Tectonic qauv ntawm cov West Siberian dawb. West Siberian Phaj

Lub West Siberian Tiaj belongs rau lub accumulative hom thiab yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws lowland tiaj nrag ntawm lub ntiaj chaw. Ib thaj nyuag, nws belongs rau sab hnub poob-Siberian phaj. Nyob rau nws lub teb chaws muaj cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm Kazakhstan. Tectonic qauv ntawm cov West Siberian dawb tsis meej xwm thiab ntau haiv neeg.

Tectonic lug ntawm Russia

Zog ntawm Guj kuj yog nyob rau hauv Eurasia, qhov loj tshaj plaws av loj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw, uas muaj xws li ob ntawm lub ntiaj teb - cov teb chaws Europe thiab Asia. Splits sab teeb tectonic qauv ntawm cov Ural Toj siab. Daim ntawv qhia pub visually saib lub geological qauv ntawm lub teb chaws. Tectonic zoning faib lub teb chaws ntawm Russia nyob geological nta xws li platform thiab daim ntau quav tso cheeb tsam. Geological qauv yog ncaj qha txog cov topography ntawm qhov chaw. Tectonic lug thiab landforms nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas cheeb tsam lawv yuav mus rau.

Tsis pub dhau Russia muaj ntau ntau geological chaw. Tectonic lug ntawm Russia hais platforms quav siv thiab roob systems. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws yuav luag tag nrho cov chaw muaj undergone ib tug txheej txheem ntawm folding.

Lub ntsiab platforms tsis pub dhau lub ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws no East European, Siberian, West Siberian, Pechora thiab Scythian. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib mus rau hauv highlands, lowlands thiab lub nras.

Tus qauv ntawm lub tais koj cov menyuam koom lub Ural-Mongolian, Mediterranean thiab Pacific. Roob systems nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia - lub Greater Caucasus, lub Altai, lub Western thiab Eastern Sayan Toj siab, lub Verkhoyansk Ntau, lub Ural Toj siab, lub caj Cherskogo, Sikhote-Alin. Nws yuav qhia rau peb txog yuav ua li cas lawv raug tsim, stratigraphic rooj.

Tectonic qauv, qhov zoo ntawm lub nyem rau ntawm cov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Russia yog tsis tshua muaj complex thiab ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm morphology, geomorphology, thiab orographic keeb kwm.

Lub geological qauv ntawm Russia

Txoj hauj lwm ntawm lithospheric phiaj, uas yog cai niaj hnub no - yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm txoj long-term geological txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv lub lithosphere faib loj tracts ntawm thaj av uas yog txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm ib tug txawv pes tsawg leeg ntawm pob zeb, lawv tshwm sim thiab geological dab. Thaum lub sij hawm geotectonic zoning them xim rau cov neeg kawm ntawv uas hloov nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub hauv qab daus pob zeb thiab sedimentary cover, cov kev siv ntawm tus taw ntawm lub hauv paus. Lavxias teb sab teb chaws yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub tais hauv cheeb tsam thiab cov epiplatform kom. Geotectonic zoning npog tag nrho cov tectonic lug. stratigraphy rooj muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog tam sim no geotectonics Russia.

nyem nrhiav yog tsim los ntawm cov sib sib zog nqus taw thiab lwm influences. Ib tug tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm no yog ua si los ntawm cov hav dej. hav dej thiab ravines yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lawv lub neej. Landforms kuj ntaub ntawv glaciation. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov glacier nyob rau Plains muaj toj thiab ridges. Tus duab ntawm tus struts tseem influences permafrost. Cov tshwm sim ntawm khov thiab yaj ntawm cov subsurface dej yog subsidence txheej txheem.

Siberian Precambrian platform yog ib qho ancient qauv. Nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm nws yog lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Karelian folding, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub poob tsim Baikal daim ntau quav tso. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub hnub poob-Siberian thiab cov Siberian lowlands tau kis Hercynian folding.

Koom Haum Niam ntawm Western Siberia

Lub ib ncig ntawm Western Siberia kauj ruam plunges los ntawm sab qab teb rau qaum teb. Koom Haum Niam ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm lawv cov ntaub ntawv thiab complex nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb txheej xwm ntawm lub nyem yog qhov txawv nyob rau hauv tsis elevations. Nyob rau hauv West Siberian Tiaj differential tsis qhab nia ntawm dozens ntawm meters.

Lub tiaj teb thiab me ntsis nce tshwm sim los ntawm me me amplitude ntawm phaj tsab ntawv tsa suab. Nyob rau periphery ntawm lub tiaj tshaj plaws amplitude nce mus txog elevations ntawm 100-150 meters. Nyob rau hauv lub central thiab sab qaum teb qhov chaw ntawm tej lub amplitude ntawm 100-150 meters. Tectonic qauv Middle toj siab thiab West Siberian nras lig Cainozoic yog nyob rau hauv ib tug kuj twj ywm.

Lub thaj qauv ntawm cov West Siberian Tiaj

Ib thaj nyuag, lub sab qaum teb tiaj yog bordered los ntawm cov Kara hiav txwv, rau sab qab teb ciam teb sau raws sab qaum teb ntawm Kazakhstan thiab grabs nws me me ib feem, kom nws sab hnub poob saib xyuas cov Ural Toj siab nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj - Central Siberian toj siab. Sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb tiaj ntev txog 2500 km, qhov ntev ntawm lub hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj mas nws txawv ntawm 800 rau 1900 km. Tiaj cheeb tsam yog hais txog 3 Zeb. ^Km2.

Tiaj nyem monotonous, yuav luag txawm-tempered, tej zaum struts siab nce mus txog 100 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, yav qab teb thiab sab qaum teb qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov siab nws yuav ncav cuag mus txog rau 300 meters. Tej lub teb chaws los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub tectonic qauv ntawm cov West Siberian tiaj reflected nyob rau hauv lub teb.

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub niam dej loj ntws nras - Yenisei, OB, Irtysh, muaj cov pas dej thiab swamps. Txoj kev nyab xeeb yog continental.

Lub geological qauv ntawm cov West Siberian Tiaj

Qhov chaw West Siberian Tiaj tawm mus rau lub eponymous Epihercynian phaj. hauv qab daus pob zeb xav dislocated thiab yog Paleozoic lub sij hawm. Lawv them ib tug txheej ntawm hiav txwv thiab dej Meso-kajnozojskih Rog (sandstones, txais av ya, thiab li ntawd.) Thickness ntawm ntau tshaj 1000 meters. Nyob rau hauv lub hollows ntawm lub hauv paus no muaj peev xwm nce mus txog rau 3000-4000 meters. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub tiaj muaj cov yau - alluvial-pas dej sediments nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ib feem ntau paub tab - glacial-marine sediments.

Tectonic qauv ntawm cov West Siberian Tiaj muaj xws li hauv paus thiab cover.

Lub hauv paus slab muaj ib yam ntawm kev nyuaj siab nrog ntxhab sab rau sab hnub tuaj thiab northeast thiab maj los ntawm sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob. foundation blocks yog pre-Paleozoic, Baikal, Caledonian thiab Hercynian lub sij hawm. Dismembered foundation sib sib zog nqus cov pob txha lov ntawm txawv hnub nyoog. Feem ntau cov loj faults submeridional - yog East Zauralsky thiab Kyiv-Pursky. Daim ntawv qhia ntawm tectonic lug qhia tau hais tias qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus slab muaj txheej pribortovyh siv thiab lub puab cheeb tsam. Tag nrho saum npoo ntawm lub hauv paus yog nyuab system ntawm lub nce thiab depressions.

Case interbedded continental thiab nqaum-marine sediments peev xwm ntawm 3000-4000 meters nyob rau hauv sab qab teb thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm 7000-8000 meters.

Central Siberian toj siab

Central Siberian toj siab yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm Eurasia. Nws yog situated ntawm cov West Siberian Tiaj nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, lub Central Yakut dawb rau sab hnub tuaj, North Siberian lowlands nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb, Baikal cheeb tsam, Transbaikalia thiab Eastern Sayan Toj siab nyob rau hauv sab qab teb.

Tectonic qauv Middle toj siab timed rau Siberian Platform. Muaj pes tsawg leeg nws sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub sij hawm ntawm cov txo Paleozoic thiab Mesozoic Parodi yam ntxwv rau nws yog stratified intrusions uas muaj cuab thiab basalt los xij.

Toj siab nyem muaj sab plateaus thiab ridges, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, muaj cov nram hav nrog ntxhab qhov chaw siab tshaj. Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub nyem ntawm 500-700 meters, tab sis muaj qhov chaw ntawm lub toj siab, nyob qhov twg lub meej cim ntawm lub nce saum toj no 1000 meters, xws chaw muaj xws li cov Yenisei Ridge thiab cov Angara-Lena toj siab. Rau ib lub siab tshaj plaws qhov chaw ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev yog Putorana toj siab, nws qhov siab yog 1701 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem.

Central Ntau

Lub ntsiab watershed caj ntawm Kamchatka yog lub Central Ntau. Tectonic qauv yog ib lub roob ntau, muaj raws ntawm peaks thiab kis tshuab. Ntau ncua los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb thiab nws ntev yog 1200 km. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm nws yog feeb meej ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov uas, lub hauv paus yog ib feem yog ib tug loj kev ncua deb ntawm lub peaks, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb muaj ib tug muaj zog ruggedness ntawm lub array, thiab cov asymmetry ntawm cov slopes tuab lub Central Ntau. Tectonic qauv yog reflected nyob rau hauv lub nyem. Nws muaj volcanoes, lava plateaus, roob, glaciated peaks.

Ridge yog nyuab los ntawm lub qis-kev txiav txim lug, lub feem ntau cov tawm ntawm lawv - nws Malkinskiy, Kozyrovsky, Bystrinsky yog hom twg.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes yog Ichinsky thiab yog 3621 meters. Ib txhia volcanoes, xws li Khuvkhoitun, Alna, Shishelov, Mob Sopka, ntau tshaj lub cim ntawm 2500 meters.

Ural roob

Ural Toj siab - ib lub roob ntau, uas yog lus dag ntawm lub East European thiab West Siberian nras. Qhov ntev ntawm nws yog ntau tshaj li 2000 km, lub dav yog hom twg los ntawm 40 mus 150 km.

Ural Toj siab tectonic qauv belongs rau lub ancient quav system. Nyob rau hauv lub Paleozoic geosyncline nws nyob ntawm no thiab lub hiav txwv lapped. Txij li thaum tsim tshwm sim Paleozoic Ural Toj siab system. Main wrinkling tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Hercynian lub sij hawm.

Intensive wrinkling tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj nqes hav Ural, uas twb nrog los ntawm sib sib zog nqus cov pob txha lov thiab cais intrusion uas nws ntau thiab tsawg pab txog txog 120 km nyob rau hauv ntev thiab 60 km nyob rau hauv dav. Cov folds yog flattened, inverted, nyuab los ntawm thrusts.

Nyob rau lub sab hnub poob nqes hav wrinkling tshwm sim tsawg quaj tawv heev. Cov folds yog yooj yim, tsis muaj thrusts. Tsis intrusion.

Lub siab tsim nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj tectonic qauv - Lavxias teb sab platform, lub hauv paus uas hindered lub tsim ntawm folding. Maj mam, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub Ural geosyncline nyob daim ntau quav tso roob.

Nyob rau hauv tectonic cov nqe lus ntawm lub tag nrho Urals - ib tug complex set ntawm anticlinoria synclinoria thiab sib cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm sib sib zog nqus faults.

Koom Haum Niam Urals asymmetrical los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob. Eastern nqes hav descends steeply ntawm cov West Siberian Tiaj. Lub maj nqes hav western ntseeg nkaws mus rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj nyob sab Europe dawb. Asymmetry los cov kev ua ub tectonic qauv ntawm cov West Siberian Tiaj.

Baltic ntaub thaiv npog

Baltic ntaub thaiv npog belongs rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub East European Platform, nws yog tus loj tshaj plaws projection ntawm nws lub hauv paus thiab tsa saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ciam teb sau los ntawm cov tais lug Caledonia-Scandinavia. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub ntaub thaiv npog pob zeb submerged nyob rau hauv cover ntawm sedimentary pob zeb ntawm lub East European Phaj.

Ib thaj nyuag, lub ntaub thaiv npog yog txuas mus rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub Scandinavian ceg av qab teb, lub Kola ceg av qab teb thiab Karelia.

Cov ntaub thaiv npog qauv uas peb feem sib txawv ntawm cov muaj hnub nyoog - Scandinavian South (sab hnub poob), Central thiab Kola-Karelian (sab hnub tuaj). South Scandinavian sector yog khi rau sab qab teb ntawm Sweden thiab Norway. Nws muaj lub Murmansk thaiv yog faib.

Lub hauv paus sector yog nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Finland thiab Sweden. Nws muaj xws li Central Kola thaiv thiab muab cia rau hauv lub hauv paus ib feem ntawm lub Kola ceg av qab teb.

Kola-Karelian sector yog nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia. Nws belongs rau lub feem ntau ancient lug ntawm tsim. Tus qauv Kola-Karelian sector faib ib co tectonic hais: Murmansky, Central Kola, Belomorsky, Karelia, lawv muab faib nruab nrab ntawm ib sib sib zog nqus cov pob txha lov.

Kola ceg av qab teb

Kola ceg av qab teb tectonically ua txhua yam rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub Baltic ntaub thaiv npog, muaj li ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm ancient keeb kwm - Granites thiab gneisses.

Koom Haum Niam nta saws ceg av qab teb crystalline ntaub thaiv npog thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam ib co kua nplaum ntawm kev yuam kev thiab tej kab nrib pleb. Nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub ceg av qab teb tus glaciers uas flattened saum roob.

Cov ceg av qab teb yog qhov xwm ntawm tus nyem yog muab faib mus rau hauv thaj thiab sab hnub tuaj qhov chaw. sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub nyem yog tsis raws li nyuab li cov western. Toj siab Kola ceg av qab teb yog zoo li tus ncej - nyob rau hauv roob saum yog ca toj siab nrog ntxhab qhov chaw siab tshaj, depressions nyob rau hauv qab. Toj siab txiav los ntawm sib sib zog nqus nram hav thiab gorges. Nyob rau hauv thaj txheej txheem Lovozerskie tundra thiab Khibiny, tectonic qauv tom kawg koom roob yog hom twg.

Hibiny

Ib thaj nyuag Hibiny ntaus nqi mus rau lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm lub Kola ceg av qab teb, yog ib tug loj roob. Lub geological muaj hnub nyoog ntawm lub array tshaj 350 lab lub xyoo. Downhill Hibiny - tectonic qauv uas yog sab cev (solidified magma) complex nyob rau hauv cov qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Los ntawm ib tug geological taw tes ntawm view, intrusion - yog tsis nchuav tawm roob hluav taws. Array tseem sawv thiab tam sim no, ib xyoos hloov yog 1-2 cm. Raws li ib feem ntawm lub sab massif yog pom ntau tshaj 500 hom minerals.

Nyob rau hauv Hibinah nrhiav tsis tau tej dej khov, tab sis muaj ib co kua nplaum ntawm ancient dej khov. Peaks toj siab-ib yam li array, lub slopes yog ntxhab uas muaj ntau ntau snowfields, active avalanches, ntau lub roob lub pas dej. Hibiny kuj tsis tshua muaj toj siab. Qhov siab tshaj plaws nce saum toj no hiav txwv theem, belongs rau lub roob Yudychvumchorr thiab sau raws nkaus Ii 1200,6 m.