Lexicology uas tshawb fawb? Ncau ceg ntawm science kawm tau cov lo lus

Lexicology - lub science uas tsom rua cov lus ntawm ib tug cov lus. Nws muaj nws cov kev cai thiab pawg. Lexicology uas tshawb fawb? Qhov no science deals nrog ntau yam ntawm cov lo lus, raws li tau zoo raws li lawv cov kev khiav dej num thiab kev loj hlob.

notion

Lexicology - lub science uas kawm cov lus ib hom lus thiab nws cov nta. Cov kev kawm ntawm no seem lug yog lub nram qab no:

• Lub zog ntawm lexical units.
• Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev hais lus raws li ib tug yooj yim constituent caij ntawm cov lus.
• Hom thiab lexical units.
• Tus qauv ntawm cov lus ntawm cov lus.

Qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug ua tiav daim ntawv teev cov kev tshawb fawb uas lexicology. Qhov no science yog muaj kev txhawj xeeb nrog muab kho dua thiab expanding cov lus ntawm, raws li tau zoo raws li xav cov kev sib txuas thiab contradictions ntawm lub lexical units.

tus kwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb

Lo lus thiab nws cov ntsiab lus - yog lub hauv paus rau ntau sciences. Cov teeb meem yog hais txog nrog cov morphology, raws li zoo raws li ntau qhov chaw ntawm lo lus tsim. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias cov lus no yog cov sciences txhais tau tias kev kawm grammatical lug los yog kawm hom qauv rau txawv variants ntawm lo lus tsim ntawd, tshuaj xyuas lexicology, yog siv ncaj qha rau cov kev txawj ntse ntawm lub specifics ntawm feem ntau lo lus. Lexical units yog pom tsis tsuas raws li ib tug series ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab, thiab yog ib qho integrated system uas nws muaj nws kev sib txuas lus zog, pawg thiab cov tswv yim. Nws yog ib tug kwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm lexicography. Nws examines tsis ib lo lus thiab tag nrho lexicon li ib yam dab tsi tag nrho thiab indivisible.

Qhov no mus kom ze nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau rau tus cwj pwm rau hauv qeb ntawm lexical units tsis tau tsuas yog lus, tab sis kuj cov teeb nqe lus uas muaj ib tug kev analytic lub luag hauj lwm.

lo lus teeb meem

Lexicology ntawm cov niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus qhia txog kev rau tus kwv thiab cov kev kawm ntawm nws txoj kev kawm. Txij li thaum lo lus no txawm yog raws li ib tug zoo ntawm chav tsev uas muaj txoj kev sib raug ntawm daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus, nws yog suav tias yog nyob rau hauv peb lub ntsiab yam:

• Lub Khoos Loos Tsev. Kawm lus daim ntawv no, nws cov qauv thiab nws cov kev tivthaiv qhov chaw.
• Semantic. Tham txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lexical units.
• Haumxeeb. Nws examines lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv hais lus thiab nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov lus.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov thawj nam, cov lexicology - ib tug science uas teev tej kev txiav txim txog kev sib txawv thiab tawv ntawm ib tug neeg lus. Rau no lexical units piv nrog cov nqe lus, raws li tau zoo raws li tsim lub analytical lub moj khaum uas tso cai rau koj mus muab cov lus ntawm invariants.

Raws li rau lub semantic nam, nws yog koom nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib science - semasiology. Nws examines lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm ib lo lus thiab ib tug kwv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau Lexicology. Nws kawm lo lus thiab nws cov ntsiab lus, raws li tau zoo raws li nws cov neeg pawg thiab hom uas tso cai rau koj mus rau ntsiab tswv yim xws li monosimiya (uniqueness) thiab polisimiya (ambiguity). Lexicology kuj investigates cov ua uas muab sawv mus los yog poob ntawm lo lus ntawm lawv qhov tseem ceeb.

Kev nam xav lexical tsev raws li ib tug kwv uas yog txuam nrog lwm yam zoo xws ntsiab thiab ua ib tug tag nrho system ntawm cov lus. Ntawm no yog lub tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm ntawm tus sis ntawm cov lo lus thiab cov txheej txheem uas, nyob rau hauv ib tes, cov nyiaj them yug thiab nyob rau lwm yam - tsis txhob txhua lwm yam.

Lub tswvyim ntawm cov lus ntawm

Lexicology hlub hais lus raws li ib tug system uas muaj ob peb subsystems. Lexical units tsim tej pawg neeg uas yog cov sib txawv nyob rau hauv loj, daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm dab tsi kawm lexicology. Vocabulary kawm ib txhij nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: raws li ib pab pawg neeg kev sib raug zoo ntawm ib tug neeg cov chav nyob thiab lawv cov chaw kom yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau txhua tus lwm yam. Tsaug rau cov lus no yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv nyias muaj nyias ib pawg. Piv txwv li, homonyms, paronyms, txhais, txhais ntxeev, tetralogy li al.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yuav luag txhua txhua ceg lug, nrog rau Lavxias teb sab los yog lus Askiv Lexicology, kawm bulkier ib pawg lus uas hu ua teb. Feem ntau nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lub nucleus, piv txwv li, ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm keywords, thiab cov ciam teb rau lwm cov neeg uas yog ib tug txawv paradigmatic, semantic, cov qauv sau ntawv los yog lwm yam hom kev sib raug zoo nrog cov lexical units.

forums lexicology

Zoo li lwm yam kev kawm, lexicology nws muaj nws tus kheej system ntawm kev kawm uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau tej chaw ntawm nws tus kwv thiab kev kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no:

• Semasiology. Nws yog koom nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm cov lo lus thiab cov nqe lus.
• Onomasiology. Nws examines tus txheej txheem ntawm tis npe khoom thiab phenomena.
• Etymology. Txog lub keeb kwm ntawm cov lo lus.
• Onomastics. Koom nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej npe. Qhov no siv tau ob qho tib si rau cov neeg lub npe thiab qhov chaw npe.
• Stylistics. Kawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus thiab cov kab zauv connotative xwm.
• Lexicography. Nws yog koom nyob rau hauv lub koom haum thiab cov hau kev ntawm compiling dictionaries.
• Phraseology. Txog idioms thiab pheej qhia.

Forums lexicology muaj lawv tus kheej qeb, raws li zoo raws li yam khoom thiab kev kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, faib ib co hom ntawm no science. Nyob rau hauv kev, peb tham txog kev, private, keeb kwm, comparative thiab thov lexicology. Tus thawj hom yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov general cai ntawm kev hais lus, nrog rau nws cov qauv, theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, thiab lwm yam kev khiav dej num. Private Lexicology investigates ib tug lus. Keeb kwm hom yog lub luag hauj lwm rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm cov npe ntawm cov khoom thiab phenomena. Comparative Lexicology investigates lus qhia tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau yam lus. Cov yav tas hom yog lub luag hauj lwm rau dab xws li cov kab lis kev cai ntawm kev hais lus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg txhais lus, lus pedagogy thiab lexicography.

Qeb ntawm lexical units

Cov lus ntawm tej lus ntawm ntau haiv neeg thiab heterogeneity. Raws li, qhov tso tawm pawg uas muaj lawv tus kheej yus nta thiab cov yam ntxwv. Lavxias teb sab lexicology twb xub pom txoj nram qab no subtypes:

• Nyob rau hauv tau: obscheupotreblyaemye lus thiab lexical units, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb qhov teeb meem (science, paj huam, vernacular, dialects, etc ..).
• Los ntawm kev nyuaj siab: hauv nruab nrab thiab sab kev xav them units.
• Raws li lub keeb kwm kev loj hlob: neologisms thiab archaisms.
• Nyob rau hauv nws cov keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob: internationalism thiab qiv, thiab lwm yam ..
• Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm functionality - active thiab passive lexical units, raws li zoo raws li occasionalisms.

Muab tus nruam kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus, rau ib thaj tsam ntawm lo lus no tsis tseeb, thiab lawv muaj peev xwm txav los ntawm ib pab pawg neeg mus rau lwm.

teeb meem

Zoo li lwm yam kev kawm, lexicology yog hais tej yam teeb meem. Niaj hnub nimno cov kws txawj yog cov nram qab no:

• Zaus ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
• Qhov txawv ntawm cov lexical khoom nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv kev hais lus.
• Cov Tsam Thawj cov lus uas tso cai rau koj los mus tsim cov npe tshiab rau cov khoom thiab phenomena.
• Hloov cov lus ntawm qhov tseem ceeb.

Science yog tseem kawm kev xaiv rau ob peb ua ke ntawm cov lo lus rau ntau: lub semantic thiab lexical.

Txoj kev paub cov ntsiab lus

Lexicology investigates nominations xaiv. Qhov no yog hais txog qhov sib txawv txoj kev thiab txoj kev expanding cov ntsiab lus. Qhov no tej zaum yuav siv tau raws li lub nrog cov kev pab ntawm ib tug yam lus, thiab kev koom tes ntawm lwm cov lexical units ntawm cov lus. Muaj cov nram qab no txoj kev mus rau replenish cov lus ntawm:

• Lo lus tsim - cov creation ntawm tej lo lus tshiab.
• Cov kev siv ntawm tshiab ntsiab rau uas twb muaj lawm lus: polysemy, hloov qhov tseem ceeb thiab lwm tus neeg.
• Kev kawm ntawv pheej nqe lus.
• Qiv.

Cov dab yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tej lus, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv thiab yus nta.

txoj kev

Rau lawv cov kev xav tau lexicology nyiam general lus tshawb fawb txoj kev. Cov muaj xws li:

• Faib. Yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev txiav txim lexical tsev ntas, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb rau lwm tus.
• Hloov chaw. Tshuaj xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txhais thiab variations ntawm cov lo lus.
• Tivthaiv txoj kev. Yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cleavage ntawm lexical units nyob rau hauv tus neeg lub Cheebtsam thiab lawv general qauv yog koom.
• Transformation. Siv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lo lus muaj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav paub lub ntsiab Cheebtsam ntawm lo lus.
• Statistical txoj kev. Siv los mus txiav txim lub zaus ntawm kev siv ntawm lexical units, raws li zoo raws li rau qhov muab xam los ntawm lawv semantic, paradigmatic thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas.

Cov ntaub ntawv uas tau los ntawm txoj kev no txoj kev, siv nyob rau hauv lwm yam sciences, xws li Psycholinguistics, Neurolinguistics, raws li zoo raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev sciences.