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm St. Petersburg;
• Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral nyob rau hauv Izhevsk;
• redevelopment ntawm lub ntsiab caj ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm St. Petersburg.

Muaj ntau lug Zakharova tsis dim, tab sis nws txojsia yog menyuam los ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv.

tus kheej

Kws kes duab vajtse Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov dlhau nws lub neej mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm nws hlub. Nws qhia hais tias, ua hauj lwm rau peb tes num, thiab tus kheej kev zoo siab tsis tau muaj sij hawm los npaj. Leisure lub sij hawm nws mob siab rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm phau ntawv nyob rau mechanics, kos duab, technology, kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv ntoo. Zakharov raug kev txom nyem lub plawv tuaj, tab sis ho tsis muab tej tseem ceeb rau qhov no. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1811 nws poob tiag mob thiab tuag nyob rau 8 Cuaj hlis. Academy of Arts tau qhia no: kev tu siab tshaj nws untimely lawm. Tu siab, lub zoo vajtse thiab twb tsis muaj sij hawm mus saib cov kawm tiav ntawm tej yam ntawm nws loj tej yaam num, muaj ntau yam ntawm nws tej hauj lwm ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm thiab tsis tau siv.