TsimScience

Plaub-dimensional qhov chaw

Niaj hnub no, txhua txhua schoolchild paub tias qhov chaw nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog ib tug neeg, peb-dimensional, uas yog, nws muaj peb qhov ntev: ntev, dav thiab qhov siab. Tab sis li cas yog plaub-dimensional chaw? Yog hais tias peb kawm tsis tau tsuas yog lub spatial txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub cev, tab sis kuj yuav ua li cas nws hloov lub sij hawm, uas yog, dab uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv peb-dimensional qhov chaw, muaj ib tug ntau coordinate - lub sij hawm. Plaub-dimensional thiab muaj peb spatial thiab ib sab nqaij daim tawv coordinates. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, physicists thiab philosophers hais lus ntawm ib tug tib qhov chaw-lub sij hawm pab. Lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw yog sib xyaw. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lawv yuav tshwm sim li sib txawv ntawm cov plaub-dimensional space-time.

Plaub-dimensional qhov chaw raws li ib tug kev sib sau ntawm lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw muaj ib qho kev nthuav cov khoom uas yog ib lub txim ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity ntawm Einstein. Nws cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias muaj tus mus kom ze cov kev ceev ntawm lub cev mus rau lub teeb nws maj mam ntws lub sij hawm, thiab lub cev xwb yog txo nyob rau hauv loj.

Xav txog tej yam ib tug plaub-dimensional qhov chaw nyuaj heev. Thaum peb muaj nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, kos ib tug ca geometric duab, nws ho tsis pom muaj tej kev nyuaj - lawv yog cov ob-seem (muaj ib tug dav thiab ntev). Nws yog yooj yim dua mus rau kos thiab sawv cev rau lub peb-dimensional shapes - cones, pyramids, thooj voos kheej kheej thiab tshaj. Thiab xav txog tej yam ib tug plaub-dimensional daim duab yog heev yooj yim txawm mus rau lej thiab physics.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lub tswvyim ntawm "plaub-dimensional qhov chaw" tsim nyog los siv tau rau. Theoretical physicists siv lub tswvyim ntawm plaub-dimensional space-time raws li ib lub cuab tam nyob rau hauv cov lus teb, tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no plaub-dimensional geometry.

Ziag Einstein hais tias lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm lub cev ua rau kom lub curvature nyob ib ncig ntawm nws plaub-dimensional space-time. Nws yog tsis yooj yim yuav pom tau cov "dab tsi" space-time, thiab distorted - txawm ntau nyuaj. Tab sis theoretical physicist, los yog kev ua lej thiab tsis tas yuav xa dab tsi. Curvature ntawm lawv es rau hloov geometrical thaj chaw ntawm lub cev los yog rho los. Piv txwv li, lub circumferential ntev hais txog nws txoj kab uas hla nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau li cov 3,14, thiab qhov no yog tsis muaj tseeb rau cov nkhaus nto. Tseem curvature ntawm plaub-dimensional chaw theorized nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thib kaum cuaj xyoo pua Lavxias teb sab mathematician Nikolai Lobachevsky. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-puas tawm xyoo dhau, lub German mathematician Riemann pib mus tshawb cov "nkhaus" qhov chaw tsis tsuas yog peb qhov ntev, tab sis plaub, thiab ces tej naj npawb ntawm cov qhov ntev. Txij li thaum lub geometry ntawm nkhaus qhov chaw no yog hu ua tsis yog-Euclidean. Cov founders uas tsis yog-Euclidean geometry tsis paub tias xyov nyob rau hauv dab tsi tej yam kev mob yuav pab tau lawv geometry. Cov zauv apparatus, uas lawv tsim, twb tom qab siv nyob rau hauv lub formulation ntawm lub tuam Relativity (general Relativity).

Einstein taw tes qhia tawm ib qho kev nthuav cov nyhuv, hais txog lub sij hawm: ib tug haib gravitational teb, lub sij hawm yuav ntws qeeb qeeb tshaj sab nraum nws. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub hnub yuav qeeb qeeb tshaj nyob rau ntiaj teb, vim hais tias cov kev quab yuam ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm lub hnub yog ntau tshaj cov kev quab yuam los ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Tib yam vim li lub moos ntawm ib tug tej yam siab saum toj no rau lub ntiaj teb mus ib me ntsis sai dua rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm peb ntiaj chaw.

Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau tag nrho ntawm science muaj tus zaum qhib lub thaj chaw ntawm lub sij hawm, raws li cov slowdown nyob rau hauv nws cov nyob ze neutron hnub qub, tsis txhob sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub "dub qhov", lub hypothetical tau "hloov" nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab lub sij hawm ntawm qhov rov qab txheej txheem.

Sab nraum ntawm lub gravitational teb zoo nkaus li li ntawd, hu ua qhov chaw - cov ib puag ncig nyob rau hauv uas tus quab yuam ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm lub cev, los yog tsis ua, los yog ua heev tsis muaj zog piv rau lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov hnub qub yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab feem ntau ntawm nws muaj qhov chaw dawb.

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