Lub neej thiab hauj lwm ntawm Bach

Los ntawm cov puv 19 xyoo pua thiab kom txog thaum lub hnub tam sim no tsis abate paj nyob rau hauv lub tej hauj lwm Ioganna Sebastyana Bach. Creativity unsurpassed ntse heev muaj feem xyuam rau nws loj. Qhov loj tshaj composer paub tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no. Nws lub npe yog lub npe hu tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov tub txawg thiab suab paj nruag lovers, tab sis kuj rau cov menyuam uas pom tau me ntsis kev txaus nyob rau hauv lub "loj" art. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, Bach yog ib tug tej yam tshwm sim. Lub composer kos rau qhov kev paub ntawm predecessors. Nws paub tias lub suab qw polyphony ntawm lub Renaissance, lub German hloov khoom nruab nrog suab paj nruag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Italian-style nkauj laus ncas. Nws kom huv si muaj cuab kav nrog cov khoom tshiab, tsim thiab generalized kev. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, Bach yog tus muaj kev innovator, uas muaj peev xwm qhib tau tshiab zeem muag rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov suab paj nruag. Creativity Ioganna Baha muaj ib tug nyhuv no: rau nws cov thwjtim: Brahms, Beethoven, Wagner, Glinka, Taneyev, Honegger, Shostakovich thiab ntau lwm yam zoo kawg composers.

Lub artistic cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Bach

Nws tau tsim ntau tshaj 1,000 tej hauj lwm. Lwm yam uas nws hais yog cov feem ntau ntau haiv neeg. Ntxiv mus, muaj xws li tej hauj lwm, cov teev uas yog exceptional rau lub sij hawm. Bach tus ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv plaub lub ntsiab pawg ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem:

• Hloov khoom nruab nrog suab paj nruag.
• Vocal thiab instrumental.
• Music rau ntau yam seev (violin, raj, piano thiab lwm tus).
• Music rau instrumental ntaus uake.

Compositions ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov saum toj no pawg xa mus rau ib lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv Weimar nws twb muaj li feem ntau mas hloov khoom nruab nrog compositions. Ketensky lub sij hawm qhab nia lub enormous tooj ntawm keyboard thiab orchestral tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv Leipzig, nws yog sau tshaj plaws suab thiab instrumental.

Johann Sebastian Bach. Biography thiab ua hauj lwm

Chaw yug ntawm lub composer nyob rau hauv 1685 nyob rau hauv lub zos me me ntawm Eisenach, nyob rau hauv ib tug suab paj nruas tsev neeg. Rau tag nrho nws yog ib yam ntawm cov tsoos professions. Tus thawj xib fwb ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm Johann yog nws txiv. Tus tub muaj ib tug yawm suab thiab hu nkauj nyob rau hauv lub hu nkauj ua ke. Thaum 9 xyoo nws yog ib tug me nyuam ntsuag. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws niam nws txiv coj Iogann Kristof (laus tus kwv tij). Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15, tus tub hluas kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv nrog honors Ordrufsky thiab tsiv mus rau Lüneburg, qhov uas nws pib hu nkauj nyob rau hauv lub hu nkauj ua ke ntawm lub "xaiv." Rau 17 xyoo nws kawm tau mus ua si qhov sib txawv seev: viola, harpsichord, hloov, nkauj laus ncas. Los ntawm 1703 nws tau nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos: Arnstadt, Weimar, Mühlhausen. Lub neej thiab hauj lwm ntawm Bach nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm twb tag nrho ntawm tej yam teeb meem. Nws yog lossi hloov qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob vim hais tias ntawm lub reluctance xav tias nyob rau ntawm cov neeg los yog lwm yam chaw ua hauj lwm. Nws tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug tshuab raj (xws li organist los yog violinist). Cov ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob ntawm nws lossi tsis txaus siab. Thaum lub sij hawm no muaj nws thawj compositions rau piano thiab hloov khoom nruab nrog, raws li zoo raws li sab ntsuj plig cantata.

Weimar lub sij hawm

Txij li thaum 1708 Bach pib mus ua hauj lwm raws li lub tsev hais plaub organist nyob rau hauv Weimar duke. Parallel ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj chamber tshuab raj. Lub neej thiab hauj lwm ntawm Bach nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no yog heev fruitful. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm thawj compositional kom loj hlob. Muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws hloov tej hauj lwm. Lawv yog:

• Prelude thiab Fugue nyob rau hauv c-Moll, a-Moll.
• Toccata C-dur.
• Passacaglia c-Moll.
• Toccata thiab Fugue nyob rau hauv d-Moll.
• "Hloov phau ntawv."

Johann Sebastian ib txhij ua hauj lwm rau hauv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cantata ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm transcriptions rau harpsichord Italian nkauj laus ncas concerts. Thawj kos rau ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub solo nkauj laus ncas sonatas thiab suites.

Ketensky lub sij hawm

Txij li thaum Tsaw Chaw 1717, tshuab raj tswm nyob rau hauv Köthen. Ntawm no nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug high-theem ncej ntawm lub taub hau ntawm chamber music. Nws, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog tswj tag nrho cov suab paj nruas lub neej nyob rau lub tsev hais plaub. Tab sis nws yog tsis txaus siab nrog ib yam nkaus thiab lub zos me me. Bach cog lus rau koj tsiv mus rau ib tug loj lub nroog thiab pheej muab lawv cov me nyuam lub sij hawm mus rau mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab tau txais ib tug zoo kev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv Köthen yog ib tug zoo lub cev twb ploj lawm li zoo Choir. Yog li ntawd, muaj muaj clavier Bach. Composer kuj them ntau xim rau khaub ncaws ntau suab paj nruag. Tej hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv Köthen:

• Volume 1 "Zoo-tempered Clavier".
• English Suite.
• Sonatas rau solo nkauj laus ncas.
• Fabkis Suites.
• "Brandenburg Concertos" (rau daim).
• "Chromatic Fantasia thiab Fugue".

Leipzig thiab thaum lub sij hawm tas los xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Txij li thaum 1723 lub Maestro lub neej nyob rau hauv Leipzig, qhov uas nws qhia qhov hu nkauj ua ke (tau txais kev pab raws li singer) nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau ntawm lub lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Thomas nyob rau hauv Tomasshule. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug vajvoog ntawm cov suab paj nruag lovers. "College" ntawm lub nroog lossi hosts concerts ntawm secular music. Yuav ua li cas masterpieces thaum lub sij hawm Iwj Bach? Luv luv nqi taw tes rau cov loj tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Leipzig lub sij hawm, uas muaj peev xwm rightly xam tau tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv yog:

• "St. John Mob siab".
• Pawg h-Moll.
• "St. Mathais mob siab rau".
• Hais txog 300 cantatas.
• "Christmas oratorio".

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, lub neej ntawm lub composer tsom rau cov suab paj nruas compositions. Nws sau hais tias:

• Volume 2 "Zoo-tempered Clavier".
• Italian Concerto.
• Partita.
• "Art ntawm lub Fugue."
• Aria nrog txawv variations.
• Hloov khoom nruab nrog pawg.
• "Suab paj nruas Thab".

Tom qab ib tug hai lag luam Bach mus qhov muag tsis pom, tab sis yeej tsis nres sau ntawv music kom txog rau thaum nws tuag.

yam ntxwv style

Style Bach twb tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ntau yam suab paj nruag tsev kawm ntawv thiab lwm yam. Johann Sebastian organically woven rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws harmonies. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub cov suab paj nruas lus ntawm Italian thiab Fabkis composers, nws hloov lawv compositions. Nws tsim yaam tshab twb tag nrho ntawm lyrics, rhythms thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Fabkis thiab Italian music, lub North German contrapuntal style, raws li zoo raws li lub Lutheran liturgy. Synthesis ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm yeej thiab lwm yam sib haum xeeb ua ke nrog ib tug sib sib zog nqus shrill tib neeg yaam puab paub. Nws suab paj nruas xav sawv tawm tshwj xeeb uniqueness, versatility thiab ib co cosmic. Bach Creativity hais txog ib tug style uas yog nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Qhov no siab Baroque classicism. Rau Bach lub suab paj nruas style yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm muaj extraordinary melodic systems, qhov twg lub suab paj nruag yog yeej los ntawm lub ntsiab lub tswv yim. Vim paub counterpoint kos duab tej zaum yuav INTERACTIONS ib txhij ob peb melodies. Lub German composer yog ib tug yeej muaj tseeb tus tswv ntawm polyphony. Nws muaj xam qhovkev nyiam improvise thiab ci ntsa iab virtuosity.

Lub ntsiab yam

Bach creativity muaj xws li ntau yam pa lwm yam. Lawv yog:

• Cantatas thiab oratorios.
• Mob siab rau thiab lub pawg.
• Preludes thiab Fugues.
• Lub suab qw ua.
• Dance Suite thiab concerts.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, teev lwm yam nws borrowed los ntawm nws predecessors. Txawm li cas los, nws tau muab lawv ib tug dav uas duav txhua yam. Maestro cleverly tshiab lawv nrog cov tshiab suab paj nruas thiab kev paub qhia lo txhais tau tias, nws enriched cov yam ntxwv ntawm lwm yam. Ib tug prime piv txwv yog lub "Chromatic Fantasia nyob rau hauv D muaj hnub nyoog." Artwork tsim rau lub clavier, tab sis muaj ib tug ua txoj recitation ntawm theatrical keeb kwm thiab kev paub qhia lo thaj chaw ntawm loj hloov khoom nruab nrog improvisations. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus pom tias Bach tus ua hauj lwm "spared" lub opera, uas, incidentally, yog ib tug ntawm cov uas lwm yam ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muaj ntau secular cantata composer tus nyuaj kom paub qhov txawv ntawm comedic interludes (lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv ltalis lawv regenerated nyob rau hauv opera buffa). Ib txhia ntawm Bach cantatas, tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub witty ib hom ntawv nyeem scenes, xav lub German Singspiel.

Lub ideological cov ntsiab lus thiab cov kab kev los ntawm cov dluab Ioganna Sebastyana Bach

lub composer lub creativity yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv nws cov paj lug rau cov ntsiab lus. Los ntawm tus cwj mem tawm ntawm tus tswv li ib tug tsis tshua yooj yim thiab tsis tshua muaj neeg pej xeem nrog creation. Bach Art muaj tej yam yooj yim lom zem thiab no: kev tu siab, thiab philosophical rog xav txog thiab mob txaus ntshai. Ntse heev Johann Sebastian nyob rau hauv nws lub suab seev tau tso tawm kom pom xws tseem ceeb sib nrauj ntawm nws era, raws li ib tug kev cai dab qhuas thiab philosophical teeb meem. Nrog kev pab los ntawm amazing suab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, nws qhia rau tus nyob mus ib txhis thiab tseem ceeb heev cov lus nug ntawm tib neeg lub neej:

• Hais txog qhov kev ncaj ncees luag hauj lwm ntawm tus txiv neej.
• Hais txog nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab cov lo lus uas peb.
• Lub neej thiab kev tuag.

Cov reflections yog ncaj qha mus txog rau kev cai dab qhuas kev kawm. Qhov no yog tsis xav tsis thoob. Composer zoo tag nrho nws lub neej tau txais kev pab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, yog li feem ntau ntawm cov suab paj nruag rau nws thiab sau tau. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog ib tug believer, paub cov vaj lug kub. Nws phau ntawv yog phau Vajlugkub sau nyob rau hauv ob yam lus (Latin thiab German). Nws tuav posts lees txim, khaws cia dawb huv hnub. Ob peb hnub ua ntej nws tuag, nws coj kev cais. Lub ntsiab hero ntawm lub composer yog Iisus Hristos. Qhov no zoo tagnrho cov duab ntawm Bach pom lub embodiment ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo ntawm tus txiv neej, lub purity ntawm lub siab, lub dag lub zog ntawm tus plig, muab siab npuab tus xaiv txoj kev. Sacrificial puas ntawm Yexus Khetos rau txoj kev cawm seej ntawm noob neej yog rau Bach tus innermost. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub composer, lub npe yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Lub symbolism ntawm Bach

Nyob rau hauv lub Baroque lub sij hawm muaj ib tug suab paj nruas symbolism. Los ntawm nws qhia ib tug complex thiab zoo kawg nkaus lub ntiaj teb no ntawm lub composer. Bach tus music twb ntaus nqi los ntawm contemporaries raws li ib tug pob tshab thiab meej hais lus. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov nyob rau hauv nws ntawm ruaj melodic lem, hnov tej yam cwj pwm txawv thiab cov tswv yim. Tej suab qauv yog hu ua cov suab paj nruas-rhetorical nuj nqis. Ib txhia dhau rau lwm tus xyaum lub suab ntawm tib neeg hais lus, lwm leej lwm tus coj qhws lub iconic cim. Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm lawv:

• anabasis - nce toj;
• circulatio - kev sib hloov;
• catabasis - qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob;
• exclamatio - exclamation, nce rau;
• fuga - khiav;
• passus duriusculus - Chromatic cov hoob kawm, siv rau qhov qhia txog kev txom nyem los yog kev tu siab;
• suspiratio - xyu;
• tirata - boom.

Maj mam suab paj nruas rhetorical nuj nqis yog ib hom ntawm "tej yam tshwm sim" ntawm tej yam tswv yim thiab txoj kev xav. Piv txwv li, lub descending daim duab catabasis feem ntau siv mus rau kis kev tu siab, kev tu siab, kev tu siab, kev tuag, qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa. Lub gradual nce (anabasis) siv rau kev qhia tawm ntawm lub qaum, lub txhawb ntsuj plig thiab lwm yam. Motifs, cim muaj cai nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm ntawm lub composer. Nyob rau hauv Bach tej hauj lwm yeej los ntawm lub Protestant chorale, uas tus Maestro hais thoob plaws nws lub neej. Nws kuj muaj ib lub cim lub ntsiab lus. Ua hauj lwm nrog cov chant tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm lwm yam - cantatas, Mob siab rau, preludes. Yog li ntawd, kuj txawj, hais tias cov Protestant chorale yog ib feem ntawm Bach lub suab paj nruas lus. Ntawm cov tseem ceeb cim nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm qhov nyuab, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ruaj khov ob peb ua ke ntawm cov suab uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv Bach tej hauj lwm yeej los ntawm lub cim ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig. Nws muaj plaub qhia sib txawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Nws yog noteworthy tias yog decrypt composer lub npe (Bach) sau ntawv, ces ib tug duab duab ntawm tib. B - pav ca B, A - A, C - mus, H - B. Ib tug poj koob pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm Bach cim muaj kev soj ntsuam xws li F. Busoni, A. Schweitzer, M. Yudin, B. Jaworski thiab lwm tus neeg.

"Ob txhais yug"

Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm Sebastian Bach twb tsis ris txiaj ntsim. Nws contemporaries paub nws ntau tshaj li ib tug organist es lub composer. Nyob rau nws twb sau ib zaug xwb loj cov phau ntawv. tsuas muaj ob peb tug tau raug luam tawm ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus composer lub npe sai tsis nco qab lawm, thiab cov tseem muaj sia nyob sau sib sau hmoov av nyob rau hauv cov archives. Tej zaum peb yuav ua tau zoo tsis paub tus txiv neej no cov ntse heev. Tab sis, qhov zoo ces, nws tsis tshwm sim. Txoj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv Bach nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Thaum Mendelssohn pom nyob rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag, "St Mathais mob siab rau", uas nws yog heev xav. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tswj, qhov no ua hauj lwm ntse twb ua nyob rau hauv Leipzig. Muaj ntau listeners twb zoo siab nrog lub suab paj nruag tseem paub sau ntawv. Peb yuav hais tias qhov no yog tus thib ob yug Johann Sebastian Bach. Nyob rau hauv 1850 (lub 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub composer tuag) Bach tus Society twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Leipzig. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub koom haum yog cov ntawv ntawm Bach thaud pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tag nrho tej hauj lwm. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, 46 tagnrho tau sau.

Hloov khoom nruab nrog Bach. txoj kev

Hloov khoom nruab nrog composer tsim ib qho zoo heev cov khoom. Qhov cuab yeej no rau Bach - ib tug tiag tiag lub caij. Ntawm no nws muaj peev xwm mus unleash lawv cov kev xav, txoj kev xav thiab cwj pwm txawv, thiab coj tag nrho cov no mus rau lub mloog. Li no tus koom ua ke ntawm cov kab, hais kwv txhiaj, virtuosity, ua txoj dluab. Compositions tsim rau lub cev, reminiscent ntawm xeeb tub painting. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv hais feem ntau close-ups. Lub Prelude, Toccata thiab u cai pathetic suab paj nruas dluab nyob rau hauv lub dawb, improvisational cov ntaub ntawv. Fougamou xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv ib tug kev virtuosity thiab unusually muaj zog txoj kev loj hlob. Hloov khoom nruab nrog Bach hau siab paj huam ntawm nws lyrics thiab cov neeg pej xeem nrog scale ntawm zoo kawg li improvisations.

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub clavier tej hauj lwm, hloov fugues loj npaum li cas nyob rau hauv tau thiab cov ntsiab lus. Lub zog ntawm cov suab paj nruas duab thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob muab qhov chaw nrog ua kev ua si. Cov txiag ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas hais nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm loj khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov suab paj nruag, tab sis ib tug tshwj xeeb discrete xwm thiab muaj cov tsis muaj so. On qhov tsis tooj, yeej los ntawm saab laaj (nruam zog). Txhua kab lus yog muab tau los ntawm lub yav dhau los nrog ua voltage. Cia li ua tau thiab highlights. Emotional nws thiaj li sawv mus rau lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes yog kho kom zoo. Bach yog thawj composer uas nyob kev cai symphonic txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub loj ntaub ntawv ntawm cov instrumental polyphonic music. Hloov khoom nruab nrog Bach li yog ntog mus rau hauv ob tug. Tus thawj - ib tug prelude, toccata, Fugue, fantasy (loj music voj voog). Qhov thib ob - ib tug-ib feem chorale preludes. Lawv sau feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub Chamber. Lawv qhia cov feem ntau lyrical dluab: intimate, tu siab thiab sublimely contemplative. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm rau hloov khoom nruab nrog Ioganna Sebastyana Bach - Toccata thiab Fugue yog nyob rau hauv D me, Prelude thiab Fugue nyob rau hauv Ib tug menyuam yaus, thiab ntau lwm yam hauj lwm.

Ua hauj lwm rau Harpsichord

Thaum sau ntawv songs Bach tso siab rau qhov kev paub ntawm lawv cov predecessors. Tiam sis ntawm no, nws pom nws tus kheej los ua ib tug innovator. Clavier Bach yog yus muaj los ntawm scale, exceptional versatility, cov kev tshawb fawb rau txoj kev qhia. Nws xub muaj lub composers ntawm cov versatility ntawm no lub cuab tam. Nyob rau hauv composing nws tej hauj lwm, nws tsis ntshai mus xyaum ua tej thiab siv cov feem ntau xav tau tswv yim thiab tej yaam num. Thaum sau ntawv tau ua los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no lub suab paj nruag. Ua tsaug rau nws artistic txhais tau tias Clavier heev enhanced. Nws enriches cov tshiab ntsuas virtuoso cov txheej txheem thiab hloov lub essence ntawm cov suab paj nruas dluab.

Ntawm nws cov hauj lwm rau hloov khoom nruab nrog highlights:

• Ob-lub suab thiab peb-ib feem Inventions.
• "English" thiab "Fabkis" suite.
• "Chromatic Fantasia thiab Fugue".
• "Zoo-tempered Clavier".

Yog li, Bach tus ua hauj lwm nyiam nrog nws teev. Lub composer yog dav paub thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Nws tej hauj lwm ua rau peb xav thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam. Mloog nws zaj nkauj, involuntarily raus nyob rau hauv lawv, xav txog no: lub ntsiab lus, lawv pib. Lwm yam, uas Maestro nyob thoob plaws nws lub neej, yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Qhov no hloov khoom nruab nrog suab paj nruag, suab thiab instrumental music rau ntau yam seev (violin, raj, piano thiab lwm tus) thiab rau instrumental ntaus uake.