Lub homogeneous cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Raws li yog lub npe hu, cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm ib yam khoom uas yog feem ntau hu ua qhov chaw mus rau lwm lub, uas yuav txawv los ntawm nws muaj ib tug tshuaj nyob tus yeees thiab cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv peb hais txog cov reactants, thiab lub thib ob - los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom. Nws yog lub npe hu rau txhua leej txhua tus lwm tus los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Science News for KIDS kawg. Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm cov hoob kawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Science News for KIDS paub tseeb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm xws tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis hloov tus yeees ntawm cov tshuaj hais, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsuas yog ib tug muab faib rau nuclei thiab electrons, ua nyob rau hauv lub tshiab tshuaj tsim.

Tag nrho cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawv. Nws yuav tsum xub otmetitt homogeneous tshua. Cov no yog cov tshuaj uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug tib theem. Homogeneous tshua, piv txwv uas yog kuj yooj yim nyob rau hauv tej phau ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS, implies ntau yam txaus homolytic tshua tsiag ntawv los ntawm decomposition ntawm molecules rau hauv radicals, hloov thiab tshem tawm, rearrangement, thiab li ntawd. Ntxiv mus, nws tshwm sim raws li ib tug txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub kua theem. Ceev homogeneous cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tias tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw nyob twj ywm qhov yuav nyob ntawm seb txoj kev cai loj kev txiav txim. Homogeneous tshua tshwm sim ntawm reactants, uas chiv yog nyob rau hauv ntau theem, ua tau tsuas nyob rau hauv cov mob uas lub diffusion yuav tshwm sim nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Ces cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi yuav nce ho. Yog hais tias lub diffusion ntawm cov pib cov ntaub ntawv yuav tau qeeb, heev homogeneous cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tshwm sim nyob rau lub interface ntawm lub diffusion theem. Tag nrho cov nta ntawm kev tshua thiab lawv mechanisms yuav yog nyob ntawm seb tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas lub reactants yuav ua.

Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav yog nyob ntawm seb ob peb yam tseem ceeb, xws li: qhov xwm ntawm cov tshuaj reactive, lawv concentration, lub ntsuas kub ntawm uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim, thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tej yam catalyst therein. Nws yuav pab kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau ntawm ib tug ceev npaum li cas thiab nrog ib tug tsawg dua kom muaj zog. Raws li rau lub concentration ntawm tshuaj, nws yog tseeb hais tias cov ntau yam nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov ntau lawv yuav yuav tsoo thiab, raws li ib tug tshwm sim, yuav ua rau kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi.

Ib tug prime piv txwv ntawm ib tug homogeneous system yuav ua tau tej sib tov ntawm roj cua. Tag nrho cov gases ntawm txhawb kub yuav tsum nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau rau yaj nyob rau hauv txhua lwm yam. Qhov no kuj siv rau ib tug sib tov ntawm nitrogen thiab cov pa. Ib tug yuav pabneeg lwm cov piv txwv uas qhia tau hais tias hais tias xws li ib tug homogeneous cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog tsis muaj dab tsi, raws li ib tug aqueous tov uas muaj sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, nitrogen thiab cov pa. Lub system sau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tau tsuas yog ib theem. Yog hais tias, txawm li cas los, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hais nyob rau hauv ib tug homogeneous system, nws yuav siv sij hawm rau tag nrho cov ntim. Yog hais tias, hais tias, txhuav, thiab nrog stirring ib tug tov ntawm sulfuric acid thiab sodium thiosulfate taws kub nnyiab ya yuav tshwm sim. Nws yuav tshwm sim vim hais tias ntawm cov leej faj uas zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov tshuaj.

Thaum lub sij hawm hauv chav kawm ntawm ib tug homogeneous cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib qhov nqi ntawm tshav kub yog generated. Lub tshav kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav yog nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm reagents nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coj thiab los ntawm uas cov khoom yog tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov lus nug no, yuav ua li cas ceev yuav mus homogeneous cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav yog nyob ntawm seb dab tsi ntau npaum li cas ntawm lub sij hawm nws yuav siv sij hawm. Tshe cov teeb meem muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev kawm. Nws yog hu ua tus "Kinetics". Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj nws yog tus postulate uas rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug qauv tshua uas koom nyob rau hauv nws, yuav tsum nco ntsoov yuav nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog txhua lwm yam. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua tus xws hu tej zaum yuav ua rau nws mus rau ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Homogeneous tshua - tsuas yog cov neeg nyob rau hauv uas lub flow wetted hais yuav muaj ib tug cia ntawm lub zog, uas yuav tshaj lub Harbor nqi.