Lavxias teb sab stratigraphic scale. International stratigraphic scale

Nyob rau hauv chronostratigraphic kev faib ntawm ib lub hom phiaj. Nws yog ib lub systematic dismemberment ntawm ib theem zuj zus ntawm khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov ntiaj chaw nyob rau hauv chav tsev. Lawv muaj lawv tus kheej npe, uas sib tau Team sib ntawm geologic lub sij hawm. Cov ntawv yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv ntau yam geochronological thiab stratigraphic scale. Lawv yog cov tsis tsuas lub sij hawm raws li kev sib raug zoo. Stratigraphic, geochronological scale - nws txais cov qauv. Lawv yog siv rau cov logging ntawm geological txheej xwm.

International stratigraphic scale

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm no system yog ib qho tseem ceeb foundations nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej. Nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm stratigraphy. Txoj kev tau txais cov lus qhia txog lub geological keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab tau qhib siv ib tug planetary teev. ILS yog ib qho tseem ceeb, uas muaj peev xwm yuav daws tau ntau yam geological teeb meem. Qhov no tsis muaj system nws yuav tsis yooj yim sua kom tsim ntau lub ntiaj teb no maps thiab piav txog tej yam loj loj, xws li tectonic, geological, paleogeographic, paleoclimatic, paleolandscape thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

terminology

Lub tswvyim ntawm "kev stratigraphic scale" twb pom nyob rau hauv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab chaw feem ntau. Nyob rau hauv nws cov ntsiab lus yog to taub lub universal xwm ntawm lub system thiab lub ntiaj teb no uas duav txhua yam ntawm nws daim ntawv thov. Stratigraphic scale yog ib tug ib theem zuj zus taxonomic units. Qhov no system tej zaum yuav ntshai raws li ib tug siv tsis geological lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm uas sedimentary ntiaj teb sheath twb tsim. Nws nruab nrab yog qhov zoo tagnrho teb seem ntawm lub ntiaj teb lithosphere tsis muaj ntau yam overlaps thiab khoob.

kheej ntawm daim ntawv thov

Lub system yog dav siv raws li tus koob qhia hais tias rau ib tug neeg geological Team sib. Nws kuj yog siv los mus txiav txim kev sib raug ntawm tej Team sib lithosphere. Nyob rau hauv no set ntawm ib tug los yog raznovozvratnost. Tag nrho cov saum toj no hais ua thoob ntiaj teb stratigraphic scale lub hauv paus rau yog nqus tau cov chronology ntawm cov txheej xwm. Qhov no ntsuas yog lub hauv paus qauv rov qab los ntawm geological keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj chaw.

qauv

Ib phau ntawm hais tias muaj xws li ib tug stratigraphic scale, nruab nrab geological lus thoob ntiaj teb teev. Nws sau raws li lub xeev kev pom zoo. Kev cob qha cov lus yog ib qho ntawm ntau zog ntawm lub cev. International Geological Congress yuav siv sij hawm yog ib feem nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kawm cov qauv no. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no koom tes nrog cov union ntawm geosciences. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm cov lug miv tshwj xeeb sawv cev lub rooj sib tham, thaum lub sij hawm uas ntxiv cov kev hloov no yog ua los rau cov ILS. Thaum lub rooj sib tham dhau ntawm lub International Geological Congress, nws lub npe hu ua lub geological lub sij hawm teev.

division ILS

Cov ntsiab yog tsis materialized paleontological systems los yog biostratigraphic lug. Cov units tsuas muaj ib ntus kev txiav txim zoo, piv txwv li, chronostratigraphic. Vim li no lawv tsis yog siv rau direct kev sib cais thiab kev sib raug zoo profiles. Cov uas muaj xws li stratigraphic scale ua tau sawv cev tsuas tej lub sij hawm Team sib. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb. Los ntawm cov tsos rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug incision kev zoo losis phem tsau lawv tej ciam teb. Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tsim nyog tej yam kev mob. Seb mob isochronous yuav txaus los ntawm ib tug los yog tshuaj hauv lub cev xwm.

tam sim no qhov tseeb

Tam sim no embodiment ua hauj lwm xws thoob ntiaj teb stratigraphic scale, uas yog feem ntau raws li nyob rau hauv lub regional pawg. Nyob rau hauv kev, Western European system. Nws muaj nws tus kheej keeb kwm thiab geological cim. Stratigraphic scale nrog tiers qhia tau hais tias tej yam ntuj tso theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tej qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto, raws li zoo raws li biota inhabiting nws. Qhov no yog kom txhob tsis lees cov cuab - keeb kwm thiab geological hauv paus ntsiab lus tiag tiag xwb ntse. Txawm li cas los, nws daim ntawv thov yog tsis tshua muaj zoo nyob rau hauv tej ib cheeb tsam los yog sedimentary phiab. Kev siv cov no taw tes nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb stratigraphic scale yog tsis tau. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ntau cov cheeb tsam yog feem ntau tsis zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv ntev Team sib. Cuaj kaum, lawv yog synchronized nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev vim hais tias ntawm tej yam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yam.

Lub ntsiab sib

Cov tawm los ntawm linear teev geologic lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo yog nqa tawm los ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm ntau yam. Nws yuav tsum tau siv tag nrho yam thiab cov txheej xwm yos los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab lub regional teev. Peb kuj yuav tsum lwm stratigraphic ntsiab.

Obstacles los kawm tiav ntawm lub ILS

Interagency Strategic Committee ntawm Russia harshly criticized qhov tseeb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev. Lub fact tias cov domestic lub koom haum txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv yav tom ntej ua raws li cov geological lig kev cai. Lavxias teb sab Committee rejects kev siv uas xaiv yaam thoob ntiaj teb teev yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws ua hauj lwm hnub no. Qhov no yog vim lub peculiarities ntawm nws cov Team sib, terminology thiab nomenclature. Tag nrho cov ntsiab ntawm cov tswv yim taw tes ntawm view, tsis tooj mus rau qhov tseeb, uas muaj kev stratigraphic scale ntawm Russia. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv muaj ib tug tsis muaj kev xav. Official subjective yog vim li cas, uas tiv thaiv qhov tus kawm tiav ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb stratigraphic scale, yog kev ntseeg ntawm ntau Lavxias teb sab geologists. Lawv ntseeg hais tias ILS yuav tsum tau mus raws li lub geological keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj chaw. Txoj kev ntseeg no yog tsau nyob rau hauv cov coj Code. Yog li, lub stratigraphic scale Russia yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib system niaj hnub no.

Cov lus qhia ntxiv txog ILS

Lub thoob ntiaj teb xaiv yaam siv reflected totality ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub ntsiab yam ntawm lub cev: lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus txhais, cov tswv yim, pawg, uas muaj xws li cov stratigraphic scale, cov txheej txheem thiab thiaj li nyob. Lub system muaj mas standard units uas sau hnub tim rau hauv lub xyoo. Lawv phua raws li nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshawb schematic arrangement ntawm pob zeb. Lub system combines ob ntau hom kev teev: chronostratigraphic thiab lub sij hawm cia. Keeb kwm tam sim no ntaus nqi raws li ib qho kev ntsuas cov qauv schematic arrangement ntawm pob zeb uas txheem seem uas raug xaiv nyob rau hauv stratotypes ib thaj tsam. Qhov thib ob hom yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub caij units. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, thaum tus qauv yog thib ob.

Lub ntsiab hauj lwm uas lub system

Tus thawj lub hom phiaj caum los ntawm lub stratigraphic scale, yog kom paub tias cov zos lub sij hawm sib raug zoo. Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm geology yog lub installation ntawm tus kwv tij muaj hnub nyoog ntawm khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Cov sib nrauj tsis yog nyob ntawm seb tej schemes chronostratigraphic units ntawm lub ntiaj teb no xwm. Secondly, qhov yuav tsum tau los tsim ib tug standard scale. Nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug ua tiav kev ordering ntawm tej yam chronostratigraphic ntsiab. Lawv muaj lawv tus kheej npe thiab siv nyob rau hauv lub regional thiab ntiaj teb no teev. Nws yuav tsum hais tias qhov no yuav tsum tau lub hauv paus ntawm tus txheej txheem hierarchy. Nws yuav tsum txiav txim seb lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov pob zeb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, raws li zoo raws li tso cai rau lawv mus hais txog mus rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj chaw. Nws xam tau tias yog ib qho zoo tagnrho kev xaiv, nyob rau hauv uas tus txheej txheem ntau yam yuav sau tag nrho ib theem zuj zus tsis muaj overlaps thiab khoob.

chronostratigraphic kev faib

Qhov no system yog lub koom haum rau lwm nyob rau hauv sawmills. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov txheej xwm xws li hnub nyoog thiab lub sij hawm ntawm tsim. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev yog lub koom haum ntawm pob zeb uas tsim lub kiav txhab, nyob rau hauv tej yam units. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj lawv tus kheej npe, uas sib tau Team sib ntawm lub geological lub sij hawm. Cov ntsiab yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub sij hawm sib raug zoo thiab cov ntawv sau npe system ntawm lub geological keeb kwm ntawm cov kev tshwm sim.

nqe

Qhov no lub caij nruab nrab yog cov teeb ntawm tag nrho cov pob zeb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg uas yog ua ke ua ke nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv kev, cov nqi ntawm lawv tsim thaum lub sij hawm ib luv. Lub division muaj xws li heev dua lwm yam pob zeb, uas raug tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj chaw. Cov ntsiab yog tas isochronous chaw. Lawv txheeb ze tus nqi thiab qib teem qhov ntev ntawm lub sij hawm uas lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam. tsis tas yuav lub hwj chim ntawm deposits los ntawm chronostratigraphic hierarchy yog ib feem ntawm cov chav nyob.

lwm yam ntsiab lus

Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam phau ntawv los units ntawm txawv ibyam thiab ib ntus volume los ntawm kev siv hauv qab no hais.

Chronostratigraphic complex muaj xws li cov nqe lus nram qab:

1. Tier.
2. Eonothem.
3. System.
4. Series.
5. Erathem.
6. Substage.

Geochronology kom muaj sib npaug:

1. Century.
2. Eon.
3. Lub sij hawm.
4. Era.
5. Ntu.
6. Podvek.

Hom ntawm adjectives yuav qhia tau rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus kwv nyob rau hauv lub chronostratigraphic:

1. Upper.
2. Lower.
3. Nruab nrab.
4. Basal.

Hom ntawm adjectives muaj feem xyuam rau geochronological cai:

1. Nws yog lig.
2. Early.
3. Nruab nrab.