Leej twg thiab thaum twg yees lub niaj hnub match?

Ntais ntawv yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau ib tug kuj tsis ntev los no tsim muaj. Ua ntej nyob rau hauv tib neeg txhais tes flashed niaj hnub match, muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm keeb, txhua tus uas tau los ua nws tseem ceeb pab rau lub evolutionary txoj kev ntawm cov kev kawm. Thaum lawv tau invented niaj hnub match? Leej twg tau lawv tsim? Yuav ua li cas ib txoj kev pib kov yeej? Qhov twg yees ua ib lub match rau cov thawj lub sij hawm? Thiab yog dab tsi muaj tseeb tseem hides zaj dab neeg?

Tus nqi ntawm cov hluav taws nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg lub neej

Ntev txij li thaum qhov hluav taws kub twb muab kev txaus siab ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Nws ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev loj hlob. Hluav Taws yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm lub ntug. Rau ancient cov neeg, nws yog ib tug tshwm sim thiab nws ua daim ntawv thov yog tsis txawm paub. Cov ancient Greeks, piv txwv li, kom qhov hluav taws kub raws li dawb ceev los ntawm xeem dhau cov neeg.

Tab sis cov kev cai kev loj hlob tau tsis sawv tseem, thiab qhov hluav taws kub yog tsis tsuas kawm tau mus siv zoo, tab sis kuj yuav ua rau lawv tus kheej. Tsaug rau txoj kev kaj lug nplaim taws ntawm lub tsev tau ua sov tag nrho cov xyoo puag ncig, cov zaub mov tau txais thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob thiab ua tastier, khwb khuav pib tsim hlau smelting, tooj liab, kub thiab nyiaj. Thawj cov tais diav uas ua los ntawm av nplaum thiab ceramics kuj tshuav nws lub neej rau qhov hluav taws kub.

Tus thawj hluav taws - yog dab tsi?

Raws li koj paub, qhov hluav taws kub twb xub mined los ntawm tus txiv neej ntau xyoo dhau los. Raws li peb pog koob yawg koob tau ua? Tej yam yooj yim txaus: muab ob daim txiag ntoo thiab pib tshiav lawv, tsob ntoo paj ntoos thiab hmoov av rhuab mus cuag ib tug twg uas txawj combustion yog inevitable.

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub "tsob ntoo" hluav taws kub tuaj ib tug pob zeb uas tawv. Nws yog ib tug muaj los ntawm ib tus pin ntawm steel los yog tooj liab pyrites ntawm pob zeb uas tawv. Ces cov iskrinki Cov nroj cig cuag ib co cov khoom, thiab nws muab tawm hais tias lub npe nrov tshaj steel - Ntais nyob rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv. Nws hloov tawm hais tias lub sib zog yog invented ua ntej qhov yuam kev. Qhov txawv yog lawv hnub yug peb lub xyoos.

Raws li cov ancient Greeks thiab Loos paub lwm txoj kev ntawm zus tau tej cov hluav taws - los ntawm lub hnub lub rays los ntawm ib tug lens los yog ib tug concave daim iav.

Nyob rau hauv 1823, nws invented ib tug ntawv tshiab - ib tug caws nplaum ntaus Deberayera. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam tau raws li nyob rau hauv nws muaj peev xwm siv oxyhydrogen zes rau kev sib cuag nrog lub spongy platinum. Yog li ntawd tag nrho cov tib thaum lawv tau invented hnub no match? Cia saib no qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Tseem ceeb pab rau lub invention ntawm niaj hnub ntais ntawv twb qhia los ntawm tus German tus paub txog A. Gankvattsem. Ua tsaug rau nws wit yuam thawj tshwm sim tuaj nrog cov leej faj txheej uas yog nroj cig cuag los ntawm kev sib txhuam rau ib daim ntawm phosphorus. Tus duab ntawm cov ntais ntawv yog tsis tshua seeb thiab demanded ib tug hais kev txhim kho.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lo lus "phim"

Ua ntej koj khom lub tsheb tawm uas yees ua qhov yuam kev, cia peb kawm saib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov tswvyim no thiab nws cov hauv paus.

Lo lus "phim" muaj qub Lavxias teb sab cov hauv paus hniav. Nws thawj yog lo lus "koob" - ib tug stick nrog ib tug ntse kawg, ib tug ntshiv ntoo.

Keeb xeeb hu ua koob tes, ua los ntawm cov ntoo, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog muab tib tug ntawm cov khau.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm qhov uas muaj qhov niaj hnub match

Thaum cov niaj hnub match yog invented - ib tug moot point txaus. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias kom txog rau thaum lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XIX caug xyoo, lub International patent txoj cai yog tsis raws li xws li, thiab yog lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm tshuaj discoveries twb ntau yam European lub teb chaws nyob rau tib lub sij hawm.

Cov lus nug ntawm uas yees ua lub match, ntau npaum li cas pob tshab. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov tsos tshuav nws cov keeb kwm mus rau lub Fabkis chemist K. L. Bertolle. Nws tseem ceeb nrhiav yog cov ntsev uas yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub sulfuric acid txhawb qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lossis loj nyiaj ntawm tshav kub. Tom qab ntawd no discovery los ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub scientific kev ua ntawm Jean Chancel, ua tsaug rau uas tus hauj lwm twb yees ua thawj match - ib tug ntoo stick, qhov ntxeev ntawm uas yog coated nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm ntsev Berthollet, sulfur, qab zib thiab cov pos hniav. Xws li ib tug ntaus ntawv yog Cov nroj cig cuag los ntawm cov pressing lub taub hau kom phim asbestos impregnated ua ntej nrog concentrated sulfuric acid.

leej faj ntais ntawv

Lawv inventor yog Dzhon Uoker. Nws twb me ntsis hloov Cheebtsam ntawm match lub taub hau: bertoletova ntsev + Arabic + antimony sulfide. Yuav kom zes xws li ib tug match, nyob rau hauv nrog sulfuric acid yog tsis tsim nyog. Lawv qhuav nrog rau tiv cav tseb uas yog txaus ntaus rau tej ntxhib nto: coated nrog Emery ntawv, grater, av iav. ntais ntawv ntev yog 91 cm, thiab lawv pob yog ib tug tshwj xeeb mem hluav, uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau 100 tej daim. Cov tsis hnov tsw ntawm lawv yog txaus ntshai. Lawv twb xub muab nyob rau hauv 1826.

phosphorus ntais ntawv

Yuav ua li cas xyoo yees phosphorus ntais? Tej zaum peb yuav tsum nyob qib qub lawv cov tsos txij li thaum xyoo 1831 xyoo, thaum lub Fabkis chemist Charles Soria ntxiv mus rau ib tug sib tov ntawm caws nplaum dawb phosphorus. Yog li, lub constituent Cheebtsam yog match taub hau Berthollet ntsev, kua nplaum, dawb phosphorus. Tej kev sib txhuam yog txaus kom phim tus paub cig.

Lub ntsiab drawback yog lub high degree ntawm cov hluav taws yuav raug. unbearable tsis hnov tsw - ib tug uas cov disadvantages ntawm cov leej faj ntais ntawv tau raug tshem tawm. Tab sis lawv twb muaj teeb meem rau kev noj qab nyob vim qhov kev tso tawm ntawm phosphorus vapor. Neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm qhauj thiab factories twb raug loj cov kab mob. Xav rau yav tas, nyob rau hauv 1906, txwv kev siv ntawm phosphorus raws li ib tug ntawm cov txaus ntawm lub match.

Swedish match

Swedish cov khoom uas tsis muaj dab tsi lwm tus tshaj cov niaj hnub yuam kev. Xyoo invention lawv tuaj tom qab 50 xyoo nrog lub sij hawm thaum lub ntiaj teb no pom tus thawj heev match. Es tsis txhob phosphorus caws nplaum sib tov twb incorporated liab phosphorus. Ib tug zoo xws li cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, raws li nyob rau hauv muaj liab phosphorus, thiab siv los mus them rau cov sab nto rau ntawm lub box. Sunbathing cov ntais ntawv xwb nyob rau hauv lub sis raug zoo nrog cov phosphor coated nws lub taub ntim. Lawv tsis sawv cev rau tej kev nyab xeeb rau cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv thiab yog fireproof. Qhov tus tsim ntawm niaj hnub ntais ntawv yog ib tug Swedish chemist Johan Lundstrom.

Nyob rau hauv 1855 yog nyob rau hauv lub Paris International Exhibition, qhov twg Swedish Match tau muab lub siab tshaj plaws puav pheej. Ib me ntsis tom qab, phosphorus twb zoo rau nws muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub Cheebtsam caws nplaum sib tov, rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub box, nws nyob rau hnub no.

Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm hnub no lub ntais ntawv feem ntau yog siv Aspen. Muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj ib qho caws nplaum loj sulfide leej faj, paraffins co, oxidants, manganese dioxide, kua nplaum, hlau oxide, iav hmoov. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm coatings rau lub sab ntawm lub thawv yog siv liab phosphorus, antimony sulfide, hlau oxide, manganese dioxide, calcium carbonate.

Koj yuav tsum xav!

Thawj match thawv yog tsis yog ib tug cardboard lub thawv, thiab hlau thawv-siab. Daim ntawv lo yog tsis tau, thiab cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus lub npe teev rau ntawm stamp, uas yog muab tso rau hauv lub hau los yog sab ntawm lub pob.

Tus thawj phosphorus ntais ntawv yuav zes vim kev sib txhuam. Lub nto kiag li haum muaj: los ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab xaus nrog lub ntim match.

Matchbox ua nyob rau hauv raws li Lavxias teb sab xeev cov qauv, muaj ib tug ntev ntawm raws nraim 5 centimeters, li ntawd, nws yuav siv tau los yog ntsuas cov khoom.

Ib tug match yog feem ntau siv raws li ib tug determinant ntawm lub zuag qhia tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntau yam khoom uas yuav tsum tau pom xwb nyob rau hauv ib daim duab.

Indicators ntawm lub zog ntawm cov ntau lawm turnover ntawm ntais ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog 30 billion cartons ib xyoo.

Muaj ob peb hom ntais ntawv: gas, zoo, qhov cub, tswb, thermal, photographic, ua liaj ua teb, kev yos hav zoov.

Advertising match thawv

Thaum lawv tau invented niaj hnub ntais ntawv, tab sis, ces tuaj mus rau lub active siv tshwj xeeb ntim thiab rau lawv - lub thawv. Leej twg yuav tau xav tias qhov no yuav tsum yog ib tus pheej ua li tsiv lub sij hawm. Nyob rau tej pob khoom portrayed advertising. Tus thawj coj mus muag advertisement rau ib lub thawv uas muaj qhov yuam tau tsim nyob rau hauv America los ntawm pob zeb Diamond Match tuam txhab nyob rau hauv 1895, uas nce lub comic troupe Mendelson Opera tuam txhab. Nyob rau pom ib feem ntawm lub box yog ib daim duab ntawm ib tug trombonist. Incidentally, lub xeem ntxiv advertising matchbox ua thaum lub sij hawm, twb muag nyuam qhuav rau 25 txhiab dollars.

Lub tswv yim ntawm advertising rau ntawm lub matchbox tau txais nrog tej yam txaus siab, thiab tau lug txais yuav nyob rau hauv lub lag luam kheej. Nrog ntim rau cov ntais ntawv touting ib tsev ua npiav "Pabst" nyob rau hauv Milwaukee, Tobacco King Duke, zom cov pos hniav Wrigley tus zom cov pos hniav. Nrhiav los ntawm lub thawv, tau ntsib nrog lub hnub qub, lub teb chaws celebrities, ncaws pob, thiab hais txog. D.