Txheej txheem ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky. Txoj kev rau diagnosing Aggressiveness hauj lwm lub hom phiaj txhais ntawm kev tshwm sim

Ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky txheej txheem tau npaj nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, tab sis tseem pom ntau los ntawm UFW thiab yog nquag siv. Nyob rau nws peb yuav qhia rau niaj hnub no. Peb yuav hais nrog cog qoob loo uas cov txheej txheem no (lus nug ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky) - ib qho ntawm feem nrov nta, siv nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws psychology rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm aggression. Ua ntej peb yuav tham txog nws, koj yuav tsum txhais tau cov notion ntawm aggression. Yuav ua li cas yog cov mechanisms ntawm nws keeb kwm, nws cov ntsiab lus rau tus neeg? Ua ke, peb fim nws.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub aggression

Zaum ntseeg tau hais tias kev siv ntawm aggression - ib qho ntawm feem nrov txoj kev uas yuav daws tau cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg lub frustrating (nyuaj) teeb meem. Cov nyuaj ua rau neeg puas siab puas ntsws kev nyuaj siab, uas yog tsim nyog los tiv nrog.

Nruj kev txiav txim yuav ua tau ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm tsis tau zoo tej yam tseem ceeb cov hom phiaj. Lawv muaj peev xwm kuj yuav muaj ib txoj kev mus ntsib cov kev hloov ntawm ib tug sim xav tau kev pab puas siab puas ntsws tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhoj puab heev kev ua yog siv nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau nws tus kheej-txoj lus pom zoo thiab nws tus kheej-realization.

Theories ntawm aggression

Rau ib lub sij hawm ntev puas siab puas ntsws mus kom ze rau aggression thiab aggression txhais tias yog cov theories uas saib nws raws li ib tug rau txim ntawm lub siab (Rosenzweig, Dollard), thiab lub tswvyim ntawm attraction. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub lig 50-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Cov hauj lwm uas tshwm sim inflow ntawm theoretical thiab sim ua hauj lwm rau qhov kev kawm, uas muaj xws li cov lus nug ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky.

Cov txheej txheem no tsis yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg uas yog siv niaj hnub no. Niaj hnub no muaj ntau ntau theories ntawm aggression. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - K. Lorenz thiab Freud. Txhua lub theories nws muaj nws tus kheej pom ntawm lub aggression, raws li zoo raws li lawv tus yam ntxwv rau nws. Vim li no lawv yuav nrhiav tau ntau nta thiab muab faib ua 4 lub ntsiab pawg. Qhia peb luv luv txog txhua ntawm lawv.

Aggression - congenital deposit

Aggression yuav suav hais tias raws li ib tug deposit los yog ib tug congenital lus. Hais tias yog, nws yog xam qhovkev rau peb los ntawm kev yug me nyuam ib daim ntawv ntawm tus cwj pwm, yeeb yam rau ib tug plab theem. Adherents theories txog pawg no, aggression yog xam raws li tej khoom txoj cai, txhob kaw programmed. Nws yog twb nyob rau hauv nws thiab manifested thoob plaws lub neej. Aggression, raws li cov followers ntawm cov theories, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua yuav tshem tau kabmob. Thaum zoo tshaj plaws, peb thiaj tsuas txo nws feem.

Aggression yuav tswj tau

Lwm yam theories saib nws raws li ib tug manifestation ntawm cov kev txawj ntse thiab lub siab lub ntsws muaj dab. Qhov no xaus yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev ntseeg hais tias txhua tus ntawm peb muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub aggression rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev nrhiav nrog lub neej kev txawj ntse. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm qhia tau tej zaum tsis muaj, raws li zoo raws li txoj cai los soj ntsuam cov no los yog lwm yam hem yam.

Aggression - yuav tsum tau

Aggression kuj yuav to taub raws li qhov yuav tsum tau generated los ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb thiab stimuli. Los ntawm no foundations, nws yog ntshai li ib tug yuav tsum, uas yog pom tau hais ncaj qha nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ntau yam sab nraud stimuli. "Siab lub hom phiaj ntawm aggression" yog lub hauv paus ntawm qhov no saib. Nws twb npaj siab los ntawm ib tug American anthropologist thiab kev puas siab ntsws John Dollard. Raws li no ziag no, ntxhov siab ua rau yus aggression, yeej nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv los yog lwm, thiab rau tom kawg, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ib txwm lub txiaj ntsim ntawm kev nyuaj siab.

Aggression - ib qho kev qhia ntawm kev sib raug zoo kev

Lwm mus kom ze rau aggression - mus saib nws raws li ib qho kev qhia ntawm cov sij social kev. Hais tias yog, nws yog ib tug qauv ntawm kev coj cwj pwm mas yuav kis tau nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev loj hlob. Pheev tshua tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tib neeg tom qab nws pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo xws li cov teeb meem no los yog passively saib nws los ntawm lub sab. Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm tsub zuj zuj thiab tom ntej siv cov kev.

Qhov mob tshwm sim los ntawm aggression

Thaum analyzed nrov tshaj plaws views on lub tswvyim ntawm "aggression", peb yuav hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los nkag siab txog yuav ua li cas ntsoog loj heev mob siab tus cwj pwm uas yog tsis tooj mus rau cov kev cai thiab kev cai ntawm tib neeg hav zoov nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg. Qhov no tus cwj pwm ua rau raug mob rau ib tug tswg los yog animate khoom uas nres. Nws ua rau lawv lub cev raug mob los yog tej zaum yuav ua rau lawv ntxhov siab vim, nro, kev nyuaj siab, tsis zoo siab, uas yog, puas siab puas ntsws tsis xis nyob.

Lub tswvyim ntawm aggression thiab kev ntsuam xyuas

Aggressiveness - ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo, vaj tse ntawm tus neeg, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm tug tendencies, mas nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev kawm-yam khoom kev sib raug zoo. Payload tivthaiv yuav xav tau ib tug txiv neej nyob rau hauv muaj tswv yim ua si. Tom qab tus neeg xav tau kev pab ntawm cov muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib puas thiab rau tshem tawm obstacles los mus kov yeej tag nrho counteracting tus txheej txheem no.

Soj ntsuam ntawm xaus lus tias tus Aggressiveness muaj ntau thiab zoo yam ntxwv. Zoo li lwm yam kev vaj tse, lub heev ntawm nws mas nws txawv ntawm yuav luag tiav qhaj ntawv los ntawm ib tug txwv mus rau theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Raws li hais tseg los ntawm nws degree yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv txhua txhua tus neeg. Qhov uas tsis muaj conformality ua rau Aggressiveness, los xij, passivity thiab t. D. On qhov tsis tooj, ntev li txoj kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm yuav yus li ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv kev teeb meem, uas lacks lub peev xwm los meej pem kev koom tes.

Aggressiveness yog tsis nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ua ib tug neeg txhob txwm tshaj tawm yus kev kawm. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv ib tes, cov kev sib raug zoo uas tau tshwm sim ntawm aggression thiab Aggressiveness, yuav tsis muab suav hais tias txhav. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam yog vim li cas. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, ua los ntawm kev aggression nws tus kheej tsis muaj peev xwm coj disapproved thiab txhob txwm tshaj tawm yus cov ntaub ntawv.

Aggressiveness - siab phem ua si

Aggressiveness nyob rau hauv lub txhua hnub nco qab - ib tug yaj ntawm cov ntsiab lus raws li "siab phem ua si". Txawm li cas los, puas cwj pwm nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tsis muaj lub "siab phem". Nws ua rau xws li ib tug vim li cas kev ua si, uas yog, qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua tau hais tias, thiab qhov no ua si yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw. Action zaum yuav tshwm sim yuav zoo sib xws, tab sis lub motivational Cheebtsam li no yog ncaj qha rov qab.

Ob hom aggression

Aggression yuav tau muab cais los ntawm cov saum no, mus rau hauv 2 hom. Thawj - motivational aggression li nws tus kheej-muaj nqis. Qhov thib ob hom ntawm aggression - ib lub cuab tam, pom raws li ib tug txhais tau tias. Nws yog to taub hais tias ob leeg yuav muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm peb nco qab, thiab tsis tau nws. Ntxiv mus, ob cov hom yog txuam nrog rau lub siab lub ntsws yaam puab paub xws li kev npau taws thiab kev ua siab phem.

Psychologists thiab cov kws xav nyob rau hauv ntau raws nraim motivational aggression, xam tau tias yog raws li ib tug manifestation ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov tug tendencies xam qhovkev rau hauv tus neeg. Yog hais tias koj txiav txim seb cov theem ntawm no tiam sis, nws yuav tau mus heev meej twv seb qhov yuav tshwm ntawm ib tug neeg qhib motivational aggression. Ib tug xws li diagnostic cov txheej txheem yog precisely cov lus nug ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txaus siab rau peb, twb tsim nyob rau hauv 1957 los ntawm American soj ntsuam, uas yog hu ua tom qab lub xeem.

Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky

Nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws cov kev tshawb fawb, qhov no daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas yog ntau. Lawv tau paub tseeb hais tias nws cov high ntseeg thiab kev siv. Thiab nyob rau hauv domestic ua hauj lwm siv lus nug ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky. Vib this no siv, nyob rau hauv particular, SN Yenikolopov nyob rau hauv 1989. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv domestic kuaj ntawm nws standardization cov ntaub ntawv yog tsis tau muaj npe.

Zaum nco ntsoov tias cov qauv ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky rau diagnosing Aggressiveness nyob rau hauv qhov kev xeem ntawm qhov teeb meem no yog tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tej yam motivational distortion. Cov lus teb tej zaum yuav nyob ntawm seb, piv txwv li, lub installation ntawm tus txiv neej nws tus kheej, los ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo desirability. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov neeg ntawm cov kev tshwm sim nyob kuj nyob rau hauv lub degree ntawm kev cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv lub kev sib raug zoo thiab puas siab puas ntsws xeem, thaum uas siv cov Tsaus-ntses bass thaj tsam cov txheej txheem rau qhov mob ntawm Aggressiveness. Yog li ntawd, cov tau yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam rau retest ntseeg los ntawm ntau txoj kev. Cov kev siv cov lus nug no nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv uas cov tub ntxhais kawm (los ntawm qib 6 thiab saum toj no) thiab cov xib fwb yog heev diagnosticity thiab constructive rau ntxiv daws cov teeb meem ua hauj lwm. Tam sim no, cov qauv ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky lug siv. Lub hom phiaj ntawm nws daim ntawv thov peb tau kawm, nws yog tam sim no tsim nyog los mus txiav txim qhov yooj yim cov kev cai.

Qho uas txawv ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev phem thiab aggression

A. Ntses bass thaj tsam, rebounding los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws predecessors, tau txawv lub tswvyim ntawm phem thiab aggression. Ua ntej nws txhais raws li ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj qhov tsis zoo kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov txheej xwm thiab cov neeg, tsis zoo siab. Txoj kev ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm aggression ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky qhia ntau yam zoo ntawm lub ntau yam ces phem thiab aggression. Hom kev tshua uas zaum tau cais nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, raws li nram no.

hom ntawm cov lus teb

1. Physical aggression, uas yog, qhov siv ntawm lwm tus neeg tiv thaiv lub cev ua phem.

2. Indirect tswj lug rau lwm tus neeg los yog tsis qhia rau leej twg.

3. voos, piv txwv li kam yuav tsum tau zoo siab heev nyob rau slightest tsis zoo txoj kev xav. Nws kuj yuav txhais tau hais tias yog tsis paub, luv luv npau taws.

4. negativism sawv cev rau lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv oppositional tus cwj pwm. Nws yuav manifest nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, los ntawm passive kuj mus tua cov kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai.

5. resentment, uas yog, kev khib los yog ntxub rau lwm tus neeg rau tej yam, xav txog tej yam los yog tiag tiag.

6. Sijhawm twg los, uas muaj peev xwm sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub chav saib xyuas thiab tsis sib ntseeg ntawm cov neeg mus rau txoj kev ntseeg hais tias lawv yog siv los yog kev npaj kev tsim txom.

7. Lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv - cov lus aggression. Nws yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm tsis zoo xav ob ntawm lus teb (ntshai heev txawm, curses), thiab los ntawm daim ntawv (squeal, quaj).

8. kev txhaum nruab nrab yog ib tug ua tau tib neeg txoj kev ntseeg hais tias nws yog ib tug neeg txom nyem uas incorrectly tau txais. Qhov no kuj muaj xws li lub tu siab muaj los ntawm lawv.

Ua kom tiav qhov kev piav qhia ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam-Tsaus, nco ntsoov tias cov lus nug muaj 75 neeg pab leg ntaubntawv. Lawv yuav tsum raug kom meej meej teb yog "yes" los yog "tsis tau." Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm no soj ntsuam degree ntawm Aggressiveness tib neeg. Peb tig tam sim no rau cov qauv ntawm cov txhais lus ntawm cov kev tshwm sim.

txhais lus ntawm tau

Ua caag ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky tsis muaj teeb meem loj. Yog muaj lus nug yog formulated kom lawv tsuas yog ib daim ntawv ntawm aggression. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kev soj ntsuam ntawm ib tug txheej txheem ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky yooj yim los txhais lus rau lwm cov laj thawj uas tej yam uas pej xeem pom zoo los ntawm ib tug tshaj plaws cov lus teb yog tsis muaj zog txaus.

Cai Aggressiveness raws Rogovu E. I., - tus nqi ntawm nws cov Performance index, uas yog sib npaug zos rau 21 ± 4. Raws li heev, nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ntau 6,5-7 ± 3. Tsav Hvana A. A. ib tug me ntsis ntau tham, tab sis nws tsis yog heev tham txoj kev mus kawm ntawv xws aggression li txoj kev ntawm ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky. Txhais lus ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm Hvanu A. A. tom ntej no. Nyoo qhab nees, tua nkag rau txhua teev, yuav tsum tau khoo los ntawm cov coefficient. Nws lub hom phiaj - mus coj ib puas qhab nias nyiaj pab ntau tshaj qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua teev, uas muaj ib tug qauv ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam-Darky rau diagnosing Aggressiveness.

Txhais lus, txawm li cas los, yog tsis nkaus muaj tseeb. Siv tus qauv no, koj yuav tsum to taub hais tias aggression, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg, raws li tau zoo raws li aggression, to taub raws li ib tug ua los ntawm kev coj cwj pwm yuav tsum tau ntsum xyuas xwb nyob rau hauv lub hlwb tsom xam ntawm tag nrho cov kev xav tau-motivational kheej ntawm tus neeg. Txwv tsis pub, cov kev tshwm sim tej zaum yuav tsis muaj tseeb. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no (Bass-lus nug lub Tsaus) yog siv ua ke nrog lwm tus neeg, xws li projective hom kev kawm (e.g., Lusher) thiab cwm pwm kuaj txawv puas siab puas ntsws tej yam kev mob (Spielberg, Cattell).