Wormholes nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. astronomical hypothesis

Starry ntug conceals ntau mysteries. Raws li cov kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity (GTR), tsim los ntawm Einstein, peb nyob nyob rau hauv ib tug plaub-dimensional space-time. Nws yog nkhaus thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, paub rau tag nrho cov ntawm peb, yog ib tug manifestation ntawm cov cuab yeej no. Teeb meem khoov rau ob sab, "bends" qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv, thiab qhov ntau tshaj li qhov nws denser. Space, qhov chaw thiab lub sij hawm - tag nrho cov no yog heev nthuav lub ntsiab lus. Tom qab nyeem ntawv no tsab xov xwm, koj yuav muaj tseeb kawm tej yam tshiab txog lawv.

Lub tswv yim ntawm curvature

Muaj ntau lwm yam theories ntawm gravitation, uas tshwm sim niaj hnub no pua pua tag nrho, txawv nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev Relativity. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov astronomical hypotheses nyob twj ywm rau hauv lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - lub tswv yim ntawm curvature. Yog hais tias qhov chaw yog nkhaus, nws yuav lam xav hais tias nws yuav siv sij hawm, piv txwv li, qhov zoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab txuas cheeb tsam, uas yog cais los ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm lub teeb-xyoo. Thiab tej zaum txawm muaj hnub nyoog, nyob deb ntawm txhua lwm yam. Tom qab tag nrho, peb yuav tsis tham txog qhov chaw, paub rau peb, tab sis qhov chaw-lub sij hawm, thaum peb saib qhov chaw. Lub qhov nyob rau hauv nws yuav tshwm sim xwb nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob. Peb muab rau koj tau ntsib nrog rau cov kev nthuav phenomenon ntawm wormholes.

Tus thawj lub tswv yim ntawm wormholes

Sib sib zog nqus qhov chaw thiab nws cov mysteries sib ntsib dua. Xav rau lub curvature nyob tam sim ntawd tom qab nws tau luam tawm los ntawm General Relativity. L. Flamm, ib tug Austrian physicist uas nyob rau hauv 1916 hais tias lub spatial geometry yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam qhov, uas txuas lub ob worlds. Mathematician N. Rosen thiab Albert Einstein nyob rau hauv 1935, pom tias cov nyuaj tshuaj ntawm qhov sib npaug nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub tuam Relativity, piav txog cais electrically them los yog nruab nrab qhov chaw, tsim ib gravitational teb, muaj ib tug spatial qauv "choj". Hais tias yog, lawv cuag lub ob universes, ob ze li ntawm tiaj thiab tib qhov chaw-lub sij hawm.

Tom qab ntawd, cov spatial lug pib yuav tsum tau hu ua "wormholes", uas yog theej free txhais lus los ntawm cov lus Askiv lo lus wormhole. Closer nws txhais lus - "wormhole" (nyob rau hauv qhov chaw). Rosen thiab txawm Einstein tsis cais tau ntawm kev siv cov "choj" los piav txog lawv cov kev pab los ntawm elementary hais. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub particle yog ib tug txhob txwm spatial daim ntawv. Li no, qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov qauv rau qhov chaw ntawm tus nqi los yog yuag yog tsis tau tshwm sim. Ib tug tej thaj chaw deb lwm observer thaum lub wormhole muaj me me qhov ntev, pom xwb ib tug taw tes qhov twg los nrog tus nqi thiab loj thaum nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov tej qhov chaw.

"Txuas hniav" Einstein-Rosen

Nyob rau ib sab ntawm lub qhov muaj hluav taws xob hwj chim kav, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm yam lawv tawm mus, tsis xaus thiab pib nyob qhov twg. G .. Wheeler, ib tug American physicist, nyob rau lub sij hawm no hais tias nws puv tawm "xwb tsis muaj them nyiaj" thiab "loj tsis loj." Nws yog tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tau xav txog hais tias ib tug choj yog siv los txuas ob tug sib txawv universes. Tsis muaj tsawg yam thiab yuav tsum yog tus assumption tias ob wormhole "lub qhov ncauj" tuaj tawm nyob rau hauv tib lub ntug, tab sis nyob rau txawv sij hawm thiab txawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws. Nws hloov tawm hais tias ib yam dab tsi li ib tug hollow "kov" yog hais tias nws yog xaws zoo tiaj li ib txwm lub ntiaj teb no. Cov kab ntawm kev quab yuam yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, uas yuav tsum to taub raws li ib tug tsis zoo xwb (piv txwv li, electron). Aperture los ntawm uas lawv nyob, muaj ib tug zoo xwb (positron). Raws li rau lub masses, lawv muaj rau ob tog yog cov tib.

Tej yam kev mob ntawm tsim ntawm "choj" Einstein-Rosen

Qhov no daim duab, nrog rau tag nrho nws attractions, yog tsis kis mus rau cov physics ntawm elementary hais, raws li yog ib tug ntau yam yog vim li cas. Nws yog tsis yooj yim rau ascribe ib tug "choj" Einstein-Rosen quantum zog, uas yog tseem tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub microcosm. Qhov no "choj", thiab yog tsis tsim los ntawm lub lub npe hu qhov tseem ceeb xwb thiab loj ntawm hais (protons thiab electrons). "Fais" tshuaj es tsis txhob kwv yees ib tug "liab qab" singularity, uas yog, qhov twg lub fais teb thiab lub curvature ntawm qhov chaw yog tsim txom. Thaum muaj tej ntsiab lus ntawm space-time tswvyim, txawm yog hais tias tus curvature yog meaningless, vim nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los daws kom tau sib npaug nrog ib tug infinite tus naj npawb ntawm cov nqe lus.

Thaum tsis ua hauj lwm GTR?

Los ntawm nws tus kheej, cov kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity yeej hais raws nraim thaum nws tsis ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv lub caj dab, ntawm lub narrowest point "choj", muaj tau ib tug ua txhaum ntawm lub smoothness ntawm cov kev twb kev txuas. Thiab nws yuav tsum tau hais tias, kuj tsis tseem ceeb. Los ntawm lub standpoint ntawm ib tug nyob deb observer nyob rau hauv no lub caj dab ntawm lub tsheb lub sij hawm. Qhov tseeb hais tias Einstein thiab Rosen xam tau tias yog lub caj dab, yog tam sim no txhais tias cov kev tshwm sim rau lub qab ntug ntawm ib tug dub qhov (a them los yog nruab nrab). Rays los yog hais los ntawm txawv sab, "tus choj" lub caij nplooj zeeg mus rau hauv txawv "chaw" ntawm lub qab ntug. Thiab ntawm sab laug thiab txoj cai qhov chaw ntawm nws, kuj hais lus, nws yog ib tug uas tsis yog-zoo li qub teb. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kis tau rau hauv cheeb tsam, peb yuav kov tsis yeej nws.

Tsis muaj peev xwm kis tau los ntawm dub qhov

Lub spacecraft, uas yog nyob ze rau lub qab ntug yog heev loj txheeb ze rau nws ib tug dub qhov zoo li freezes mus ib txhis. Tsawg thiab tsawg Pib ntsais koj teeb mus txog nws ... On qhov tsis tooj, lub qab ntug ntawm lub nkoj lub moos yog tiav nyob rau hauv ib tug finite lub sij hawm. Thaum lub nkoj (los yog ib tug particle beam ntawm lub teeb) kis nws, nws tsis ntev yuav tau so mus rau hauv lub singularity. Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas tus curvature yuav infinite. Lub singularity (nyob rau qhov mus kom ze rau nws) ncua lub cev yuav inevitably yuav tawg thiab crushed. Qhov no yog cov kev muaj tiag ntawm cov dub qhov ntaus ntawv.

ntxiv cov kev tshawb fawb

Nyob rau hauv 1916-17 gg. Peb twb tau kev daws teeb meem Reissner-Nordstrom thiab Schwarzschild. Lawv tau piav los ntawm spherically symmetrical electrically them thiab nruab nrab dub qhov. Txawm li cas los Physics xaus tau to taub nyuab geometry cov ntaub ntawv rau tej qhov chaw tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm 1950-60-ies. Nws yog ces D. A. Uiler, lub npe hu rau nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb xav ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, thiab nuclear physics, pom tias tias lub sij hawm "wormhole" thiab "dub qhov". Nws muab tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw Reissner-Nordstrom thiab Schwarzschild wormholes muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Lawv yog cov tsis tau kiag li pom mus rau tej thaj chaw deb saib, zoo li ib tug dub qhov. Thiab, zoo li lawv, wormholes nyob rau hauv qhov chaw mus ib txhis. Tab sis yog hais tias tus traveler penetrates rau hauv lub qab ntug, lawv cev qhuav dej li ntawd sai sai hais tias los ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm tsis ya tej duab tshav ntawm lub teeb los yog loj heev particle, thiab tsis zoo li cas lub nkoj. Yuav kom ya mus rau lwm yam lub qhov ncauj, bypassing lub singularity, peb yuav tsum txav ceev tshaj lub teeb. Tam sim no, physicists ntseeg hais tias tus tshaj tawm los ntawm lub supernova ntawm lub zog thiab teeb meem yog fundamentally tsis yooj yim sua.

Dub qhov Schwarzschild thiab Reissner-Nordstrom

Schwarzschild dub qhov yuav muab suav hais tias tau lawm moles nkag hauv cov kis. Raws li rau cov dub qhov Reissner-Nordstrom, nws yog me ntsis ntxiv nyuab, tab sis kuj tau lawm. Tseem tuaj mus thiab piav qhia txog lub plaub-dimensional wormholes nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas yuav kis tau, tsis yooj yim heev. Ib tug xav tau kev tsuas khaws cov tsim nyog hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov metric. Lub metric tensor, los yog metric, - ib tug txheej ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, siv uas, ib tug yuav xam cov plaub-dimensional Team sib uas twb muaj lawm ntawm lub dots-cov txheej xwm. Cov teeb no ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv kiag li characterizes kuj lub gravitational teb, thiab cov geometry ntawm space-time. Geometric ntoo khaub lig wormholes nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, txawm yooj yim tshaj dub qhov. Lawv tsis muaj horizons uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj nrog rau cov zaj uas lub sij hawm. Thaum txawv cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm yuav mus ib tug txawv pace, tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob rau tib lub sij hawm infinitely nres los yog leeb.

Ob tug kab ntawm kev tshawb fawb wormholes

Xwm tau muab tso rau ib tug teeb meem mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm wormholes. Txawm li cas los, ib tug neeg yog tsim kom yog hais tias muaj yog ib qho chaw khuam, yuav yeej ib txwm yuav kam los mus kov yeej nws. Thiab zaum no tsis muaj exception. Hais plaub ntug ntawm lub theorists uas kawm wormholes yuav tau muab faib ua ob qhov chaw uas Nkij los txuam rau txhua lwm yam. Tus thawj deals nrog lub saib xyuas ntawm lawv qhov yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv ua ntej piv txwv tias yog hais tias wormholes tsis ua ib ke. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub thib ob kev taw qhia ntawm ua kom to taub li cas thiab yuav ua li cas tej zaum lawv yuav tshwm sim, lub mob uas tsim nyog rau lawv cov emergence. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no cov kev taw qhia yog ntau tshaj tus thawj thiab, tej zaum, lawv muaj ntau interesting. Yuav kom qhov no coj muaj xws li cov kev tshawb fawb rau cov qauv ntawm cov wormholes, raws li zoo raws li txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lawv lub zog.

Achievements ntawm Lavxias teb sab physicists

Raws li nws muab tawm, cov khoom ntawm qhov teeb meem uas yog ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas rau kev tsim kho ntawm wormholes yuav pom tau hais vim polarization lub tshuab nqus tsev quantum teb. Lavxias teb sab physicists Sergey Sushkov thiab Arkady Popov, ua ke nrog tus Mev explorer David Hochberg thiab Sergei Krasnikov nyuam qhuav tuaj rau qhov no xaus. Lub tshuab nqus tsev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog tsis muaj dabtsis. Qhov no quantum xeev tsiag ntawv los ntawm qis tshaj zog, piv txwv li, ib daim teb nyob rau hauv uas muaj muaj tsis muaj tiag tiag hais. Nyob rau hauv daim teb no, lossi muaj particle nkawg "virtual" disappearing ua ntej lawv yuav nrhiav tau kiag li lawm, tab sis yoojyim nws cov cim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub zog tensor, piv txwv li mem tes, yus muaj los ntawm tej yam txawv zog. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov quantum thaj chaw ntawm teeb meem yog tsuas yog manifested nyob rau hauv lub microcosm, wormholes, leeg los ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob, yuav ncav cuag loj. Ib tug ntawm cov khoom Krasnikova, los ntawm txoj kev, yog hu ua "Cov kev hem thawj ntawm wormholes."

lo lus nug ntawm philosophy

Yog hais tias wormholes puas tseem yuav tau mus ua los yog nrhiav tau tus realm ntawm philosophy, txuam nrog rau kev txhais lus ntawm science, fim tshiab txoj kev sib tw thiab, kuv yuav tsum hais tias, nws yog heev yooj yim. Nrog rau tag nrho cov seemingly absurd lub sij hawm loops thiab nyuaj teeb meem hais txog causation, cov cheeb tsam no ntawm science, tej zaum tej no yuav to taub. Ib yam li to taub nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm nrog cov teeb meem ntawm quantum mechanics thiab tsim los ntawm Einstein tus lub hom phiaj ntawm Relativity. Space, qhov chaw thiab lub sij hawm - tag nrho ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hnub nyoog, xav nyob rau hauv cov neeg thiab no tej zaum yuav xav nyob rau hauv peb ib txwm. Yuav kom paub lawv kom huv si tsis yog kawm tau ntawv zoo. Chaw tshawb kawm yog tsis zoo li mus puas tau ua kom tiav.