Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov kev ua si "Lub Lower Depths" Gorky

Txhua playwright xav tsim ib daim uas yuav nyiam tsis tau tsuas yog nws lub contemporaries tab sis kuj rau yav tom ntej tiam. Nyob twj ywm yam rau xyoo yuav tsuas ua hauj lwm uas yog ib co ntsiab lus, qhia peb ib yam dab tsi uas qhia tsis kaj lub siab haiv neeg daws kev cov teeb meem. Nws yog zoo li no tej hauj lwm muaj xws li cov kev ua si "Lub Lower Depths".

Keeb kwm ntawm ua yeeb yam sau ntawv

Los ntawm Maksima Gorkogo "Lub Lower Depths" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1902. Nws twb sau rau cov troupe ntawm lub Moscow Art Theatre pej xeem. Qhov no daim muaj ib tug heev yooj yim txoj hmoo: nws tau tiv dhau bans thiab censorship, thiaj li muaj ntau lub xyoo tsis poob ntsiag to sib cav tswv yim hais txog nws cov ideological cov ntsiab lus, artistic originality. Drama qhuas thiab thuam, tab sis tsis muaj ab tsi mus rau nws tsis coj ib tug. Creation ntawm cov kev ua si "Lub Lower Depths" yog laborious ua hauj lwm rau nws ib tug txawj sau ntawv pib nyob rau hauv 1900 thiab twb tau ob xyoos xwb tom qab.

Nyob rau hauv ua yeeb yam Gorky kos mloog nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua thaum ntxov. Nws yog ces hais tias nws muab nws lub tswv yim nrog Stanislavsky bosyatskuyu tsim ib tug ua si nyob rau hauv uas nws yuav hais txog ob lub kaum os lam. Tus sau nws tus kheej tsis paub dab tsi yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub zoo zoo nws twb tsis suav, piav nws txoj hauj lwm raws li ua tsis tau tejyam, nrog ib tug tsis muaj zog zajlus, outdated.

Lub ntsiab cim ntawm cov ua yeeb yam

Keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm cov kev ua si "Lub Lower Depths" yog heev prosaic. Maxim Gorky xav nws tham txog lawv cov tswvyim ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ibyam. Los ntawm "Tej qub neeg" cov txawj sau ntawv hais txog tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov neeg ntawm doss tsev, proletarians thiab pilgrims, tab sis kuj intellectuals uas tu siab rau lub neej, cov neeg raug ua hauj lwm. Muaj tiag tiag prototypes ntawm lub ntsiab cim.

Yog li, lub keeb kwm ntawm cov kev ua si "Lub Lower Depths" qhia rau peb hais tias cov duab ntawm tus kws Bubnov tsim los ntawm combining paub cim tus loj leeb thiab nws tus kws qhia ntawv-kev txawj ntse. Actor Gorky sau tawm nrog tus actor-Kolosovsky Sokolovsky, thiab cov dab neeg Claudia Gross twb borrowed duab ntawm Nastia.

Lub sib ntaus tawm tsam censorship

Ib tug ntau ntawm lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau muab siv rau muab kev tso cai rau lub staging ntawm cov kev ua si. Tus sau defended txhua kab ntawm heroes, txhua kab ntawm nws tsim yaam tshab. Nws thiaj li tso cai tau tso cai, tab sis tsuas yog rau lub Moscow Art Theatre. Keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm cov kev ua si "Lub Lower Depths" yog yooj yim, Gorky nws tus kheej tsis ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv nws cov kev vam meej, thiab cov tub ceev xwm ua ib daim ntawv qhia, hoping rau ib tug loj tsis ua hauj lwm. Tab sis txhua yam muab tawm raws nraim cov lus rov: cov kev ua si yog ib tug resounding kev vam meej, nws mob siab rau ib tug enormous nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ntawv xov xwm, tus sau dua lub caij mus rau lub scene, applauding nws ib cov ovation thoob.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov kev ua si "Lub Lower Depths" yog notable rau lub fact tias Gorky tsis sai li sai paub nrog nws lub npe. Cov ua yeeb yam tau raug sau, tab sis raws li hais, tus sau tsis tau txiav txim siab. Ntawm cov paub variants featured hauv qab no: "Yog tsis muaj hnub", "Hmo ntuj chaw nyob," "Tom qab ntawm lub neej", "Doss tsev", "hauv qab". Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua nyob rau hauv ib tug Moscow ua yeeb yam kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev ua si yog tau nyob rau hauv lub npe "Tus Lower Depths". Txawm nws yog, tiam sis cov ua yeeb yam tau zoo txais los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv Russia, tiam sis kuj txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1903 nyob rau hauv Berlin, lub premiere ntawm cov kev ua si. Cov ua yeeb yam tau raug ua si 300 lub sij hawm, thiab nws ua tim khawv rau lub unprecedented kev vam meej.