Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes: tus emergence thiab kev kawm

Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes, zoo li tej daim duab daim ntawv no, yog nyob rau hauv lub seev cev lus dab neeg. Feem ntau cov yuav, cov no twb kev cai dab qhuas (tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov seev cev) thiab gaming ( "pereplyas", "Kuma, nyob qhov twg muaj" thiab thiaj on.) Dance. Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes yog tsis tsuas muab khaws cia tseg rau tag nrho cov aesthetic canons, tab sis kuj los ua ib tug legislator nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tus neeg dhia tes.

headwaters

Nyob rau hauv Kievan Rus 'ntawm lub lem ntawm VIII-IX centuries, tau pib tshwm sim thawj dancers, cov tub txawg nyob rau hauv lawv cov teb - clowns ... Tom qab ib tug thaum, thaum lub capital yog Moscow, clowns tsis tas cov txiv neej.

Nyob rau hauv XV-XVI centuries funny spectacle entertainers nrog ntsej muag muab zais nrog qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, thiaj li hu ua "mashkarami" phimhwj thiab xav tsis thoob los mus saib xyuas neeg txawv teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes cim qhib nyob rau hauv dab ros lub palace ntawm lub Kremlin Theatre. Raws li tus tsim kev lig kev cai, txhua nqe lus nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam yog ib txwm ua tiav mezhdusenyami (tshwj xeeb outputs tus neeg dhia tes). Cov thiaj li hu ua cij ua los ntawm cov txiv neej hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv pompous garments. Lam tsom ib co ntsiab ntawm ballroom seev cev.

Lub Tsar lub kev lom zem

Tus thawj full-scale ballets nyob rau hauv Russia yog suav tias yog ib tug ua tau zoo tauj Lub ob hlis ntuj 8, 1673. Nws tshwm sim ib tug tseem ceeb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, thiab nws tau hu ua "tus neeg dhia tes ntawm Orpheus thiab Eurydice." Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes piav nws raws li ib tug ua haujlwm ceremonious postures, qeeb seev cev, bows thiab zaus. Nruab nrab ntawm lub lam hais cim hais lus thiab hu nkauj. Tag nrho cov no yog ib tug me ntsis zoo li ib tug tiag tiag theatrical kev txiav txim. Nws tsuas yog ib tug muaj koob muaj npe lom zem, enticing nws tsis paub tseeb.

Meanwhile, Gregory I., lub organizer ntawm cov ua yeeb yam, caw Nicola Lima miv kev kawm cob qhia rau cov theatrical txawj ntawm tus huab tais ntawm cov ua yeeb yam. Thaum xub thawj, cov 10 cov me nyuam ntawm noble burghers, ces mus rau 20, tau ntse kawm thiab tsom tus huab tais ntawm lub tsev hais plaub tus neeg dhia tes ua tau zoo "Orpheus" nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis style.

Cov hauj lwm set

Tsuas yog tom qab ib tug peb lub hlis twg ntawm ib tug ib puas xyoo, Peter kuv, muaj tswj kho cov kev cai lub neej ntawm Russia, nws coj mus rau lub neej ntawm Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg cov suab paj nruag thiab seev cev. Nws txiav txim siab ua kev qhuab qhia txog kev kos duab cov neeg tseem ceeb strata ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm St. Petersburg. Ua li no, Peter Kuv kaw qhov Moscow ua yeeb yam Alexei Mikhailovich thiab luam tawm ib tug revolutionary cai. Qhov no tsim tej kev cai rau cov rooj sib txoos yuav tsum tau tag nrho cov tsoom fwv cov koom haum qhia ballroom dancing tsis tau swb. Cov kho tau ua rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm dancing tswv unattainable siab. Hais tias yog dab tsi THAWJ TSWJ sibtham tus neeg dhia tes yuam ua hauj lwm zoo li nyob rau hauv tus neeg dhia tes seev cev tsiv los ntawm txawv teb chaws, nrhav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiab ntawm cov teb chaws Slavonic seev cev.

Sau V. Krasovskaja ( "Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes" - LA Art, 1978) ntseeg hais tias kev loj hlob thiab categorically Peter Kuv nyob rau hauv lub palace halls tau tuav ua yeeb yam ntawm tus neeg dhia tes troupes, musicians thiab opera hu nkauj caw los ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Thaum pib ntawm 1738, lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm tus neeg dhia tes raug txhim tsa hauv lub teb chaws, uas tau ua, nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv, cov thawj. Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes luv luv qhia txog lub sij hawm no. Kawm Ntawv Tiav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neeg dhia tes tuam txhab uas muag txawv teb chaws neeg raug foob nyob rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua yeeb yam (nraug seev, hu nkauj ua ke). Nws yog tsuas npaum li cas tom qab ntawd lawv tau txais mus rau lub ntsiab ob tog.

Tus thawj txoj kev kawm

Cov menyuam txaj ntawm niaj hnub tus neeg dhia tes historians xav txog lub teb chaws Gentry Corps. Nws ua hauj lwm rau tus naas ej Zhan Batist Landzh, uas nrog nws cov tub kawm muab tso rau peb lub tsev hais plaub ballets. Raws li keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes, lawv ua zoo tus thawj tus neeg dhia tes ua yeeb yam, tag nrho cov cai lij choj thiab cov kev cai ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv Academy ntawm Dance nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis capital.

Gentry Corps Kawm ua tub rog coj ib feem nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm, poluharakternom lyrical thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm qhia ib phau ntawv dab neeg dhia tes troupes los ntawm ltalis Thess.

Elizabeth kuv, nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis mus poob rau hauv lub kawm dhia tes dancers, qhib nws tus kheej kev seev cev lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Nws Majesty, cov thawj txheej ntawm cov uas twb 12 cov me nyuam ntawm commoners.

Los ntawm kawg ntawm 1742, lub Empress kos npe cai mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug neeg dhia tes troupe ntawm Lavxias teb sab dancers. Nws yog muaj hais tias lit thawj Lavxias teb sab hnub qub - kev tus neeg dhia tes dancers: Aksinya Baskakov thiab Athanasius Toporkov.

Tawm tuag kawg

Tuag Baptiste lub teb chaws theem tsis meej pem nyob rau hauv lub choreography ua lag ua luam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Kev nthuav qhia, uas sau Thexalaunikes, yog tib hom thiab boring burlesques. Cov tuav tsis nyiam xws productions.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes luv luv piav hais tias lub sij hawm. Thaum lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe muaj yog ib lo lus nug nyob rau hauv kho kom zoo ntawm lub choreographic cov ntaub ntawv. Rousseau thiab Cinq-Mars yuav tsum tau tus neeg dhia tes dancers kom tshem tau ntawm lush robes thiab qhov ncauj qhov ntswg rau wigs. Diderot xav kom hloov storylines tus neeg dhia tes ua yeeb yam. Meanwhile, Dzhon Uiver, tsis tos rau lub zuag qhia tag nrho kev hloov, poses ib tug seev cev kev ua tau zoo muaj kev txawj xav zaj dabneeg, thiab Zhorzh Nover sau legendary "Cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov seev cev."

Tsis deb tom qab thiab lub Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes. Cov tsos ntawm Hilferding - ntawv pov thawj. Qhov no German tus kws tsau narrative choreography nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nyob rau hauv Paris zaj dabneeg ballets nyob tsuas yog 15 xyoo tom qab. Hilferding pab Leopold vaj. Los ntawm 50 th xyoo ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua, lawv tsim ib qho kev ywj tus neeg dhia tes plays.

Pib ua txoj productions

Tus thawj ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes belongs A. P. Sumarokovu. Nws nce qhuas seev cev ua yeeb yam, tej kev sau ntawv hauv paus tsim tus neeg dhia tes ua yeeb yam "qhov chaw nkaum ntawm virtue" thiab "Tshiab Monastery".

Gasparo Anzhiolini caw King choreographer, nce lub qhov ci ntawm lub Slavic pej xeem song notok txo nws hwj tus neeg dhia tes ua "kev lom zem rau Christmas lub sij hawm." Catherine II heev extolled sawv cev. Nyob rau hauv 1779, lub Legislative Commission en Banc pom zoo tus neeg dhia tes, lub suab paj nruag rau cov uas twb sau rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Slavic lus dab neeg.

Tom qab xws li ib tug zoo kawg li zoo Anzhilini tsiv mus rau entertaining theatrical productions, uas ua kev lom zem ntawm cov tshuaj pleev kawm. Qhov no twb ua eulogies suab nrov: "Lub Triumph ntawm Russia" (touted yeej lub Turkish tub rog ntawm Cahul thiab Larga), "Tus Tshiab Argonauts" (glorious Ode rau lub fleet ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws) thiab "yeej meem" (microscopic tom tsim ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rampant smallpox).

thawj heroic tus neeg dhia tes ua tau zoo "Semira" me ntsis tau yav tas los tauj. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd choreographers tau them zoo mloog mus rau cov expressiveness ntawm ib tug neeg dhia tes seev cev. Rau cov dancers nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav ua tau tibneeg hu tauj coob thiab txaus luag opera ua yeeb yam ntawm uas tsis yog-lub xeev theaters, thiab nyob rau hauv lub pseudo-operatic qhia tau hais tias, cov libretto uas tus empress nws tus kheej muaj.

Rau cov tshiab 1778 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg (raws li lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes, cov phau ntawv vividly piav no cov cim tshwm sim) tos saib twb ob theaters: coj mus muag "Free Theatre" thiab lub tsev hais plaub.

Tus thawj fortification pawg

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XVIII caug xyoo, lub zam yog lug tau sai dlua kos duab rau ntawm cov seev cev. Thiab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1773 nyob rau hauv lub tutelage ntawm Leopold lub Vaj Kaj Siab nyob rau hauv lub capital rau lub hauv paus ntawm ntsuag qhib thawj kev kawm center, uas tom qab tau los ua tus thawj pej xeem ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv cov thawj txheej muaj 60 cov me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv thawj choreographic kev kawm los ntawm Cosimo lom Maddox, nws hais tias nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv Yu Bakhrushin.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes, kawm thiab piav txog lawv nyob rau hauv zoo meej, full-bodied qhib lub sij hawm no, kos duab rau ntawm cov seev cev. Maddox nrog ib pab neeg ntawm cov tub ntxhais, kawm nyob rau hauv Russia, dancers staged ib tug comic opera, choreography nplooj siab rau tiag tiag cov txheej xwm (piv txwv li, "Tus Tos mus ntawm Ochakovo"), thiab Divertimenti.

Tiv thaiv no tom qab, sai sai pib los tsim ib tug serf ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua nws tau zoo-paub loj collective serf lam. Tej pab pawg tau Zorich Golovkin, Apraksin, Sheremetyevo, Potemkin thiab lwm yam cov tswv av.

Cov tib lub sij hawm tau pom txoj kev loj hlob thiab formulation ntawm cov poj niam seev cev txheej txheem thiab artistic tsim los sawv cev rau lub scene. Muaj yog ib tug tshiab kev lig kev cai cev nqaij daim tawv nyob rau hauv cov theem scene, cov scenery yog sau nyob rau hauv ib tug tiag style, siv qhov kev ua si ib nrab-ntxoov ntxoo thiab lub teeb.

Lub triumph ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes ntawm 19-20 centuries yog tag nrho thiab ntau yam. By pib ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua tus neeg dhia tes kos duab achieves lub kom loj hlob ntawm uas yog menyuam los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Lavxias teb sab ballerina paub mus rau hauv choreography lightness, noble thiab kev paub qhia lo. Nws yog heev aptly ntawv ceeb toom A. S. Pushkin, piav txog txoj kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov seev cev tsiv ntawm nws lub contemporaries, lub hnub qub ntawm lub tus neeg dhia tes scene, Istomin: "Ntsuj tag nrho ntawm lub davhlau" (cov kab lus tau ua synonymous nrog lub tus neeg dhia tes). Nws lub ntsej muag qhia thiab elegance ntawm cov seev cev taw admired. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg saib mus raws nraim rau Avdotya Istomin.

Tsis muaj tsawg zoo nkauj twb Lihutina Anastasia, Catherine Teleshova, Danilova Mariya.

Tus neeg dhia tes ua yeeb yam no nkag mus rau hauv tej chaw. Tus neeg dhia tes seev cev, raws li ib daim duab, nws yog najnpawb, thiab nws tseg lub xeev subsidies.

Los ntawm newfangled tshaj "realism" ntawm lub 60th xyoo ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, lub keeb kwm kev cai cov neeg tseem ceeb yog them. Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam teebmeem los. Txog rau lub choreographies, nws muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv lub primitivism ntawm lub storyline, uas kho ib yam seev cev. Dancers uas tau mus txog perfection, muaj las voos nyob rau hauv muaj tiag productions.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes mus rau ib theem tshiab. Lub rooj txhawb siab pib nrog Petra Chaykovskogo, uas tau sau cov suab paj nruag rau cov thawj choreographic productions. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm tus neeg dhia tes, rau thawj lub sij hawm music tau ua raws li ib qho tseem ceeb raws li cov seev cev. Thiab txawm nyob rau ntawm ib par nrog opera suab paj nruag thiab symphonic compositions. Yog hais tias lub suab paj nruag rau Tchaikovsky sau nyob rau hauv lub seev cev hais, tam sim no ib tug neeg dhia tes actor plasticity, zog thiab kev tshav ntuj nws nrhiav kev cov suab paj nruas mus ob peb vas thiab tig tau, dua li mus pab tus tuav mus rau unravel daim zajlus, teem los ntawm lub composer tus sau ntawv. Lub ntiaj teb no tseem admires tus naas ej "Swan Lake."

Choreographer Gorsky coj nyob rau hauv productions ntawm kev kawm cov ntsiab ntawm cov kev taw qhia, kuv tau pib them zoo mloog mus rau cov artistic framing lub scene, ntseeg hais tias tus tuav yuav tsum tau tag nrho raus nyob rau hauv dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau theem. Nws forbade siv ntawm tsis tham lus hais. Radically hloov qhov teeb meem no Fokine. Nws revived cov romantic tus neeg dhia tes thiab coj lub cev lus ntawm cov seev cev thiab meej cov lus qhia. Raws li Fokin, txhua npe nrov nyob rau theem yuav tsum cim. Xws li lub suab paj nruag, seev cev style thiab qauv yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb mus rau ib tug kev pom. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub XX xyoo pua ntawv ceeb toom cia nws ntau lawm "Iyiv Nights," "Tus Tuag os dej dawb", "midsummer Hmo ntuj tus npau suav," "Acis thiab Galatea" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nyob rau hauv 1908 Diaghilev S. P. Fokin caw los ua ib tug loj tus thawj coj ntawm lub Parisian "Lavxias teb sab Seasons". Nrog rau qhov no caw Fokin los ua lub ntiaj teb no-nrov. Ib tug Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes ntxias steel txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv kev kovyeej los ua nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis capital. Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes dancers qhuas Lavxias teb sab troupe, nws lub npe yog lub npe hu tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no: Adolf Bolm, Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky, etc. Thiab nws yog thaum lub sij hawm poob ntawm European tus neeg dhia tes.!

Diaghilev coj ib lub caij nyoog thiab yeej. Nws sau ib troupe ntawm cov tub ntxhais thiab feemxyuam tus neeg dhia tes lam thiab muab lawv ib tug dawb tes. Pub rau koj khiav lag luam sab nraum lub moj khaum ntawm lub paub, uas muab tso rau tus naas ej, tab sis twb heev qub Petipa.

Txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev txiav txim enabled cov dancers mus nrhiav tau thiab nthuav qhia lawv tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov revolutionary nrhav Diaghilev attracted rau dai lub npe nrov tshaj ntxias ntawm nws lub contemporaries (Jean Cocteau, A. Derain, Picasso) thiab composers (K. Debissi, Ravel, Stravinsky). Tam sim no txhua txhua tus neeg dhia tes ntau lawm yog ib tug masterpiece.

Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, ntau dancers thiab choreographers tshuav breakaway Lavxias teb sab. Tab sis lub caj qaum yuav. Maj mam ua los ze zog rau cov neeg Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes. Nplooj ntawv ntawm keeb kwm qab tus txiav txim siab ... saib ntau

Tom qab rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XX xyoo pua, dancers thiab choreographers ntawm tus tshiab tiam rov qab mus rau lub scene thumbnail tsis nco qab lawm las voos, symphony thiab tus neeg dhia tes nyob rau hauv ib tug ua. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov studios thiab ua yeeb yam tau tas li loj hlob.

"Lub no qhia", ballerina, tus neeg dhia tes critic

Lub npe nrov Lavxias teb sab ua las voos Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya tuaj mus nyob rov qab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, Cuaj hlis 11, 1915. Tom qab high school nws nkag mus hauv thiab nyob rau hauv 1933 ntse kawm tiav los ntawm lub Leningrad Choreographic School. Nws kawm ntawm tus naas ej Vaganova Agrippina. Los ntawm lub sij hawm uas mus 1941 Krasovskaja ua hauj lwm pab ua yeeb yam. Kirov. Nws yog tibneeg hu tauj coob nyob rau hauv lub ballets ntawm kev kawm repertoire.

Nyob rau hauv 1951, Vera M. kawm tiav los ntawm kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Leningrad Theatre lub koom haum. Ostrovsky, tom qab yooj yim kev kawm nyob rau kws qhia ntawv ntawm ua yeeb yam.

kev tsev kawm ntawv tau txais Krasouskaya thawj nyob rau hauv ib chav kawm ntawv ntawm Agrippina Vaganova, ces postnovkah tus neeg dhia tes ntawm cov Mariinsky ua yeeb yam, nrog ib tug wealth ntawm kev paub txog encyclopedic scale, aristocratic, kev cai cov kev cai thiab stunning hais kom ua ntawm cov lus (Fabkis thiab lus Askiv), uas nws ua ib tug ci ntsa iab thiab twv yuav raug hu cov coob tus neeg dhia tes kos duab critic.

Nyob rau hauv 1998, qhov zoo xov xwm kis tau thoob plaws hauv lub ua yeeb yam lub ntiaj teb no. Hwm "Triumph" yeej Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya. Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes, uas nws tau piav nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv (ib co ntawm lawv txhais ua lwm hom lus) thiab cov khoom (300) raws li cov kos duab keeb kwm thiab critic, ua Vera Mikhailovna khiav ntawm lub free "Triumph" Lavxias teb sab Award. Qhov no nqi zog yog muab rau lub siab tshaj plaws ua tau nyob rau hauv kos duab thiab ntaub ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv 1999 Krasouskaya Vera Mikhailovna twb ploj mus.

epilogue

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes nrog gratitude khw muag khoom cov npe ntawm cov masters ntawm cov seev cev, uas ua ib tug enormous pab mus rau tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab choreography. Qhov no hais tsis zoo Didlo S., M. Petipa, A. Saint-Leon, S. Diaghilev, Fomin, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Ib tug txuj ci ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias kos duab thiab niaj hnub no attracts ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm viewers nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Yuav kom qhov no hnub, Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes tuam txhab uas muag pom tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.