Literary tsom xam: "Txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm lub tseb suab puam" Pushkin. Lub ntsiab theses

Cwm pwm thiab outlook ntawm Pushkin thoob plaws nws lub neej yog lossi hloov. Poet cia haus nyob rau hauv txhua yam uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia thiab nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Nws, zoo li tag nrho cov geniuses, vim nws mob thiab inquisitive siab sim ua niaj hnub thiab twb khaws cia mus txog hnub tim nrog tag nrho cov cutting-edge uas. Yuav kom to taub nws ces npaj ib tug me ntsis dhia dej mus rau hauv zaj dab neeg txog nws lub neej. Koj muaj peev xwm txawm tuav ib tug nyuag tsom xam ntawm lub tswv yim. "Txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm lub tseb suab puam" Pushkin, piv txwv li, yuav qhia rau peb ib tug ntau. Qhov no paj huam tau sau nyob rau hauv 1823. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Pushkin ntes tau mus nrog chim siab, nws yog ib tug raws point nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, pib txiav txim.

Pushkin lub neej nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg

Ua ntej koj yuav sau Pushkin "Txoj kev ywj pheej tseb suab puam", nws yuav yog ib lub sij hawm ntev mus paub tab. Tom qab kev kawm nyob rau Tsarskoye selo Lyceum Pushkin mus ua hauj lwm hauv Petersburg. Nws lub neej muaj yog carefree thiab tag nrho cov kev cia siab. By lub sij hawm nws twb cia tus kab mob los revolutionary views, kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv ib tug cia li haiv neeg thiab ib tug zoo yav tom ntej rau lawv lub teb chaws.

Decembrists Pleiad tuaj ntawm no heev cov tub ntxhais Pushkin. Muaj ntau ntawm nws cov phooj ywg - lub qub lyceum kawm ntawv - yuav them rau nws lub tswv yim ntawm lub txim tuag thiab cov kev mus rau Siberia.

Tus muaj zog muaj koob meej ntawm

Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, lub neej rages, lub kws sau paj lug xav yuav pab tau rau haiv neeg thiab nws cov neeg. Nws kos duab manifests hnyav lived mas thiab patriotic sentiment. Nws sau hais tias ib tug ntau ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub tej hauj lwm. Ntawm lawv yog cov xws nto moo kwv huam li "Mus Chaadaev", "Lub Zos" thiab, ntawm chav kawm, ib tug Ode rau "kev ywj pheej."

Pushkin yog ua nrov heev nyob rau secular voj voog. Nws bold nom tswv paj huam yog ib yam uas kev txaus siab ntawm cov pej xeem. Poet cia pib ua rau ib tug kev hem thawj rau pej xeem txiav txim, ces tus Tsar Alexander kuv xav xa nws mus rau exile nyob rau hauv Siberia, tab sis hloov nws lub siab thiab xa nws mus rau sab qab teb.

Txuas mus rau Caucasus

Thawj Pushkin nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, thiab ces muab xa mus rau lub Crimea, Odessa thiab Chisinau. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, nws xav tias ib tug ntau thiab ua haujlwm zoo heev. Nws tsim tej hauj lwm ntawm "Lub ciav Bakhchisarai", "tus tub sab kwv tij", "Raug Kaw Nkuaj ntawm lub Caucasus" thiab thiaj on. D. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws sau ib zaj paj huam thiab "Gabrieliad", uas yuav pab raws li ib tug macabre parody ntawm zaj dab neeg los ntawm lub Moo Zoo. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, Pushkin yog ib tug ntseeg Vajtswv thiab tsis ntseeg ntawm Christian kev cai dab qhuas qhov tseem ceeb.

Mus ua ib tug muaj tseeb tsom xam ( "Txoj kev ywj pheej tseb suab puam" Pushkin yuav tau los sib tham li hauv qab no), nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tom qab pub ntxiv tshaj ib tug Masonic lodge nyob rau hauv Chisinau muaj yog ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Secret Order ntawm Freemasons lured nws, tab sis ho tsis muab kev ncaj ncees txaus siab, raws li nws tso tseg tej kev ntseeg. Thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hateful rau lawv yog cov ntseeg Vajtswv, masons xav tsis kam muab nws cov kev cai. Lawv kuj tau coj ib daim card revolutionary kev ua ub no, uas twb aimed ntawm lub teb puas tsuaj ntawm cov me nyuam yaus ntawm lub teb chaws statehood. Ib me ntsis tom qab, tus kws sau paj lug pib twb paub lawm tias nws yuav tsis hloov dab tsi. Tsar Alexander kuv nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo muab ib tug decree rau ban Freemasonry nyob rau hauv Russia thiab Pushkin dua xa mus rau exile, tsuas lub sij hawm no mus rau lub tsev neeg Mikhailovskoye, nyob rau hauv nws txiv lub saib xyuas.

Analysis: "Txoj kev ywj pheej tseb suab puam" Pushkin

Tab sis nws yuav yog ib lub xyoo tom qab. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sij hawm, tawm ntawm Pushkin lub paj huam "Txoj kev ywj pheej tseb suab puam." Nws yog ib tug reactionary paj huam. Pushkin dua siv zaj dab neeg txog lub Moo Zoo, lub sij hawm no - "Zaj lus piv txwv txog tus tseb." Tswv yim los ntawm nws, thiab peb txawj tsom xam yuav tsum tau ua.

"Txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm lub tseb suab puam" Pushkin - qhov no yog kev ua hauj lwm uas yog ob: nyob rau hauv ib tes, nws yog tus kws sau paj lug lub tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim los ntawm lub yeej ntawm lub Mev kiv puag ncig, uas suppressed lub Fabkis pab tub rog, nyob rau lwm yam - nws yog nws tus kheej yaam puab paub muaj feem xyuam rau Russia. Nws longs rau liberation kiv puag ncig, tab sis cov neeg tsis mloog thiab lag ntseg mus rau nws hais. Nws xav hais tias nws - tus tseb nplej, tab sis ua li khiav ri nyob rau hauv txawv xau grain tsis ciaj sia tuaj. Nws tsis muaj lub dag lub zog mus txiav txim siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm lab ntawm cov neeg ib tug lossis loj autocratic lub teb chaws.

Thiab no nws tawg nws maximalism qhuav li tag nrho cov kev npau suav tsaus muag thaum hmo ntuj. Thaum xub thawj, lub tswv yim ntawm Pushkin hu tau nthuav, tab sis, ces nws twb tso tseg tsis mloog.

Ces - ib tug siv rau Mikhailovskoye. Thaum nyob rau hauv lub zos, nws siv ntau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm lub monastery, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm kev ua hauj lwm "Boris Godunov". Ib tug mus ntsib mus rau qhov chaw dawb huv thiab nyob sib ze nrog cov monks kev coj tus kheej txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Los yeej muaj, nws rov hloov tus txiv neej uas overestimated lub neej thiab twb dreaming txog cov tsev neeg thiab nws tus kheej lub tsev, kiv puag ncig thiab kev hloov nws yog tsis txaus siab.

Txawm tias nws ib zaug phem xav txog Vajtswv, Pushkin tuag ib tug Christian, kev txom nyem los ntawm sab kev raug mob. Nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov nws yuav tuaj mus rau ib tug Orthodox pov thawj, Pushkin cais ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Mysteries thiab ncaim nyob rau hauv kev sib haum xeeb. Nws yuav raug coj mus faus rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Svyatogorsk monastery nyob ze Pskov.