Leej twg yog lub tsev hais plaub? Tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov Nobel nqi zog winners

Feem ntau, thaum ib tug neeg uas tus khiav ntawm cov Nobel nqi zog, nws yuav tsum tau txais regalia, los ua pov thawj hais tias nws - qhov tsis kev nyob rau hauv nws daim teb. Tab sis tej zaum cov neeg tau txais nws, thiab lub sij hawm proves hais tias lawv tsis tsim nyog hais tias.

1949 Egas Moniz, tshuaj

Thaum koj txua ib qho ntawm feem phem ntawm kev phais cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov tshuaj, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj mus nrhiav pov thawj rau hauv lub remuneration. Tiam sis nyob rau 1949, lub Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz twb muab tsub lub Nobel nqi zog rau cov tshuaj rau inventing lobotomy.

Tus kws kho mob drilled qhov nyob rau hauv lub pob txha taub hau ntawm tus neeg mob, ua ntaj riam thaiv nrog ib tug ntev koob, hu ua leukoma, thiab kaw los ntawm lub frontal lobe ntawm lub paj hlwb zoo li cov hlau tub. Qhov no manipulation tau ua shocking, thiab kaum plaub xyoos tom qab, Moniz tau txais tus nqi zog rau nws.

Raws li yog lub npe hu, lobotomy possesses tsis muaj kho nyhuv, thiab tshaj, nws yog txaus ntshai.

1973 Genri Kissindzher, ntiaj teb

Rau ntau, lub yav tas Secretary of State Genri Kissindzher muaj tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub ntiaj teb no. Muaj ntau xav txog nws ib tug tsov rog criminal, uas ib lub koom haum heev heev tsis pub leejtwg paub bombings thaum lub sij hawm Vietnam War. Nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, cov kws ntawv Christopher Hitchens, "Qhov kev kuaj ntawd Genri Kissindzhera" twb tsis siv lub tswv yim tias tus neeg no yuav tsum raug ntes "rau kev tsov kev rog teeb meem txhaum cai, teeb meem txhaum cai tawm tsam tib neeg thiab kev ua txhaum ntawm thoob ntiaj teb txoj cai, xws li kev koom tes rau tua neeg, kev zij thiab tsim txom."

Xav tau kev piv txwv? Kissinger yog ib tug tho kev nyob rau hauv lub zais cia bombing ntawm Qhab Meem teb, uas tau thov hauv lub neej ntawm innocent neeg. Qhov no pab cov Chilean General Augusto Pinochet ua kom puas txhiab tus dissidents.

Tsis tau Kissinger tau yeej lub Nobel nqi zog, raws li twb tau ua hauj lwm rau ib tug cease-hluav taws kub thaum lub sij hawm Vietnam War, uas yeej nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1973. Tsov rog tsis xaus kom txog rau thaum 1975. Kissinger khom ib tug cease-hluav taws thiab nrog nws, tso raids thiab bombings nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Vietnam, Cov nom Has. Koj pom zoo tias muaj ib tug dissonance.

1912 Nils Gustaf Dalen, physics

Lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv Physics feem ntau txhais tau tias cov khiav tau cas hloov lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ntiaj teb tib neeg. Nils Gustaf Dalen twb muab tsub rau me kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv lighthouses.

Nyob rau hauv 1912, zaum tau yees ua ib lub hnub valve Solventil, uas tswj tus nqi ntawm cov gaseous teeb nyob rau hauv ib tug lighthouse. Nrog nws kaw cov cov lighthouse ntawm cov xibfwb thiab muab rau txiav thaum hmo ntuj. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus yig siv zog thiab cov kev pab yog yeej ib txwm siab txais tos, tab sis nws yog tsis yog ib tug invention tsim nyog ib qho puav pheej.

Tus thawj lub tswv yim ntawm lub Committee yog mus rau tes tshaj ib tug nqi zog rau Thomas Edison thiab Nikola Tesla. Qhov teeb meem yog hais tias cov laureates yog nyob rau hauv lub midst ntawm nyiaj txiag strife, thiab Tesla tsis kam koom nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tw. Es tsis txhob muab nws mus rau ib los yog lwm yam, pawg neeg txiav txim siab los muab nqi zog rau tus txiv leej tub uas yees ua ib tug dlej lub neej rau cov laus lighthouse.

1994 Yasser Arafat, kev thaj yeeb

Yasser Arafat yog ib tug neeg ua phem los yog ib tug txoj kev ywj pheej fighter, mus rau ib tug loj raws li nyob ntawm uas sab koj noj rau lub tsis sib haum ntawm Palestine thiab Ixayees. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau tsis ntseeg hais tias cov Nobel nqi zog rau Arafat, nws tau txais nyob rau hauv 1994 rau nws kev cog lus thaj yeeb nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv lub Middle East, nws zoo nkaus li tsawg tshaj li impressive tawm tsam lub backdrop ntawm ob xyoo lawm ntawm strife nyob rau hauv lub Middle East.

Nyob rau hauv 1993, Arafat, nrog rau Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin thiab Txawv Teb Chaws Minister Shimon Peres tau tsim cessation ntawm peb tes num, seemingly kev txom Israeli-Palestinian kev tsov kev rog. Tag nrho peb tau txais ib feem nyob rau hauv lub Nobel Peace nqi zog rau nram qab no xyoo.

Txawm li cas los, yuav luag tam sim ntawd muaj ib tug shocking kev tshwm sim: lub sij hawm qhov khoom plig ceremony, ib tug Israeli tub rog uas tau abducted los ntawm Islamic militants, raug tua tuag thaum lub sij hawm ib tug Israeli cawm lub lag luam.

1997 Dario Fo, Literature

Tej zaum, lub sij hawm no lub Committee xav surprise txhua leej txhua tus. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, ib tug playwright thiab comic Ltalis Pho yog heev nrov.

Yuav hais ib phau ntawv sau critic, nws yog pom raws li "ib qho yooj yim ... brilliantly feemxyuam clown." Tab sis yog vim li cas nws yeej?

Raws li Fo tus kheej publicist, Michael Earley, tej zaum vim hais tias nws ciali unpredictable. Early nws cav hais tias lub Committee tsis pov npav rau Rushdie, yog tsis pub rau Miller vim hais tias nws yog "heev kom paub tseeb tseeb, ib yam nkaus thiab nrov."

1958 Yausua Lederberg, tshuaj

Esther Lederberg yog amazing microbiologist, tab sis nws tsis muaj lub Nobel nqi zog. Thiab nws tus txiv, Yausua, yog tus khiav ntawm cov puav pheej, txawm tias ua rau science yog tsawg npaum li cas. Txawm li cas los, nws yog nyob rau hauv 1958, thiab Exathaw yog leejtwg yog ib tug poj niam. Yog li, nws tau notoriety, thiab nws muaj nyob rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo.

Nyob rau hauv 1958, Esther thiab Yausua Lederberg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub University of Wisconsin, qhov chaw uas nws ua ntau yam loj kho mob breakthroughs. Ua ntej, nws pom ib tug kab mob tus kab mob no phosphate e-coli, uas teb cov leem txoj kev rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lwm yam, ntau cov kab mob. Ces nws thiab nws tus txiv tsim ib txoj kev hu ua replication, qhov twg cov kab mob yeej los ntawm lub phaj rau lub phaj, uas qhia kev hloov xws li tshuaj tua kab mob kuj. Qhov no muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau lub neej voj voog ntawm cov kab mob yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab le caag los tshuaj tua kab mob cov tshuaj.

Yausua Lederberg yuav tsum tau txais lub Nobel nqi zog? Tej zaum, tab sis nws tus poj niam tau yuav tsum tau txais nws ntxiv. Tab sis ib yam dab tsi tshwm sim hais tias yuav tsum tau tshwm sim, raws li cov poj niam sawv saum toj no nws era.

2009 Barack Obama, lub ntiaj teb no

Nyob rau hauv 2008, Obama hloov lub senator rau tus ncej ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm lub tebchaws United States. Cuaj lub hlis tom qab, lub Nobel Committee tau txiav txim siab hais tias nws tau tau ua txaus rau muab suav hais tias ib lub teeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, txawm lub fact tias nws twb tau xa 30,000 troops rau Afghanistan.

Raws li cov Committee, nws tau txais koob hmoov "rau nws extraordinary dag zog los mus ntxiv dag zog thoob ntiaj teb diplomacy thiab kev koom tes ntawm cov haiv neeg." Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub yas dhos ntawm lub prestigious puav pheej yog nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm lub US chaw ua hauj lwm tsawg tshaj li ib xyoo.

1974 Harry Martinson, ntaub ntawv

Nyob rau hauv 1974, lub kws sau paj lug thiab txawj sau ntawv Harry Martinson tau txais cov Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv Literature. Nws yuav ev kom nco ntsoov hais tias nws tau txais nws los ntawm tus nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb lub teb chaws thiab nyiam phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo nrog rau txoj kev cov neeg.

Raws li critics, Martinson yog rhiab ntau thiab thawj kws sau paj lug ntawm nws tiam. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws twb distinguished los ntawm huab precision ntawm nws cov lus. Tab sis qhov teeb meem yog hais tias cov nyob sab nraum ntawm nws cov haiv neeg Sweden txog nws, ob peb tau hnov.

Zoo yog vim li cas, los ntawm cov uas nws tej zaum yuav tsum tau txais nqi zog yog tias nws tau txais txoj cai mus xaiv tsa. Yog, nyob rau hauv 1949, tom qab ntawv ntawm nws tshiab "Txoj Kev", Martinson tau raug xaiv los mus rau lub Committee. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau hais tias seb nws lub suab ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv awarding nws, tab sis qhov tseeb nyob.

1992 Rigoberta Menchu, lub ntiaj teb no

Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, Rigoberta Menchú nkawd ib qho zoo tagnrho neeg sib tw rau lub Nobel Peace nqi zog. Nws yeej nyob rau hauv 1992 "nyob rau hauv paub ntawm nws ua hauj lwm rau kev ncaj ncees thiab ethno-cultural reconciliation raws li nyob rau hauv kev hwm rau cov cai ntawm hauv paus txawm haiv neeg." Nws phau ntawv, luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1983, attracted tus mloog ntawm lub ntiaj teb no lub zej lub zos. Nws defends cov cai ntawm cov Indian teb sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv kev tsim txom ntawm Guatemalan.

Tab sis yog vim li cas nrog rau cov cai tsis tsim nyog cov puav pheej?

Thaum lub New York Times reporter David Stoll, uas tau mus xyuas lub Quiché (Guatemala), muaj ib tug heev txawv taw tes ntawm view txog qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Thaj, nws kim heev kev tshawb fawb Stoll, pleev xim ib daim duab, uas lub Nobel pawg neeg tsis xav hnov. Menchú thiab nws guerrilla tub rog twb raws li brutal li cov Guatemalan pab tub rog, tab sis nws yeej nqi zog ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, qhia nws sab zoo li ib tug zoo siab txais tos.

2016 Bob Dylan, ntaub ntawv

Obviously, Bob Dylan - ib tug zoo kawg tshuab raj, thiab nws cov paj huam yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nws nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Cuaj kaum, tus Nobel pawg neeg muab tsub lub nqi zog rau Dylan nyob rau hauv 2016 rau cov ntaub ntawv, tau tshwm sim los ib tug flurry ntawm ridicule.

Dylan nws tus kheej, uas yuav luag tsis txais qhov puav pheej nyob rau hauv ib ob peb lub hlis tom qab lub yeej, nws tsis kam mus hais nws hais lus yuav luag kom txog thaum lub heev kawg ob.

Nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov feem ntau thawj qhov chaw ntawm nws kev hais lus, nws hais tias "cov nkauj txawv los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem: lawv yog meant yuav tsum tau tejyam, tsis txhob nyeem." Dylan tom qab txais tau hais tias nws kiag li meaningless raws li high school kos duab, thiab cov Nobel nqi zog rau nws.