Lub graphics nyob rau hauv lub "Pascal": yam ntxwv, creation txoj kev thiab piv txwv

Kuv xav tau ib tug graphics programmer? Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas tau cia li pib mus kawm cov lus? Peb yuav tsum xub xyuas tag nrho cov designs rau sau ntawv yooj yim thiab paub tab heev thiab lub sij hawm so rau tom qab?

Cov no yog cov lus nug yuav teb txhua tug txiv neej rau nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, cov neeg uas qhia cov lus nyob rau hauv lub xyoo kawm ntawv, lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub "Pascal" yog ib txoj kev zoo mus tsim kho koj tus kheej rau ntxiv txoj kev tshawb no. Tom qab tag nrho lub sij hawm no kuv xav pom cov kev tshwm sim ntawm nws xav, sau ntawv cov kev pab cuam. Yog hais tias peb yuav sib tham hais txog ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawv, ces yog nqus lwm lub sij hawm. Es, nws ua raws li ib tug pab caij uas yuav pab tau kom ntawv cov khoom ntau dynamic. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov seem ntawm hom lus programming, ntawm chav kawm, ib qho tseem ceeb.

Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias tsis yog tag nrho cov nyiaj muaj graphics them nyiaj yug. "Pascal," nyob rau hauv lem, yog txawm peem rau nrog no feature, li ntawd, nws yog nws cov qauv yuav tau piav nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Lub graphics nyob rau hauv lub "Pascal"

Qhov twg yuav tsum tau koj pib? Txij thaum ntawd los, koj yuav tsum to taub dab tsi yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus unit ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ntau yam hom lus "Pascal". Thaum nws los txog rau ntawv, ces thiaj li yuav ua tau lub cim. Lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau lawv nyiam lub pixel. Nws muaj coordinates uas yog sawv cev los ntawm tej cim X thiab Y, thiab cov xim (standard - dawb). Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub pixel (0, 0), nws yog tsim nyog los muab nyob rau hauv lub saum toj sab laug ces kaum. Nws yog los ntawm no pib suav coordinates.

Lub graphics nyob rau hauv "Pascal ABC» yog tshuab txais los ntawm ib tug module uas yog tsim nyog los sau npe siv txoj kab.

point

Raws li ib tug yooj yim piv txwv yuav tau muab neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov zis cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov screen (pictured hauv qab no).

Nyob rau hauv lub Lees seem, koj yuav saib tau lub npe ntawm modules muab cia rau hauv lub siv kab. Lawv muaj xws li graphics hom nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam. Yog hais tias tus tsim tawm tau ntsib cov kev pab cuam qauv, tej zaum nws yuav xav hais tias koj cia li yuav tsum tau sau lub koom haum pab cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv var. Tab sis qhov no seem, lub graphics nyob rau hauv "Pascal", tej hauj lwm ib tug me ntsis txawv. Tom qab lo lus var sau ib graphics card ntsia koj lub PC, thiab ces qhia kom meej hom nyob rau hauv uas nws ua hauj lwm. Cov cim muaj ntau. Tom qab qhib koov neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum nco ntsoov lub sij hom thiab hom. Yog hais tias tus neeg siv tsis paub dab tsi zoo ntawm adapter yog ntsia, nws yog tsim nyog los sau nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam kab xov tooj 7. Seem no, zoo li lub graphics nyob rau hauv "Pascal" yog tsim los kom cov txheej txheem yog tau los xyuas txog txiav txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog ib nqi nco ntsoov tias tag nrho cov adapters muaj lawv hais txog zauv tus nqi rau txhua yuav tsum nrhiav tau los ntawm nrhiav nyob rau hauv Internet. Nyob rau hauv lub yim kab yuav pom Initgraph txoj kev. Nws sau cov graphics hom. Kab xov tooj 9 thiab tus xov tooj 10 yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav pom tias initialization mus mam li nco dheev tsis, qhov kev pab cuam lawm ua hauj lwm. closegraph muab kaw qhov graphics hom, uas koj rov qab mus rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.

Natwm suav 2, 3, 7-10, 17 yuav tsum nco ntsoov vim hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau raws li ib tug template, txij li thaum tag nrho cov graphics nyob rau hauv "Pascal" muaj cov general qauv creation. Xav txog lub ntsiab ntawm lwm yam kev pab raws qib.

Nyob rau hauv nce mus nce los xim yuav tsum to taub lub ntau yam ntawm cov xim nyob rau hauv lub "Pascal" muaj tsuas yog 15. By muab ib tug nqi rau random, peb yuav tsum to taub hais tias lub suab nrov yuav xaiv across. 14 kab tso cai rau koj los ua ib tug taw tes rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam. Nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no, nws yuav tsum tau nyob qhov twg nws "yuav tawm" ib tug random xaiv hom.

Sij hawm muaj nuj nqi

Nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias lub teeb ntawm cov nuj nqi nyob rau hauv lub "Pascal" yog tab tom ua nyob rau hauv ob theem. Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug system ntawm coordinates, ces kos lub teeb nws tus kheej. Thiab tus thawj yog tseem muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb ua sawv.

Yuav kom lub sij hawm yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub saum toj ntawm lub screen, koj yuav tsum qhia kom meej nws qhov chaw nyob. Upper lub - (xLeft; yLeft). Lower kaw piv - (xRight; yRight). Yuav kom tsim tau ib tug tswj axis, uas nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv yog zoo kawg cim, koj yuav tsum paub qhov chaw. Thiab rau lub ntsiab txhais ntawm lub yav tas yog tsim nyog los nkag siab txog yuav ua li cas lub cav thiab tus nqi ntawm cov nuj nqi. Xaiv cov yam taw tes, koj muaj peev xwm ntxiv cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv qhov kev pab cuam.

Lub graphics nyob rau hauv lub "Pascal" yuav siv cov SetPixel txoj kev, tom qab uas raws li nram no sau rau hauv qhia tau tias lub coordinates ntawm tus taw tes (li ib txwm x thiab y) thiab xim (nce mus nce los). Ib tug kab muaj nuj nqi tso cai rau kos lub axis.

Sau ib qhov kev pab cuam yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv xws ib theem zuj zus: thawj tswj system, thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg koj yuav tau xam tus nqi ntawm cov nuj nqi thiab los mus laij lub coordinates ntawm tus taw tes.

tshwm sim

Qhov xaus ntsiab lus mus rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab cov kev siv ntawm cov nuj nqi teeb nyob rau hauv lub "Pascal" yog qhov tseem ceeb, li ntawd, yuav hais lus, tag nrho cov puag seem. Thaum kawm tau mus sau cov kev pab cuam rau lawv siv, qhov programmer yuav siv graphics nyob rau hauv nws cov ntau versions. Nws yog cia li zoo kom paub cov kev tshawb xav. Lub graphics nyob rau hauv lub "Pascal" (piv txwv yog muab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) - ib tug heev yooj yooj yim thiab nthuav nqe lus nug.