Leej twg yog tus zoo helmsman?

Leafing los ntawm cov laus tej teeb meem ntawm lub Soviet periodicals yuav pom cov kab lus "cov poj helmsman". Nrhiav seb yog dab tsi nws txhais tau hais, qhov no tsab xov xwm yuav pab tau.

prehistory

Rau thawj lub sij hawm xws li ib qho kev qhia yog pom nyob rau hauv cov ntseeg phau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv kev, Ioann Zlatoust, uas nyob hauv lub lem ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm 4-5, nyob rau hauv nws treatise "Tham Phau Ntawv Chiv Keeb," hu ua lub Great helmsman ntawm lub Feem ntau cov High, thiab nws lub nkoj - lub Koom Txoos.

Raws li rau lo lus "tsav", nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog ib qho archaic nautical lub sij hawm uas sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub niaj hnub tswvyim ntawm "kauj".

Iosif Stalin

Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1934 cov kev qhia "kuj zoo kawg helmsman" siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov editorials ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Pravda". Cov tsab xov xwm twb mob siab rau txoj kev hloov ntawm lub sab qaum teb Hiav txwv lawv Icebreaker "Fyodor Litke" los ntawm Vladivostok rau Murmansk. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, cov neeg coob tau muab ib tug xov txog ntsha nyob rau hauv uas nws tau hais tias: "Tus yeej yeej ... ua tsaug ... cov neeg ua hauj, mus nqa tawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ... ... ... cov lus qhia Great helmsman Comrade Stalin." Kev siv cov no lub npe tiv thaiv Iosifa Vissarionovicha nyob rau hauv sailors ib puag ncig yog tag nrho txhaum, raws li nws yog nyob rau hauv qhib nrog lawv txoj hauj lwm.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cov txiv neej tsis yog paub txog cov treatise Ioanna Zlatousta thiab ntawd hu ua Stalin lub epithet, uas yog ib tug naas ej Byzantine theologian siv nyob rau hauv reference rau Vajtswv.

Txawm nws yog, cov kab lus "cov poj helmsman" nrees rooted nyob rau hauv Soviet journalism thiab lossi tau raws li nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm ntawv xov xwm thiab cov phau ntawv Magazine. Los yeej muaj, nws migrated rau hauv lub lexicon ntawm tog functionaries, uas pib los mus siv nws, hais lus nyob rau hauv sawv congresses thiab cov rooj sib tham.

Suav helmsman Mao Tszedun

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 40-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, Tuam Tshoj pib coj puab lub cwm pwm cult ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Suav Communist tog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub zos pab tau txais los ntawm lawv cov Soviet counterparts title ntawm "Great helmsman" thiab pib siv nws nyob rau hauv relation mus Mao Zedong.

yau xyoo

Great helmsman ntawm Tuam Tshoj - Mao Tszedun - yug nyob rau hauv 1893. Nws tau txais ib tug zoo nkauj dlej nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm kawm ntawv, thiab me nyuam kawm ntawv lub xyoos nyob rau hauv Beijing tau ntsib nrog rau hauv zos Marxists. Nyob rau hauv 1920, nws thaum kawg txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lawv cov nom tswv views los ntawm communism. Ib xyoo tom qab, Mao yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv lub Constituent Congress ntawm Suav Communist tog.

Kev mus rau lub sab saum toj

Nyob rau hauv 1928, Mao Tszedun tsim ib tug muaj zog Soviet koom pheej nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ntawm Jiangxi xeev. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm xyoo 1931, ua tsaug rau lub active kev ua ntawm cov Communist 10 cheeb tsam tsev nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm Suav cov tub rog liab thiab cov guerrillas. Nws yog tau los mus tsim ib tug tshiab lub xeev muaj. Nws lub npe hu ua Suav Soviet koom pheej, coj los ntawm cov Council of neeg Commissars tau txais Mao Zedong. Nws coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv lub anti-Japanese nriaj, thiab nws muaj peev xwm mus ntiab tawm Gomindanskoe conservative tsoom fwv, npav rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Civil War.

Lub kaum hli ntuj 1, 1949 Tiananmen Mao Tszedun hais tias lub tsim ntawm lub PRC nrog nws capital nyob rau hauv Beijing. Nws tus kheej yog tus tswj ntawm lub tshiab lub xeev tsoom fwv.

Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv Mao

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm Tuam Tshoj tus Great helmsman muaj siab kev cia siab rau nyiaj txiag thiab kev pab ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas xyaum haiv neeg thawj coj Iosifu Stalinu.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1950 mus 1956, Mao maj siv Agrarian kho uas vam kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov zaub mov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub teb chaws. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1957-1958 cov economic ntsoog tsoo tawm nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Ces Zedong muab tso rau pem ib txoj kev pab, lub npe hu ua lub "kuj zoo kawg leap rau pem hauv ntej". Nws xa ib tug lossis loj zog quab yuam nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom cua reservoirs, li zoo raws li lub creation ntawm selhozkommun thiab muaj qhauj nyob rau hauv Suav countryside.

Great helmsman: kev tshaib plab

Nyob rau hauv 1958, Mao Tszedun muab ib qho kev txiav txim mercilessly puas tag nrho cov sparrows, vim hais tias kuv xav hais tias lawv peck ntawm lub grain teb, thiab "sawv nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm nyiaj txiag txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj."

Yuav kom ua tiav cov hauj lwm los ntawm cov poj helmsman, tau mobilized rau txhiab tus neeg. Lawv co chij thiab tuav drums los hem kom ntshai tam sim ntawd tus noog los ntawm tsaws. Cov neeg pluag noog twb ya tau ntev lawm uas nws yuav sab sab, tsis tau tsis tuag los ntawm qaug. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, Tuam Tshoj tau poob sharply, lawv muaj pes tsawg, thiab nyob rau hauv ib co thaj tsam ntawm lub sparrows zoo zoo rau nws.

Nyob rau hauv thawj ob peb lub hlis tom qab pib ntawm lub phiaj los nqis tes tiv thaiv tsis tau sparrows thiab lwm yam tsiaj me ntsis nce grain loo twb kaw, tab sis tom qab thaum pib ntawm qhov ntxeem tau ntawm kooj, uas, muaj poob nws cov ntsiab yeeb ncuab, bred zoo kawg. Cov tshwm sim yog ib tug txaus ntshai kev tshaib kev nqhis, nws twb kaw txhiab tus neeg mob ntawm noj.

Nws twb yuam urgently mus kho qhov teeb meem ntawm Tuam Tshoj yuav grain txawv teb chaws, thiab lub sparrows "raug" thiab tau txawm yuam kom import cov noog los ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Cov kev cai kiv puag ncig

Raws li koj yuav tau txais, "Great Caws qia Forward" Mao cov ua tsis tau tejyam, thiab yuav tsum tau hloov lub "Yenan Model" rau ib tug neeg incentives. Xws li ib tug ncaim ntawm nws tej hauv paus ntsiab tsis nyiam tus thawj coj ntawm Suav Communist. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1960, lub Great helmsman yog tiag muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog lub ncauj ke nyob rau hauv kev khwv nyiaj txiag thiab kev nom kev tswv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws ntseeg hais tias lub CCP nws tus kheej yog ua ntau conservative, thiab nyob rau hauv nws lub plawv penetrated revisionism.

Luam dej raws tus Yangtze dej

Mao Tszedun yog ib tug txawv tshaj plaw cwm pwm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov respects. Piv txwv li, nws hlub yuav ua rau heats ntawm Suav dej ntws. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, raws li ntau cov tswv cuab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim cov neeg tseem ceeb yuav tsis khav tib yam zoo heev kev ua si daim ntawv raws li lawv cov thawj coj, tsis yog tsis muaj xwm txheej no. Nyob rau hauv kev, thaum lub Great helmsman hla tus Yangtze dej nyob rau hauv 1966, nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm 73 xyoo, yuav luag teem ib lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, tuag tag commander ntawm lub Guangzhou tub rog thaj av, thiab ib tug ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv cov thawj coj nyob rau lub shores tom los ntawm ib tug nab. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov no mas tawm kev tshwm sim yog los qhia hais tias Chairman Mao yog tseem tag nrho ntawm lub zog thiab muaj peev xwm nrog rau tag nrho cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lub Cultural kiv puag ncig.

tsis ntev los no xyoo

Rau cov "rov qab" ntawm lub Communist tog, nws tau coj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kauj ruam. cov tub ntxhais hluas ua hauj lwm-pluag tom qab, uas yuav tsum tau sib cav sib ceg nrog cov neeg uas deviated los ntawm txoj kev ntawm nplog liab - Nyob rau hauv kev, cov pab pawg "Liab tiv thaiv" tau ib lub koom haum. Mao kuj yog lub initiator ntawm loj-scale tsuj raug kev txom nyem los ntawm lab ntawm cov neeg tau ua.

"Cultural kiv puag ncig" twb nyob rau hauv 1968. Ib tug ntawm cov yog vim li cas Mao los ua kev ntshai ntawm lub Soviet ntxeem tau ntawm Tuam Tshoj, txaus siab los ntawm cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv Czechoslovakia.

Great helmsman Mao kom kev rhuav cov troops liab tiv thaiv thiab qhia cov tub rog mus coj tswj ntawm qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm xyoo 1969 rau 1970 Zedong sim los lub wrecked Communist tog. By lub sij hawm nws noj qab haus huv twb tau heev undermined. Dua li no, nws sim txhua txoj kev uas muaj ib tug nqi koj tshuav ntawm tog tog, sim kom tiv thaiv ib tug split.

Mao tuag rau lub Cuaj hlis 9, 1976 tom qab 2 yam mob loj heev lub plawv tuaj, 83-xyoo lub neej. Nyob rau ntawm nws lub ntees tuag nws yog ntau tshaj ib tug lab cov neeg.

Tam sim no uas koj paub ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv theem ntawm keeb kwm thiaj hu ua thawj epithet - lub Great helmsman. Mao Tszedun thiab Stalin tau hu ua li ntawd rau ntau xyoo thiab coj lub ships ntawm lub xeev, uas tau mus, rau nws kuj zoo kawg lub hom phiaj - communism. Txawm tias lub hauv paus ntawm no ideology yog cov tswv yim ntawm kev koob pheej ntawm lawv thiab fraternity, nyob ze rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv, cov thawj coj ntawm lub USSR thiab Tuam Tshoj, raws li feem ntau nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, tau raug deprived ntawm kev hlub thiab coj ib tug ntau ntawm kev txom nyem rau lawv cov neeg.