Lub npe nrov Oka terraced Reserve? Tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag Oka Terrasny cia

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XX xyoo pua (1948) nws tau txiav txim siab los hloov tus loj cia, nyob rau hauv lub suburbs, nyob rau hauv tsib cais tuam txhab uas muag. Nyob rau hauv tawv lub sij hawm rau cov kev txuag xwm (1951) nyob rau hauv Moscow Thaj av 4 reserves tau abolished. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, Oka terraced Reserve - tsuas yog ib nyob rau hauv lub suburbs.

Nws taug kev mus rau hauv lub loj network ntawm biosphere reserves los ntawm UNESCO. Nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1979, nws tau txais ib daim ntawv pov.

Los ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm lub complex

Terraced Oka Biosphere cia pib cov kev ua ub nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1945, thawj raws li ib feem ntawm lub reserved sector.

Tom qab muab tus txheej xwm ntawm nws paub tab biosphere ho widened, yog li 1984 godu tom qab xyuas cov chaw nres tsheb twb tau tsim no, uas twb tau lub ntsiab yam khoom ntawm huab cua soj thiab nrhiav kom tau ntawm polluting thiab teeb meem tshuaj uas tej zaum tau nkag mus rau hauv ib ncig

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 70-ies terraced Oka Biosphere cia pib mus ua tej xyuas ntawm ib tug ntau dua ecosystem theem.

paub tab

Muaj ntau ntawm peb cov txawj nyeem ntawv yuav paub yuav ua li cas khiav lag luam yog cov koom haum nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Yog hais tias koj xav tshaj nto moo Oka terraced Reserve, yuav pib nrog, cia peb kawm seb yog dab tsi paub tab tau muab tso rau hauv lub koom haum.

Tus thawj yog cov preservation ntawm lub cim ntuj complex, ntse lub cheeb tsam.

Nyob Ruaj Ruaj txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ecosystems ntawm lub zeem cia thiab nws cov neighboring chaw. Txum Tim Rov Qab thiab kev txuag ntawm tej yam ntuj tso fauna thiab muaj.

Txoj kev tshawb no, yug me nyuam rau dispersal rau lawv cov qub vaj tse uas lub European nyuj qus.

Raws li koj tau pom, txawm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub paub tab uas koj muaj peev xwm kos ib co lus xaus hais txog dab tsi nto moo Oka terraced Reserve.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws ntev keeb kwm, nws muaj cov hauj lwm ntawm restoration thiab kev txuag cov uas tsis tshua muaj raug rau no hom nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Cov tshwm sim ntawm no complex thiab multifaceted ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tseem ceeb pab txhawb ntxiv ntawm cov fauna ntawm lub Moscow cheeb tsam.

Aboriginal saib ntawm cov chaw - lub tus ntshuab - pib ntawm XX xyoo pua tau yuav luag tag txiav tawm nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Tiaj. Yuav kom restore nws mus rau tus tiv thaiv cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv 1948 coj beavers 4 tshem me me ntawm lub zeem cia ntawm lub nroog ntawm Voronezh. Xya xyoo tom qab ntawd (1955) tuaj koom cov pejxeem muaj 2 officers ntawm Lavxias teb sab qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob.

Nyob rau hauv 1962, cov tsiaj pib khom. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1973 muaj ib tug yav qab teb Moscow pejxeem, numbering 110 beavers nyob rau hauv 30 settlements nyob rau hauv lub tributaries ntawm lub Oka. Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 2003, sab nraum lub teb chaws ntawm lub zeem cia, nyob rau hauv lub Serpukhov koog tsev kawm ntawv, twb muaj 68 settlements ntawm cov tsiaj numbering 329 cov neeg.

climatic tej yam kev mob

Terraced Oka Biosphere Reserve, ib tug yees duab uas koj yuav pom nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, txawv tsis kub tsis txias continental kev nyab xeeb. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, lub caij ntuj no yog muaj mob pesnrab frosty, thiab summers yog sov so. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo cua kub tsis sawv saum toj no - 3,9 ° C. Lub kub lub hli - Lub Xya hli ntuj (+17,7 ° C), lub coldest Lub ib hlis ntuj (10,5 ° C). Maximum kub - +38 ° C, yam tsawg kawg - -43 ° C. Txhua xyoo nag lossis daus yog tsawg tshaj li 500 mm ntawm dej nag. Lub thickness ntawm cov daus npog, uas zoo nkaus li nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub kaum ib hlis thiab los nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis, 55 cm.

nyem

Terraced tiaj, maj mam muab qaij de los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb. Koom Haum Niam vypolozhenny terraces. Cov yam ntxwv lub caij ntawm lub nyem ntawm lub hauv paus thiab sab qaum teb feem ntawm lub zeem cia yog sinkholes uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw uas thee zoo overlie limestone.

Mus rau nyem ntawm rau yav qab teb terraces yog yus muaj los ntawm zeb toj thiab cov ntoo, uas sawv mus rau 10-15 meters saum toj no lub qis, uas nyob ib sab chaw.

hydrology

Lub zeem cia chaw uas zoo heev yog tsis yus muaj los ntawm ib tug zoo kawg tooj ntawm reservoirs. Qhov twg ob peb me me dej ntws muaj tsawg dej ntawm lub pas dej thiab ib tug ob peb marshes. Qhov loj tshaj plaws dej ntws - Ponikovka thiab Todenka, uas yuav siv sij hawm nws cov keeb kwm nyob sab nraum lub zeem cia, nws kav ntev npaum yog hais txog 9 km, dav txog 4 m.

Ntawm lub pas dej yog lub loj tshaj plaws thiab Sirnovskoe Protovskoe. Nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub ntawm lub caij ntuj sov lub pas dej qhuav li yuav luag tag. Hav iav nyob ib tug me me ib feem ntawm lub cheeb tsam (tsawg tshaj li 1%).

Tsiaj txhu Oka Terrasny cia

Neeg hom - mos lwj, uas yog kiag li txiav tawm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Yuav kom restore nws, nyob rau hauv lub Oka Reserve terraced 2 officers ntawm cov tsiaj tau pib nyob rau hauv 1948. Lawv twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1950. By pib ntawm 1957 lub xov tooj ntawm cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia tau mus txog cov ntaub ntawv tus xov tooj - 63. Los ntawm no taw tes mos lwj pib txiav txim nyob rau ib ncig ntawm Chekhov thiab lub Serpukhov koog tsev kawm ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv 1967 rov qab los nyob ze Moscow mos lwj pejxeem muaj 157 tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 2008 tus xov tooj twb ntiav 170 tib neeg. Qhov no hom ntawm heev ntse reintroduced thiab xa rov qab mus rau lub mus yos hav zoov fauna.

mos lwj

Teb cov lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas yog lub npe hu Oka terraced Reserve?", Peb yuav hais tias: "Qhov nce nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem ntawm moose." Ua ntej lub ob ntiaj teb rog no tsiaj yog heev tsawg nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw. Tom qab tsov rog, muaj tau ib tug ceev ceev pejxeem kev loj hlob. Nws peaked nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm 1961 - 1300 cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub Serpukhov koog tsev kawm ntawv, nrog rau 300 inhabited terraced Oka Reserve.

Vim lub high ceev ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm kev sib hais haum muaj teeb meem nrog rau cov mob ntawm lub hav zoov, raws li zoo raws li lub xeev thiab elk nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb suburbs. Muaj yog ib tug loj heev cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tsos ntawm epizootic kab mob. Tom qab ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws tshawb txog ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm lub zeem cia zoologist LV Zablotskaya insisted on elk pejxeem cai los ntawm shooting. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no 1961 nws twb tua tus tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia 101 thiab 128 - nyob rau hauv lub Serpukhov koog tsev kawm ntawv. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv ib ob peb xyoos rau cov pejxeem tseem nyob rau theem tso cai.

Cov feem ntau prey ntawm lub inhabitants ntawm lub zeem cia yog ib tug hma liab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws nyob 11 ntau hom ntawm carnivorous tsiaj, 7 ntawm uas yog nyob rau lub ntiaj teb no nyob mus tas li.

Puav (puav) yog sawv cev los ntawm 11 hom. Cov lawv - lub Natterer tus puav, plecotus, dej, pas dej, liab, me me thiab liab vechornytsi thiab lwm tus neeg.

Haum loj coob ntawm luav, tsis tshua muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau luav. Tom qab ib tug ntev tsis tuaj kawm ntawv rov qab tus ntshuab, thiab nws kaj siab lug nyob muaj kev tiv thaiv cov niam dej.

nyuj qus

Ntawm cov tsiaj inhabiting Oka terraced Park, nyuj qus, los yog es, ib tug ntawm lawv cov zoo - nyuj qus bonasus L. - ua rau lub International Liab Phau Ntawv, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Nyob rau hauv 1948, M. A. Zablotsky tsim nyuj qus me nyuam me. Nws lub hom phiaj - los lub nyuj qus yuav nteg qe tsawg hom. Ua ntej cov me nyuam me tau teem kev pab raws qib:

• rearing thiab tso nws mus rau hauv cov qus nyob rau hauv lawv cov qub vaj tse hom, tus hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm muaj zog thiab noj qab nyob zoo rau cov tib neeg nyob rau hauv lwm yam Zoological teb thiab nurseries;
• lub expansion thiab preservation ntawm lub noob pas dej ua ke ntawm cov nyuj qus.
• kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub ecology, biology, ethology nyuj qus;
• txoj kev txhim kho thiab kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev tshiab ntawm cia thiab yug me nyuam ntawm cov nyuj qus nyob rau hauv captivity, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob.

Cov me nyuam me yog situated nyob rau ib thaj tsam ntawm 200 hectares. Rau cov nyuj qus tej yam kev mob ntawm no yog raws li nyob ze rau ntuj. me nyuam me hauv cheeb tsam yog muab faib mus rau hauv vaj huam sib cwjmem. Lawv yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug Mesh ntawm hlau thiab kev cob cog rua ntawm ntev txoj cai huv nam.

Nyob rau hauv txhua cwj mem muaj cov nyuj qus tsev neeg. Nws muaj ib tug txiv neej, 5 (tsis tshua muaj 4) maum thiab tus hluas uas muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 10 lub hlis. Ces cov nyuj qus nyuj yog sib cais los ntawm lawv niam, thiab tsim ib tug "hluas" pab tsiaj.

Qhov kawg ntawm 2009 nyob rau hauv lub kennel tsa thiab xa mus rau ntau thaj tsam ntawm Russia, Belarus, Ukraine thiab lwm lub xeev tshaj 328 purebred nyuj qus.

Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam me ua nws kim heev kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub biology, ethology nyuj qus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Central nyuj qus me nyuam me yog raug npaj thiab qhov kev kawm ntawm cov heev tsim nyog tshwj xeeb, uas ces ntse ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw.

Rau comparative kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam me muaj xws li ib pab pawg neeg ntawm American twm.

muaj

Yog hais tias koj tsis tau to taub dab tsi nto moo Oka terraced Reserve duab tawm nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb khoom, yuav pab tau koj mus xav txog qhov xwm ntawm cov zoo kawg li qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia muaj tshaj 950 hom sib txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Ntawm cov ntoo yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho ntoo thuv, ntoo qhib, linden, Aspen, spruce, birch. Tej mixed forests npog hais txog 93% ntawm tag nrho cov cia.

Nyob rau hauv cov laus, ostepnonnyh forests loj hlob dyeing khaub rhuab, grey-haired Veronica, khaub rhuab, sedge, thiab hais txog. D.

Txiv qaub-ntoo thuv-oak hav zoov muaj impurity los ntawm Maple thiab undergrowth ntawm bereskeleta, hazel, honeysuckle, viburnum thiab t. D.

Muaj ntau ntau ntawm berries, inhabiting Oka terraced Reserve. Nroj tsuag ntawm no pab pawg neeg - blueberry, cranberry, Kislichnaya, raws li zoo raws li cranberries thiab blueberries yog feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntoo thuv forests ntawm lub zeem cia.

noog

Lub zeem cia yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov noog. Nyob rau hauv mixed forests lawv xaiv lawv feem ntau tsim nyog tiers, qhov twg lawv me nyuam qaib muaj kev nyab xeeb, lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thiab qhov twg nws yog yooj yim los mus tau khoom noj khoom haus. Piv txwv li, jacks yog nyob rau hauv loj txhom loj tsob ntoo crowns pov tseg nyob rau hauv thawj theem.

Me noog noj kab khom rau lub thib ob pem teb los yog nyob rau hauv lub undergrowth, thiab npaj plas zes rau hauv av. Ntawm no koj yuav nrhiav tau ntau tits thiab hmab nce, redstart thiab tsob ntoo pipit, nuthatch thiab ntoo warbler, qhov ncauj tawm thiab zoryanku thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

txuag tsam

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo cov nyhuv uas cov active tib neeg economic kev ua si tsis zoo noj yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub natural complex cia. Nws lub teb chaws yog heev loj heev - 4710 ha cheeb tsam nrog ib tug dav ntawm 2 km. Nws muaj xws li floodplain Oka hav zoov cov cheeb tsam tsev puag ncig chaw uas zoo heev.

Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub zeem cia, tso cai txwv economic kev ua si. Tso Cai yog tso cai mus rau hav zoov tswj, nrog tas mus li tej no txwv tsis pub. Agricultural ua hauj lwm tso cai nyob rau hauv lub floodplain ntawm lub Oka (txwv tsis pub laij teb chaws tshiab). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txwv tsis pub excavation, extraction thiab tsuas, kev siv ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm txoj kev thiab thaj chaw rau tej hom phiaj. Cov ntsiab lus uas nuv ntses thiab yos hav zoov yuav tsum tau ntxiv yuav hauj lwm ua ke nrog cov coj.

Educational kev ua si

Lub zeem cia yog ib qho zoo heev scientific puag rau ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub capital, raws li zoo raws li cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Russia. Ntawm no probation me nyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm ntau yam departments thiab ceg ntawm Moscow State University, Moscow Agricultural Academy Timiryazev. Ntawm no tub ntxhais kawm ntawv kev lom kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow State University. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj cov kws tshwj xeeb los ntawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb institutes. Nws yog kev ua si rau cov tub ntxhais naturalists nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia - lyceums thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv.

Oka terraced cia: neeg xyuas

Raws li cov neeg uas tau mus xyuas no zoo kawg nkaus qhov chaw, nws yog tsim rau cov xwm lovers. Tag nrho cov qhuas ib tug amazing thiab tsis tshua muaj nta lub sij hawm los saib cov pristine kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov Moscow cheeb tsam thiab lub cim, tej zaum nyob rau lub verge ntawm extinction, hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu.

Qhua txaus siab hais tias cov cia mus taug kev lawv nrog tej ntawm cov uas captivating competently tham txog cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag.

Muaj ntau txaus siab hais tias lub nyuj qus tim mus deb heev, thiab qhia cov thawj coj los npaj ib co thauj mus tau ib ncig ntawm lub cheeb tsam.