Lub keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm computer technology

Computers tau ua ib tug yuav tsum. Lawv yog qhov txhia chaw: nyob rau hauv lub tsev, factories, chaw ua hauj lwm thiab lub tsheb ... peb tej zaum kuj tsis txawm xav hais tias, raws li deb raws li cov keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm computer technology yog multifaceted thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv keeb kwm hnub. Rau hnub tim, Muaj plaub tiam ntawm computers.

Tus thawj tiam yog ib tug loj (loj loj los ntawm hnub no tus qauv) siv lub tshuab. Tsuas yog cov ua hauj lwm ntawm lub German engineer Zuse (namely, nws tsim cov thawj computer nyob rau hauv 1941, tab sis tej hauj lwm tau poob), cov txwv zeej txwv koob hnub no lub computers yog ib tug "Mark-1" (1943). Qhov no tshuab yuav tsum tau ib tug lossis loj nrog thiab muaj 800 km ntawm cables, ntau tshaj 3,300 txhiab. Relays thiab consumed koj laij pua pua ntawm kilowatts ntawm hluav taws xob. Peb siv cov computers rau cov tub rog suav.

Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm lub computer tiam hom kev kawm kuv tsis tau pib nrog cov "Mark kuv». Nws pib hnub kaw nyob rau hauv 1946. Ces lub computer yuav ua raws li cov hluav taws xob lub tshuab nqus tsev hlab. Nws muaj xws li ib tug qauv ENIAC. Nyob rau hauv loj nws yog yuav luag ib yam li cov thawj, "Mark", tab sis featuring ib tug loj muaj peev xwm (ntau tshaj li ib txhiab lub sij hawm). Lub tsheb nres tau ib qho kev nthuav, haib, txoj, tab sis pab tsis tau yus. Mus nqa tawm ib tug xam yuav tsum tau rau ob peb teev nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nqa tawm tej yam switching cables. Tus ntaus ntawv yog kaw, thiab cov kev loj hlob ntawm computer technology ntxiv thiab ib cov tswvyim tshiab - "electronic Cheebtsam" uas yuav khiav lag luam ib lub computer. Base computer kuv tiam muaj capacitors, resistors thiab hluav taws xob lub tshuab nqus tsev hlab.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub computer cov khoom domestic ntau lawm pib nyob rau hauv 1951, ua tsaug rau SA Lebedev. Nws tag nrho cov pib nrog SECM, uas ua tom qab tas BESM-2. Ib me ntsis tom qab nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union yog lub feem ntau haib computer nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe tau raug tsim nrog lub npe ntawm tus M-20, uas yog feem ntau heev mus tawm ntawm lawv lub cev thiab yuav tsum tau kev pab ib tug txiav txim cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov engineers yog.

Qhov thib ob tiam ntawm computers pib nrog cov invention thiab siv cov thawj transistor. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd lub keeb kwm ntawm lub computer technology pib mus nce ib tug txawv kiag li ceev. Base computer los ua raws li semiconductor ntsiab. Lub transistor yog nyob rau hauv plaub caug lub sij hawm qhov kev kawm ntawm hluav taws xob teeb, compact thiab tsis tshua kim. Nws tau ua tau siv ib tug luam Circuit Court board. Nyob rau hauv 1965, Cov khoom Company qhia ib tug compact (!) Computer, qhov ntev ntawm uas yog me ntsis tsawg capacious fridge. Nws twb hu ua ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb PDP-8 thiab yog muaj nqis 20 txhiab. Las.

Thaum portable PDP-8, ras txhua leej txhua tus nrog nws kawm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm originates txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb-tiam computers (kawg ntawm 1960 - 70 xyoos). Qhov no yog vim txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov thawj kev Circuit Court (John Killebrew 1958). Nyob rau hauv pob zeb ntais wafer nyob transistors thiab lawv sib txuas. Productivity - los ntawm pua pua txhiab mus rau lab ntawm cov hauj lwm ib ob.

Nyob rau hauv 1968 lub xov xwm ntawm cov thawj kev Circuit Court computer - IBM-360. Nyob rau hauv 1970, Intel launches cov kev cim xeeb circuits. Txhua txhua xyoo kev kawm qhov chaw nce tsawg kawg yog ob zaug, cov circuitry cheeb tsam los yog tsis hloov, yog ua me me thiab. Qhov no muab ib tug impetus mus rau lub kev loj hlob ntawm cov plaub tiam ntawm computers.

Nyob rau hauv 1970, lub tuam txhab Intel (Marsciano Edward Hoff) constructs thawj analogue CPU loj computer. Nyob rau hauv 1970 nws mus rau cov muag khoom nyob rau hauv lub npe Intel-4004. Thaum lub loj ntawm 3 cm yog tsim peb computers "Mark II». Cov kev loj hlob ntawm Microprocessors mus haum sai sai, uas tso cai rau los mus tsim ib cov tswv yim xam cov cav tov uas tau siv rau typing, xam thiab simplifying accounting. Tsaug rau cov neeg zoo li S. thiab B. Cov hauj lwm Wozniak (founders ntawm lub «Kua Computer») keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm computer technology pib mus rau txoj kev no li yooj yim cov neeg siv. Tam sim no zoo tib yam neeg yuav ua li cas mus saib yuav ua li cas sai sai ua productivity, kev pab cuam tshiab, thiab tshaj. By kawg ntawm lub 70-ies kis ntawm tus kheej computers tau txais incredibly siab turnover. Tsaug rau lub active kev txiav txim thiab ib tug deft manipulation ntawm cov coj mus muag kev txaus siab ntawm loj tuam txhab, ib tug hluas American Bill Geyts tau ntse recaptures rau Microsoft txoj cai los ua software. Successful muas thiab raws sij hawm patenting ntawm software, xws li lub qhov rais, Microsoft ua ib tug txiav txim lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug paub tias cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm NWS technologies, xa koov-yeeb ncuab - Kua tuam txhab.

Qhov thib plaub tiam yog tsim rau hnub no. Lub keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm computer technology tseem. Niaj hnub nimno computers yog cov sib txawv xwb nyob rau hauv uas lub ntau yam processors yog siv rau ib tug tua ntxiv.